为了更好地传播知识，推动期刊国际合作，本刊与 Urban Studies 城市研究 杂志达成网络合作，不定期推送友刊的精选文章摘要。读者们可以借此了解国际城市研究的新动向，同时学习城市研究领域学术英文的正规表达。欢迎大家批评指正。Transnational migrants and the socio-spatial
superdiversification of the global city Tokyo跨国移民与全球城市东京的社会空间超级多元化
Sakura Yamamura（德国亚琛工业大学）
首次出版时间：2022/9/23｜研究论文
Abstract: Tokyo
illustratesa particularly interesting case of differential inclusions of
transnational migrants in urban spaces, as the novel turn in migration policy
in coordination with urban economic development has induced the arrival and
diversification of migrant populations into the city. With the recent historic
opening of the country to lower-skilled labour migration as well as measures to
(re-) attract the global economy, thus incentivising transnational corporate
professionals to relocate to specific national economic zones within the city,
Tokyo is in a new socio-spatial diversification process. With a non-ethno-focal
lens on transnational migration and focusing on upper-class transnational
corporate migrants, this article discusses diversification regarding the newer
arrivals of migrants who are differently included in the urban spaces as
compared to older generations of migrants. It delivers novel accounts of a
diversifying transnational migrant groups’ socio-spatial patterns within Tokyo,
which illustrate the dynamics of differential inclusions resulting from the
superdiversification of urban societies. The article gives new insights into
the socio-spatial diversification dynamics of transnational urban spaces in a
long-neglected but highly topical Asian arrival city, and conceptually reflects
such localised superdiversification of urban spaces on a global
scale.Constructed from scratch on land reclaimed from the sea, Songdo was
planned to embody new ‘smart city’ life. In reality, it has come to exemplify
enclave urbanism that commodifies securitised living for upwardly mobile middle
classes. While the political economy of this urban project is by now well
studied, the sociological ethnography of the resultant space and its
experiential correlates remains less developed and imperfectly contextualised.
One needs to connect the dots of power and space. The present paper aims to do
that and thematises the ‘design of everyday life’ which rests on (1) the
intensification of privatised digital surveillance of mass housing compounds
which in turn occasions (2) the remaking of spatial markers and symbolic
boundaries between private/public, inclusive/exclusive, inside/outside. As such
it is a combination of two different registers of visibility that gets jointly
orchestrated by the public–private partnership of Korean state and corporate
actors. In order to recognise these regimes as strategic visions of controlled
social life we extend James Scott’s notion of ‘seeing like a state’ to include
the corresponding regime that we call ‘seeing like a corporation’. This allows
us to show that they are mutually elaborative in Songdo through a hybridised
fabrication of its lived environment, particularly in the case of one branded
housing typology located in the city’s centre called International Business
District. This elucidates not only the local entrepreneurial urbanism that gave
rise to the controlled environment of Songdo but also more general logics of
the ‘compressed modernisation’ in the region which sets a global mode for
