6月以来,珠江流域西江及北江、黄河上游、太湖等江河湖泊都发生编号洪水,一些中小河流洪水多发重发,区域性暴雨洪水重于常年。2020年7月5日,江西省永修县部分道路被洪水淹没。图片来源:中国日报In June, meteorological administrations issued over 43,000 early warning messages. The number of messages for rainstorms and thunder each increased by about 43 percent compared with the average of the total issued for the same month in the past three years, according to the China Meteorological Administration.
据中国气象局统计,6月,全国气象部门累计发布各类气象灾害预警信息4.3万多条。其中,暴雨、雷电的预警信息发布数量均比过去三年同期增加了43%左右。
The Ministry of Emergency Management said that, as of Friday, over 19.3 million people in 26 provincial regions had suffered from floods. A total of 121 people were missing or dead and the direct economic losses from the flood disasters reached over 41.6 billion yuan.
据应急管理部介绍,截至7月3日,今年以来洪涝灾害先后造成26省(区、市)1930多万人次受灾,121人死亡失踪,直接经济损失超过416亿元。四川阿坝马尔康市遭遇泥石流 消防全力救援 图片来源:人民视觉
【知识点】
从气象上来说,24小时降水量(precipitation)为50毫米或以上的雨称为“暴雨”(rainstorm/ downpour/ torrential rain)。特大暴雨是一种灾害性天气(disastrous weather),往往造成“洪涝灾害”(flood),在山区还会引发“山体滑坡”(landslide)和“泥石流”(debris flow)。Landslide(山体滑坡)是暴雨使山体不堪重负,由山体薄弱地带断开整体下滑,而debris flow(泥石流)是暴雨使沙土石达到水饱和,在重力的作用下液化的泥沙石向低洼处流动。▌中央气象台再发暴雨黄色预警(yellow alert for rainstorms)From Monday to Tuesday morning, heavy rain and rainstorms are expected in parts of Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan,Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan and Heilongjiang, the National Meteorological Center said.中央气象台预计,7月6日08时至7日08时,上海、江苏、浙江、安徽、江西、湖北、湖南、重庆、贵州、云南以及黑龙江等地部分地区有大到暴雨。7月4日,江西上饶婺源县遭受强降雨,星江河暴涨。图片来源:人民视觉
Some of these regions will see up to 80 mm of hourly precipitation, accompanied by thunderstorms and strong winds, the center said.
上述部分地区最大小时降雨量可达到80毫米,局地有雷暴大风等强对流天气。It said coordinated operation of reservoirs in the upper reaches of the Yangtze will be carried out to reduce the amount of water flowing into the Three Gorges Dam, which saw the arrival on Thursday of the first flood in the country's longest watercourse this year, and relieve flood control pressure in the middle and lower reaches of the river.
水利部表示,要加强长江上游水库群的联合调度,减少三峡入库水量,减轻中下游河道防洪压力。7月2日,长江2020年第1号洪水抵达三峡大坝。Among areas to be covered by the rain band, some places in Shanxi, Henan, Shandong and Heilongjiang provinces and the Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang Uygur autonomous regions are forecast to see their precipitation increase by 30 to 50 percent compared with previous years.
受雨带影响的地区中,山西、河北、山东、黑龙江、内蒙古、新疆等地的部分地区降雨较常年同期可能偏多3-5成。The coming rain may result in major regional floods in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, southern parts of the Haihe River, the Songhuajiang and Liaohe rivers. The rain, together with melted snow, may also cause flooding in some areas in Xinjiang, the ministry said.
