五彩斑斓的黑

Original Swild 西南山地SWILD 2023-04-02

收录于合集 #拾图2 2个

每周精选10幅自然图片

这是【拾图】第141期

▼

Black,

as the darkest colour,

indicates the absence or absorption of all visible light. Yet this does not suggest an absence of substance or beauty. In fact, black naturally occurs in many of nature's most artful creations.

In this article, we offer 10 eye-catching examples of how the colour black presents itself in the natural world.

黑色，世界上最暗的颜色，

它意味着可见光被介质全部吸收。

也正是这黑色，

在阳光下，反射出独属的本质美。

1. 绿尾虹雉

Lophophorus lhuysii

（Chinese Monal）

The black and iridescent plumage of this male Chinese monal is particularly striking against the snowy, mountainous background. It is only found in the mountains of western China. The Chinese monal is one of many dimorphic bird species. Whilst the male monal is adorned with a metallic green head, iridescent blue plumage and red mantle, the female monal is dark brown. In the case of the male Chinese monal, the black feathers create a stunning contrast with the rainbow plumage as well as the snow that surrounds it.

雪地中，这只雄性绿尾虹雉彩虹般的羽色极为显眼。这种配色炫酷的大型雉类只栖息在中国西部山区。和很多性二态的鸟类一样，绿尾虹雉的颜值担当也是雄性，雄性头部是金属绿色的，背部体羽是蓝色的，上体有红色覆羽；雌性则低调得多，通体深褐色。在这张照片中，绿尾虹雉雄性黑色和彩虹色的羽毛与背景环境中的积雪的对比差如此之大，自然之美实在令人惊叹！

（戳此处看“远山迷雾中的彩虹”）

2. 喜鹊

Pica pica

(Eurasian Magpie)

The Eurasian magpie is a widespread bird that is most notable as a result of its intellect. They are considered to be one of the most intelligent birds, and it is also believed that Eurasian magpies are one of the most intelligent non-human animals. This is due to the expansion of the magpie's nidopallium. This part of the avian brain performs executive functions as well as other higher cognitive tasks, and the nidopallium of the Eurasian magpie is the same in relative size as that of humans, chimpanzees and orangutans. They have displayed mirror self-recognition and elaborate social rituals, and it has even been speculated that they experience emotions such as grief. The black and deep blue feathers complement one another to create a striking appearance. You can see the gorgeous colors reflected by the deep blue if enough lucky under the sunshine.

喜鹊是一种广泛分布的鸦科类，它们智力昭著，被认为是几大聪明鸟类之一，甚至有观点认为它们是除人类外最聪慧的动物。这样的盛名在外，本质还是由于喜鹊大脑皮层的扩张，鸟类大脑的这一部分负责执行功能以及其他高级认知任务，而喜鹊的大脑皮层在大小比例上与人类、黑猩猩和猩猩相同。喜鹊表现出镜像式的自我认知和复杂的社会仪式，甚至有人推测它们能感知悲伤等情绪。

喜鹊体羽的黑色和深蓝色的羽毛相衬，颜色简单而独特，见过的人应该都不会忘记，而幸运的话，可以在阳光下看到深蓝色羽毛反射出绚烂彩色。

（戳此处看“社会我鸦哥”）

3. 黑胸太阳鸟

Aethopyga saturata

(Black-throated Sunbird)

This black-throated sunbird is a species of bird in the family Nectariniidae, which consists of both sunbirds and spiderhunters. The status of the black-throated sunbird as a member of this family is made clear by the characteristic iridescent feathers, long tail feathers and downward-curved bill displayed on this male.

黑喉太阳鸟是太阳鸟科的鸟儿，这个科除了太阳鸟类还有捕蛛鸟这一类。捕蛛鸟类羽色黯淡，太阳鸟类的雄鸟则羽色鲜艳，这只黑喉太阳鸟就如同被泼了一身五彩水墨，其长长的尾羽和向下弯曲的喙也是太阳鸟类的一大特征。

（戳此处看“那一刻，鸟儿自己也是如花美眷”）

4. 黑鹳Ciconia nigra

(Black Stork)

Black stork's dark coat imbues them with mysterious quality. These birds are long-distance migrants and have the widest geographical range of any species in the stork family. Specifically, Asian populations of the black stork typically winter in Southern China or India. They have a shy and wary temperament, and they also prefer to reside in marshy, wooded areas. Due to this timid temperament, black storks tend to be spotted alone or in pairs. This image shows the black storks catching food as part of a flock in winter.
暗色的外表赋予了黑鹳神秘的特质。它们是长途迁徙的鸟类，在鹳科的所有物种中，它们的地理范围最广，其中生活在亚洲的种群通常在中国南部或印度过冬。它们害羞而谨慎，喜欢居住在沼泽及树木繁茂的地区，往往单独或成对出现，但冬季会集群，这张照片显示的是黑鹳在越冬期间集群觅食的场景。

5. 彩鹮

Plegadis falcinellus

(Glossy Ibis)

The scientific name of this bird, Plegadis falcinellus, is derived from Ancient Greek and Latin, with the Greek 'plegados' and the Latin, 'falcis', both meaning sickle in reference to the bird’s unique beak shape. The glossy ibis is the most widespread of the ibis species, appearing in warm areas of Europe, America, Asia, Africa and Australia. Also referred to as the black curlew, understandably due to its dark appearance. A keen eye will also spot the deep red tones amongst the black colouring creating a stunning appearance in the sunshine.