production of space and re-territorialisation of power.摘要：在城市空间为跨国移民提供多元化包容方面，东京是一个特别有趣的案例，其与城市经济发展相协调的移民政策的新转变吸引了移民人口纷纷进入，形成了多元化的移民人口结构。日本最近历史性地放开对低技能劳动者的移民限制，并采取措施（重新）吸引全球经济，以此激励跨国公司专业人员移民到位于东京的一些特定的国家级经济区，因此，东京正在经历一个新的社会空间多元化进程。本文关注的是上层跨国公司移民，并不区分这些跨国移民的族裔。与老一辈移民相比，这些新移民融入了不同的城市空间。本文对这种多元化进行了讨论，对东京地区多元化的跨国移民群体的社会空间格局进行了全新的描述，说明了城市社群超级多元化所带来的多重包容性的新趋势。本文选取了一个长期被忽视的亚洲移民优选城市作为研究对象，对城市移民区的社会空间多元化趋势提出了新的见解，并从概念上反映了全球范围内城市空间的这种局部超级多元化现象。Keywords: global
city, socio-spatial diversification, superdiversity, transnational migration, transnational
space关键词：全球城市，社会空间多元化，超级多元化，跨国移民，跨国空间原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221114213Social mix and the city: Council housing and
neighbourhood income inequality in Vienna社会结构与城市：维也纳的公共住房和社区收入不平等
Tamara Premrov（奥地利欧洲社会福利政策与研究中心）
Matthias Schnetzer（奥地利联邦劳工商会）
首次出版时间：2022/9/23｜研究论文
Abstract: The
Austrian capital of Vienna is widely acknowledged as one of the most livable
cities, featuring a unique model of council housing that accounts for roughly
25% of all residential dwellings. This paper studies whether the broad
provision of council housing is linked with a higher social mix in the
neighbourhood. The analysis is based on administrative wage tax data at a
small-scale raster grid of 500 × 500 meter with neighbourhood income inequality
as an indicator for the social mix. While council housing is widely spread
across the city, we find distinct spatial clusters of high and low income and
inequality. Spatial econometric models show that council housing in Vienna is
associated with lower income areas but slightly correlates with higher
neighbourhood income inequality. These findings suggest that well-designed
public housing policies may contribute to a higher social mix in a city.摘要：奥地利首都维也纳是公认的最宜居的城市之一，该城市拥有独特的公共住房模式，该类型的住宅约占所有住宅的25%。本文主要研究广泛提供的公共住房是否与街区中较高的社会混合度有关。该分析基于500×500m的小规模栅格上的工资所得税行政数据，街区收入不平等是社会混合中的一个指标。虽然公共住房遍布整个城市，但我们发现高收入和低收入以及收入不平等呈现明显的空间集群。空间经济计量模型表明，维也纳的公共住房与低收入地区相关，但与街区收入不平等程度较高的地区略有关联。这些发现表明，精心设计的公共住房政策可能有助于改善城市的社会混合度。Keywords: administrative
data, council housing, neighbourhood income inequality, social mix, Vienna关键词：行政数据，公共住房，街区收入不平等，社会混合，维也纳原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221119408The political economy of land expropriation in urban
BangladeshAbstract: This
paper explores the 71-year (1947–2018) history of land expropriation in urban
Bangladesh. It examines three interrelated questions regarding land occupation.
First, how does the state and market pursue their mutual and competing class
interests by expropriating land? Next, how does the state and market deploy
primarily extra-economic means to seize land? Finally, how do actors,
strategies and purposes of land expropriation vary from one political regime to
another? This article addresses these questions by engaging with extant
theories of land dispossession and class analysis and collecting a wide range
of empirical evidence from Dhaka, Bangladesh. It argues that state and market
actors in different political regimes use extra-economic means to accumulate
land, creating preconditions for capitalism and expanding the existing
capitalist system. To elaborate on this argument, it examines three factors of
land expropriation: class, power and structure. The class dimension examines
state and market actors who pursue their respective class interests by grabbing
land. The power dimension explores land occupation strategies: who can use what
forms of legal or illegal means to expropriate land. The structural factor
shows how actors, methods, and purposes of land accumulation vary from regime
to regime. Overall, this paper examines historical and contemporary forms of