受其影响,黄河中游、海河南系、松花江、辽河等河流可能发生区域性较大洪水,新疆部分地区可能发生降雨融雪混合型洪水。
Notes
frequent showers 经常性的阵雨
rain cats and dogs 倾盆大雨torrential downpours/rains 暴雨/倾盆大雨persistent rain 持续降雨heavy rain 大雨rainfall 降雨downpour 暴雨shower 阵雨storm/tempest/rainstorms 暴风雨thundershower 雷阵雨drizzle 毛毛雨release flood waters 泄洪flood-diversion zones 分洪区check dam 淤地坝/拦沙坝flood-prevention 防洪spillway 泄洪道1. meteorological [ˌmiːtiərəˈlɑːdʒɪkl] adj.气象学的meteorology + ic 形容词后缀 + al 形容词后缀 → 气象学的meteorology [ˌmiːtiəˈrɑːlədʒi] n.气象学meteor 大气现象 + logy 学术名词后缀 → 气象学词源:来自希腊语ta meteora,天体现象,天空之上,来自meta-,在上,-eora,空中的,词源同air.引申词义气象。后特别用于指流星,可能因流星比较有代表性。其原义见:aerial meteors,风;aqueous meteors,雨;luminous meteors,极光;igneous meteors,流星。2. administration [ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃn] n.(企业、学校等的)管理,行政;施行;执行;(企业、学校等的)管理部门,行政部门administrate [ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪt]v.管理,支配ad 强调 + ministr(=minister) 管理 + ate 动词后缀 → 管理;执行minister:['mɪnɪstə] n. 部长,大臣,牧师 vi. 执行牧师之物,辅助或伺候某人ministry:['mɪnɪstrɪ] n. 政府部门administer:[əd'mɪnɪstə] v. 管理,治理,实施在中国历史上,再大的官见了皇帝也得自称“奴才”、“小的”。西方也一样,大臣在国王面前自称 minister 。mini 表示“小”,如 miniskirt (迷你裙);词根 st表示“站”,er 表示“人”,所以 minister 其实就是“站着的小人”的意思。因此,在英语中, minister 就逐渐变成了对辅助国王的大臣的称谓。虽然后来英国实行了君主立宪制,但 minister 的称呼并没有变化,只是翻译时一般翻成“部长”而不是“大臣”。prime minister 就是首相、总理。minister 作为动词时,表示“辅助、伺候”。单词 administer 、 administrate 跟 minister 同源,前面的 ad 是表示“ to ”的希腊语。所以这两个单词虽然也表示“管理”的意思,但跟 management 还是有所区别,一般翻译为“行政管理”,说白了就是辅助主人料理日常事务的,跟“管家”有点接近。而 management 中的 manage 本意是“驾驭马”,含有“想方设法控制、操纵,努力实现”的意思。3. emergency [iˈmɜːrdʒənsi] n.突发事件;紧急情况e (=ex)出 + merg 沉,没 + ency 名词后缀 →〔从沉没中〕出现 → 突发事件The government has declared a state of emergency following the earthquake.emerge [iˈmɜːrdʒ] v.(从隐蔽处或暗处)出现,浮现,露出;暴露;露出真相;被知晓;露头;显现;显露e (=ex)出 + merg 沉,没 + e 动词后缀 →〔从沉没中〕出现 → 露出The swimmer emerged from the lake.4. precipitation [prɪˌsɪpɪˈteɪʃn] n.降水,降水量(包括雨、雪、冰等);沉淀;淀析an increase in annual precipitationprecipitate [prɪˈsɪpɪteɪt , prɪˈsɪpɪtət] v.使…突然降临;加速(坏事的发生);使突然陷入(某种状态) adj.鲁莽的;草率的;仓促的 n.沉淀物;析出物pre 前 + cip 头 + ite + ate 表动词 → 头往前 → 加速His resignation precipitated a leadership crisis.5. torrential [təˈrenʃl] adj.倾泻的;如注的torrent + i + al 形容词后缀 → 倾泻的torrent [ˈtɔːrənt] n.急流;激流;湍流;洪流;迸发;连发;狂潮It had been a night of stormy weather, with torrential rain and high winds.6. Three Gorges Dam [θriː ˈɡɔːrdʒɪz dæm] 三峡;三峡工程;长江三峡大坝;三峡大坝;三峡大坝工程gorges [ˈɡɔːrdʒɪz] n.峡;峡谷 v.贪婪地吃;狼吞虎咽 gorge的第三人称单数和复数7. debris [dəˈbriː] n.残骸;碎片;破片;残渣;垃圾;废弃物
de 加强 + bris (break)破开 → 碎片Emergency teams are still clearing the debris from the plane crash.