初心诵 ┆ 师生接力共读《共产党宣言》第九期,给你不一样的经典体验!
共产主义并不剥夺任何人占有社会产品的权力,它只剥夺利用这种占有去奴役他人劳动的权力。
——《共产党宣言》
初心诵,取“不忘初心,继续前进”之意。本档节目开播以来,得到了大家的大力支持。现在,小青马非常激动地宣布,初心诵第九期开播啦!什么?你竟然不知道本期节目中的两位老师也是师生档,两代师生齐聚初心诵,精彩纷呈!
原文如下
现在,我们来看看雇佣劳动。
雇佣劳动的平均价格是最低限度的工资,即工人为维持其工人的生活所必需的生活资料的数额。因此,雇佣工人靠自己的劳动所占有的东西,只够勉强维持他的生命的再生产。我们决不打算消灭这种供直接生命再生产用的劳动产品的个人占有,这种占有并不会留下任何剩余的东西使人们有可能支配别人的劳动。我们要消灭的只是这种占有的可怜的性质,在这种占有下,工人仅仅为增殖资本而活着,只有在统治阶级的利益需要他活着的时候才能活着。
Let us now take wage-labour.
The average price of wage-labour is the minimum wage, i.e., that quantum of the means of subsistence, which is absolutely requisite in bare existence as a labourer. What, therefore, the wage-labourer appropriates by means of his labour, merely suffices to prolong and reproduce a bare existence. We by no means intend to abolish this personal appropriation of the products of labour, an appropriation that is made for the maintenance and reproduction of human life, and that leaves no surplus wherewith to command the labour of others. All that we want to do away with, is the miserable character of this appropriation, under which the labourer lives merely to increase capital, and is allowed to live only in so far as the interest of the ruling class requires it.
在资产阶级社会里,活的劳动只是增殖已经积累起来的劳动的一种手段。在共产主义社会里,已经积累起来的劳动只是扩大、丰富和提高工人的生活的一种手段。
因此,在资产阶级社会里是过去支配现在,在共产主义社会里是现在支配过去。在资产阶级社会里,资本具有独立性和个性,而活动着的个人却没有独立性和个性。
而资产阶级却把消灭这种关系说成是消灭个性和自由!说对了。的确,正是要消灭资产者的个性、独立性和自由。
In bourgeois society, living labour is but a means to increase accumulated labour. In Communist society, accumulated labour is but a means to widen, to enrich, to promote the existence of the labourer.
In bourgeois society, therefore, the past dominates the present; in Communist society, the present dominates the past. In bourgeois society capital is independent and has individuality, while the living person is dependent and has no individuality.
And the abolition of this state of things is called by the bourgeois, abolition of individuality and freedom! And rightly so. The abolition of bourgeois individuality, bourgeois independence, and bourgeois freedom is undoubtedly aimed at.
在现今的资产阶级生产关系的范围内,所谓自由就是自由贸易,自由买卖。
但是,买卖一消失,自由买卖也就会消失。关于自由买卖的言论,也像我们的资产阶级的其他一切关于自由的大话一样,仅仅对于不自由的买卖来说,对于中世纪被奴役的市民来说,才是有意义的,而对于共产主义要消灭买卖、消灭资产阶级生产关系和资产阶级本身这一点来说,却是毫无意义的。
By freedom is meant, under the present bourgeois conditions of production, free trade, free selling and buying. But if selling and buying disappears, free selling and buying disappears also. This talk about free selling and buying, and all the other "brave words" of our bourgeoisie about freedom in general, have a meaning, if any, only in contrast with restricted selling and buying, with the fettered traders of the Middle Ages, but have no meaning when opposed to the Communistic abolition of buying and selling, of the bourgeois conditions of production, and of the bourgeoisie itself.
我们要消灭私有制,你们就惊慌起来。但是,在你们的现存社会里,私有财产对十分之九的成员来说已经被消灭了;这种私有制这所以存在,正是因为私有财产对十分之九的成员来说已经不存在。可见,你们责备我们,是说我们要消灭那种以社会上的绝大多数人没有财产为必要条件的所有制。
You are horrified at our intending to do away with private property. But in your existing society, private property is already done away with for nine-tenths of the population; its existence for the few is solely due to its non-existence in the hands of those nine-tenths. You reproach us, therefore, with intending to do away with a form of property, the necessary condition for whose existence is the non-existence of any property for the immense majority of society.
总而言之,你们责备我们,是说我们要消灭你们的那种所有制。的确,我们是要这样做的。
从劳动不再能变为资本、货币、地租,一句话,不再能变为可以垄断的社会力量的时候起,就是说,从个人财产不再能变为资产阶级财产的时候起,你们说,个性被消灭了。
由此可见,你们是承认,你们所理解的个性,不外是资产者、资产阶级私有者。这样的个性确实应当被消灭。
In one word, you reproach us with intending to do away with your property. Precisely so; that is just what we intend.
From the moment when labour can no longer be converted into capital, money, or rent, into a social power capable of being monopolised, i.e., from the moment when individual property can no longer be transformed into bourgeois property, into capital, from that moment, you say individuality vanishes.
You must, therefore, confess that by "individual" you mean no other person than the bourgeois, than the middle-class owner of property. This person must, indeed, be swept out of the way, and made impossible.
共产主义并不剥夺任何人占有社会产品的权力,它只剥夺利用这种占有去奴役他人劳动的权力。
有人反驳说,私有制一消灭,一切活动就会停止,懒惰之风就会兴起。
这样说来,资产阶级社会早就应该因懒惰而灭亡了,因为在这个社会里劳者不获,获者不劳。所有这些顾虑,都可以归结为这样一个同义反复:一旦没有资本,也就不再有雇佣劳动了。
Communism deprives no man of the power to appropriate the products of society; all that it does is to deprive him of the power to subjugate the labour of others by means of such appropriation.