class interests attached to land accumulation, distinct mechanisms and purposes
of land expropriation, and the nature of capitalist transformation under various
political regimes.摘要：本文探讨了孟加拉国城市土地征用的71年（1947—2018年）历史。我们研究有关土地占用的三个相互关联的问题。首先，国家和市场如何通过征用土地来追求相互竞争的阶级利益？接下来，国家和市场如何主要部署额外的经济手段来夺取土地？最后，土地征用的行为者、战略和目的在不同的政治制度之间如何不同？本文通过参与现有的土地征用理论和阶级分析，并从孟加拉国达卡收集大量经验证据来解决这些问题。我们认为，不同政治体制中的国家和市场参与者使用额外的经济手段来积累土地，为资本主义创造了先决条件，并扩大了现有的资本主义制度。为了阐述这一论点，我们考察了土地征用的三个因素：阶级、权力和结构。阶级维度考察通过攫取土地追求各自阶级利益的国家和市场行为者。权力维度探讨土地占用策略：谁可以使用何种形式的合法或非法手段征用土地。结构因素显示了不同制度下土地积累的参与者、方法和目的如何变化。总的来说，本文考察了历史和当代形式的土地积累所附带的阶级利益，土地征用的不同机制和目的，以及不同政治制度下资本主义转型的性质。Keywords: accumulation
by dispossession, Bangladesh, class, Dhaka, land, power, primitive
accumulation, regimes of dispossession, structure, urban关键词：剥夺积累，孟加拉国，阶级，达卡，土地，权力，原始积累，剥夺制度，结构，城市原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221121573Contextual poverty and obtained educational level
and income in Sweden and the Netherlands: A multi-scale and longitudinal study瑞典和荷兰的环境贫困与获得的教育水平和收入：一项多尺度的纵向研究
Heleen Janssen（德国马克斯普朗克研究所）等四位作者Abstract: Studies
of neighbourhood effects typically measure the neighbourhood context at one
specific spatial scale. It is increasingly acknowledged, however, that the
mechanisms through which the residential context affects individual outcomes
may operate at different spatial scales, ranging from the very immediate
environment to the metropolitan region. We take a multi-scale approach to
investigate the extent to which concentrated poverty in adolescence is related
to obtained education level and income later in life, by measuring the
residential context as bespoke neighbourhoods at five geographical scales that
range from areas encompassing the 200 nearest neighbours to areas that include
the 200k+ nearest neighbours. We use individual-level geocoded longitudinal
register data from Sweden and the Netherlands to follow 15/16-year-olds until
they are 30 years old. The findings show that the contextual effects on
education are very similar in both countries. Living in a poor area as a
teenager is related to a lower obtained educational level when people are in
their late 20s. This relationship, however, is stronger for lower spatial
scales. We also find effects of contextual poverty on income in both countries.
Overall, this effect is stronger in the Netherlands than in Sweden. Partly,
this is related to differences in spatial structure. If only individuals in
densely populated areas in Sweden are considered, effects on income are similar
across the two countries and income effects are more stable across spatial scales.
Overall, we find important evidence that the scalar properties of neighbourhood
effects differ across life-course outcomes.摘要：街区效应的研究通常是在一个特定的空间尺度上衡量街区环境。然而，人们越来越认识到，居住环境影响个体结果的机制可能在不同的空间尺度上运行，从非常直接的环境到大都市区域。我们采用多尺度方法，通过在五个地理尺度上测量定制街区居住环境，来调查青少年集中贫困在多大程度上与日后所受教育和获得的收入有关。这五个地理尺度涵盖包括200个近邻的地区到包括20万个以上近邻的地区。我们使用来自瑞典和荷兰的经过地理编码的纵向登记个人数据跟踪研究15到16岁儿童，直到他们30岁。研究结果表明，在这两个国家，环境对教育的影响非常相似。青少年时期生活在贫困地区与20多岁时受教育程度的相关性较低。在较低的空间尺度，两者之间更为相关。我们还发现了在这两个国家环境贫困对收入的影响情况。总的来说，在荷兰，这种影响比在瑞典更大。空间结构的差异是部分原因。如果只考虑瑞典人口稠密地区的人，环境贫困对收入的影响在两个国家是相似的，在空间尺度上对收入的影响更稳定。总的来说，我们发现了街区效应的标量属性在生命历程的不同结果中有所不同的重要证据。Keywords: bespoke
neighbourhoods, contextual poverty, education, income, multi-scale, neighbourhood
effects关键词：定制街区，环境贫困，教育，收入，多尺度，街区效应原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221120492推介 Urban Studies 期刊的最新文章和城市研究的最新动态搭建中国城市研究学者交流切磋的学术平台
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