TED | Why Do We Love？我们为什么相爱？

爱情，想来大家都有不同的见解，是甜蜜、幸福，还是苦涩、心痛？这次就来给大家介绍一些哲学家的看法，希望打开新世界的大门。

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Ah, romantic love; beautiful and intoxicating, heart-breaking and soul-crushing… often all at the same time!

If romantic love has a purpose, neither science nor psychology has discovered it yet but over the course of history, some of our most respected philosophers have put forward some intriguing theories. Skye C. Cleary outlines five of these philosophical perspectives on why we love.

Romantic Love: beautiful and intoxicating, heartbreaking and soulcrushing, often all at the same time. Why do we choose to put ourselves through its emotional ringer? Does love make our lives meaningful, or is it an escape from our loneliness and suffering? Is love a disguise for our sexual desire, or a trick to make us procreate? Is it all we need? Do we need it at all?

If romantic love has a purpose, neither science nor psychology has discovered it yet. But over the course of history, some of our most respected philosophers have put forward some intriguing theories.

Love makes us whole again. Plato.

The ancient greek philosopher Plato explored the idea that we love in order to become complete. In his Symposium, he wrote about a dinner party, at which Aristophanes, a comic playwright, regales the guests with the following story:Humans were once creatures with four arms, four legs, and two faces. One day, they angered the gods, and Zeus sliced them all in two. Since then, every person has been missing half of him or herself.

Love is the longing to find a soulmate who’ll make us feel whole again, or, at least, that’s what Plato believed a drunken comedian would say at a party.

Love tricks us into having babies. Schopenhauer

Much, much later, German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer maintained that love based in sexual desire was a voluptuous illusion. He suggested that we love because our desires lead us to believe that another person will make us happy, but we are sorely mistaken.

Nature is tricking us into procreating and the loving fusion we seek is consummated in our children. When our sexual desires are satisfied, we are thrown back into our tormented existences, and we succeed only in mantaining the species and perpetuating the cycle of human drudgery.

Love is escape from our loneliness. Russell

According to the Nobel Prize winning British philosopher Bertrand Russell,  we love in order to quench our physical desires. Human are designed to procreate, but without the ectasy of passionate love, sex is unsatisfying.

Our fear of the cold, cruel world tempts us to build hard shells to protect and isolate ourselves. Love’s delight, intimacy, and warmth help us overcome our fear of the world, escape our lonely shells, and engage more abundantly in life. Love enriches our whole being, making it the best thing in life.

Love is a misleading affliction. Budhha.

Siddhartha Gautama, who became known as the Buddha or the Enlightened One, probably would have had some interesting arguments with Russell. Buddha proposed that we love because we are trying to satisfy our base desires.

Yet, our passionate cravings are defects, and attachments, even romantic love, are a great source of suffering. Luckily, Buddha discovered the eight-fold path, a sort of program for extinguishing the fires of desire so that we can reach Nirvana, an enlightened state of peace, clarity, wisdom and compassion.

The novelist Cao Xueqin illustrated this Buddhist sentiment that romantic love is folly in one of China’s greatest classical novels, ‘Dream of the red chamber‘.

In a subplot, Jia Rui falls in love with Xifeng who tricks and humiliates him. Conflicting emotions of love and hate tear him apart, so a Taoist gives him a magic mirror that can cure him as long as he doesn’t look at the the front of it. But, of course, he looks at the front of it. He sees Xifeng. His soul enters the mirror and he is dragged away in iron chains to die.

Not all Buddhist think this way about romantic and erotic love, but the moral of this story is that such attachments spell tragedy, and should, along with magic mirrors, be avoided.

Love lets us reach beyond ourselves. Beauvoir

Let’s end on a slightly more positive note. The French philosopher Simone de Beauvoir proposed that love is the desire to integrate with another and that it infuses our lives with meaning. However, she was less concerned with why we love and more interested in how we can love better.

She saw that the problem with traditional romantic love is it can be so captivating, that we are tempted to make it our only reason for being. Yet, dependence on another to justify our existence easily leads to boredom and power games. To avoid this trap, Beauvoir advised loving authentically, which is more like a great friendship. Loves support each other in discovering themselves, reaching beyond themselves, and enriching their lives and the world together.

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