It has been objected that upon the abolition of private property all work will cease, and universal laziness will overtake us.
According to this, bourgeois society ought long ago to have gone to the dogs through sheer idleness; for those of its members who work, acquire nothing, and those who acquire anything, do not work. The whole of this objection is but another expression of the tautology: that there can no longer be any wage-labour when there is no longer any capital.
所有这些对共产主义的物质产品的占有方式和生产方式的责备,也被扩及到精神产品的占有和生产方面。正如阶级的所有制的终止在资产者看来是生产本身的终止一样,阶级的教育的终止在他们看来就等于一切教育的终止。
资产者唯恐失去的那种教育,绝大多数人来说是把人训练成机器。
All objections urged against the Communistic mode of producing and appropriating material products, have, in the same way, been urged against the Communistic modes of producing and appropriating intellectual products. Just as, to the bourgeois, the disappearance of class property is the disappearance of production itself, so the disappearance of class culture is to him identical with the disappearance of all culture.
That culture, the loss of which he laments, is, for the enormous majority, a mere training to act as a machine.
但是,你们既然用你们资产阶级关于自由、教育、法等等的观念来衡量废除资产阶级所有制的主张,那就请你们不要同我们争论了。你们的观念本身是资产阶级的生产关系和所有制关系的产物,正像你们的法不过是被奉为法律的你们这个阶级的意志一样,而这种意志的内容是由你们这个阶级的物质生活条件决定的。
But don't wrangle with us so long as you apply, to our intended abolition of bourgeois property, the standard of your bourgeois notions of freedom, culture, law, etc. Your very ideas are but the outgrowth of the conditions of your bourgeois production and bourgeois property, just as your jurisprudence is but the will of your class made into a law for all, a will, whose essential character and direction are determined by the economical conditions of existence of your class.
王俊拴老师说
正确理解《共产党宣言》关于在资本主义社会里是过去支配现在,在共产主义社会里是现在支配过去的观点。这就是说,在资本主义社会里资产阶级利用过去积累起来的财富奴役工人,即人受物的支配,而在共产主义社会里,物受人的支配。工人创造所积累起来的财富受联合起来的个人的支配,为社会全体成员服务。就是说,共产主义社会要消除人对人的奴役,使人获得自由发展。
正确理解《共产党宣言》关于消灭私有制的主张。它是指废除资产阶级的所有制而不是废除一般的所有制。过去我们把私有制和资本主义等同起来是对马克思主张的误解。只有以剥削他人劳动为基础的私有制才具有资本主义性质,即以雇佣劳动为基础的资本主义私有制才是应当消灭的。
正确理解《共产党宣言》关于自由、法、教育等的观点。马克思主张要消灭自由的资产阶级性质,即资产阶级的自由与无产阶级的不自由;消灭资本主义社会法律的资产阶级性质;消灭教育把工人训练成机器的奴役属性。
本期朗诵者
马克思主义学院 王俊拴教授
寄语
诵读经典是一种形式,做到比较容易。更重要的是要践行《共产党宣言》,做到就很难了。而坚持做下去就更难了,对所有共产党员来说都是考验。
物理学与信息技术学院党委秘书
兼团委书记 杨仁财老师
(小青马说:杨老师不仅是王俊拴老师的在读博士,也是本期朗诵者王翔同学的辅导员哦)
感言
听完初心诵的第一期就报了名参加诵读,因为恰逢王俊拴老师给我们开马克思主义思想政治教育经典著作研究课,讲到《共产党宣言》,在老师的带领下对这部经典著作做了系统的阅读。经典著作的魅力一直都在,诵读的我们初心未变,能和王老师一起研读、诵读,尤感有意义和珍贵,由衷感谢小青马和负责诵读的同学们。约上自己的老师、同学、朋友一起来诵读吧!
旅游与环境学院2014级
地理科学专业 姚媛媛
感言
有时候我们走的太远,似乎就忘记了为何要出发。我想这大概是举办初心诵的原因之一,引导更多的大学生读各种经典,能够理性思考。在当今丰富多元的社会里,重温经典,笃行箴言,具有重要的意义。作为大学生党员,应该积极参加这样的活动,一步一步地通过实践,提高自己的修养。因此,我感到十分幸运,能有这样的机会参加初心诵的录制,虽然自己经验不足,嗓音并不完美,但我迈开了朝向经典的第一步,今后也将积极阅读,朗诵。我相信,不忘初心,才能方得始终。
马克思主义学院2014级思想政治教育
王芋入
(英文朗诵)
感言
成大事者必胸怀坦荡,初心不忘。诵读马列经典,诵读我们的初心,于此同时,我不断提醒自己不忘初心。大三的学习生涯即将告一段落,迎接我的是紧张的实习生活,学高为师,身正为范,我时刻抱着这样一颗炽热的红心,准备着。最后,祝初心诵活动越办越好。
马克思主义学院2014级思想政治教育
创新实验班 王翔
(英文朗诵)
感言
诵读《宣言》,仿佛看到了那个时代的风云激荡,看到了革命导师的振臂高呼。向资产阶级宣战,为劳苦大众发声,《宣言》带给我的满是感动。靡不有初,鲜克有终。感谢“初心诵”这个平台,让大家在诵读经典的过程中,不忘初心,继续前进。
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【往期回顾】
编辑:王凡
录音:袁鉴博 魏珂
摄影:朱晓彤
美编:陈婧
审核:张可佳
✪第116期