这种鸟的学名是Plegadis falcinellus，属名'plegados'源自希腊语和种加词'falcis'源自拉丁语，在两种语言中都分别是镰刀，反映了彩鹮独特的喙形状。彩鹮是广布物种，它们分布在欧洲、美洲、亚洲、非洲和澳大利亚的温暖地区。也有人称呼这种鸟为black curlew（黑鹬），大概是因为它太看起来太黑了，但其实这黑色中还有深红色调，在阳光下看会更加惊艳。

6. 凤头麦鸡

Vanellus vanellus

(Northern Lapwing)

The Northern lapwing is common throughout Eurasia and is highly migratory over an extensive range. The name is thought to have originated from the 'lapping' sound their wings create inflight due to their large wings. Alternatively, it may be due to the behaviour of leading potential predators away from their nests by trailing along as though a wing is broken. When nesting, the young are defended noisily and aggressively against all potential threats, including those as large as cattle.

凤头麦鸡在欧亚大陆很常见，迁徙范围也很广。它们的英文名字lapwing可能源于拟声词lapping，可能是因为它们飞行时空气拍打身上那对大翅膀的声音。另一种可能性的解释是，为了让潜在掠食者远离巢穴，它们会假装折断翅膀一样拖着尾巴走路（lap的一个本意是折叠）。育雏期间，它们会通过大叫来保护幼鸟，以击退潜在的威胁，即使对方壮如牛。

7. 闪鳞蛇

Xenopeltis unicolor

(Sunbeam Snake)

In the case of this sunbeam snake, black enhances the colour of the highly polished, iridescent scales. The dark layer of pigment below the surface of each scale amplifies the rainbow appearance on the outer layer. Not only is this sunbeam snake well known for its iridescent scales, but it is also known for its ability to reproduce quickly. As it is oviparous, it can lay up to 10 eggs at once with little embryonic development within the mother. The sunbeam snake is nonvenomous and instead uses constriction to suffocate their prey. 在这条闪鳞蛇身上，黑色是使鳞片的彩色更加靓丽出彩的颜色。闪鳞蛇不仅因其彩虹般的鳞片出名，还因其出众的繁殖能力而闻名。这种蛇是卵生的，一次可产下10枚卵，而在母体内几乎没有胚胎发育。闪鳞蛇无毒，它们通过紧缩身体来勒死猎物。

8. 深紫报春

Primula melanantha

As a member of the Primula genus, the Primula melanantha stands out. While most primulas are brightly coloured ranging from reds and yellows to pinks and purples, it is rare for primulas to be as dark as this black flower. In the light, the Primula melanantha appears an almost dark purple which contrasts with the small yellow centre as well as the greenery that surrounds the flower. This plant is known for being located specifically in the Sichuan province of South West China, making it a special and unique part of the Sichuanese natural world.

大多数报春花颜色都比较明艳，从红色、黄色到粉红色和紫色，这种深紫色的报春显得独树一帜。它呈现出几乎深紫的颜色，与黄色的花蕊以及周围的的绿色形成对比。这种植物狭域分布在四川西部，是川西的特色野生花卉。

9. 暗紫贝母

Fritillaria unibracteata

The Asian species of plant in the lily family. This flower can be found in the Gansu, Qinghai and Sichuan Provinces of China. Growing up to 40cm high, the flowers are hanging bell shapes that have yellow and brown mark on the inside with a dark purple exterior. This plant has slender growth with narrow foliage.

这种百合科植物花分布在中国的甘肃、青海和四川。可高达40厘米的茎顶端挂着一朵钟形的花，花瓣内面部有黄色和棕色的斑块，外面是深紫色的。暗紫贝母的叶子也很窄，所以整株都显得细长。

10. 紫茎兰

Risleya atropurpurea

The Risleya is a deep black flowering plant from the orchid family. It is a monotypic genus, meaning the genus and single species are described in one as Risleya atropurpurea is the sole species. This particular Risleya flower was captured in the Minshan of Sichuan. Despite the depth of the black colouring, the light still catches the petals creating an artful glint.紫茎兰是一种开暗黑色花的兰科植物。这个物种所在的紫茎兰属是单型属，即这个属只有紫茎兰这一个物种。这株特殊紫茎兰是在四川岷山山脉拍到的。尽管有很深的黑色，但在摄影师按下快门的那一瞬间，光打到一朵朵小花上，因此画面中的花瓣上闪烁着几丝巧妙的彩色。

英文作者简介

* 封面底图：也有blingbling高级黑的黑丽翅蜻Rhyothemis fuliginosa ，顾海军/摄

* 本文的影像创作和展示均符合山地六条。西南山地自然影像库www.swild.cn的图片、视频均可带水印免费公益使用，如需大图或去水印请查看网站内购买指南，侵权必究。

西南山地官方活动群加入，长按识别上方二维码，（已加的可忽略上述步骤）
加“西南山地”后发送“进群”

近期拾图

（点击即可阅读↓↓↓）

山地读物