期刊导航 | Urban Studies文章精选(163-168）
Segregation, mobility and encounters in Jerusalem:
The role of public transport infrastructure in connecting the ‘divided city’
耶路撒冷的隔离、流动性与共存：公共交通基础设施在连接“分裂城市”中的作用
Abstract: This paper assesses ways in which urban segregation is shaped and transformed by Jerusalem’s public transport network, enhancing mobility and potential group encounters. We suggest that segregation should be understood as an issue of mobility and co-presence in public space, rather than the static residential-based segregation that continues to be a central focus of debate in urban studies. We explore public transport infrastructures, considering how their implementation reflects the variety of ways that transport can have impact: segmenting populations, linking populations and/or creating spaces for interaction or conflict between the city’s Jewish Israeli and Arab Palestinian populations. Space syntax network analysis suggests that in the case of Jerusalem, access to public transport is multi-dimensional: as well as providing access to resources, it shapes opportunities for spatial mobility that may either overcome or reinforce area-based housing segregation. We discuss these opportunities in the light of Jerusalem’s on-going ethno-national division in an increasingly fractured urban reality.
摘要：本文评估了耶路撒冷公共交通网络如何塑造和改变了城市隔离，因为其提高了人员流动性和潜在的群体接触。我们建议将隔离理解为公共空间中的移动性和共存性问题，而不是静态居住隔离（这一直是城市研究中争论的焦点）。我们探讨公共交通基础设施，考虑它们的运行如何体现了交通可以产生的各种影响：分割人口、连接人口和／或为城市中的以色列犹太人和阿拉伯巴勒斯坦人口之间的互动或冲突创造空间。空间句法网络分析表明，就耶路撒冷而言，公共交通的影响是多方面的：除了提供资源，它还塑造了空间流动的机会，这可能会克服、也可能会加强基于地区的居住隔离。我们讨论这些机会的背景是：耶路撒冷日益碎片化的城市现实中持续性的民族—种族分裂。
Keywords: contested cities, Jerusalem, mobility and co-presence, public transport, space syntax, urban segregation
关键词：被争夺的城市, 耶路撒冷, 流动性和共存, 公共交通, 空间句法, 城市隔离
原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098017691465
African urbanisation at the confluence of informality and climate change
非正规性和气候变化交汇的非洲城市化
Abstract: Africa contributes the least to global greenhouse gas emissions, yet it faces climate change’s harshest consequences. Ramifications of climate change pose daunting multi-scalar urban challenges, specifically because urbanisation across most African countries is embedded in, linked to and defined by various notions of informality. However, there is limited theoretical attention to the confluence of African urbanisation, informality and climate change. This article addresses this issue by laying out three fundamental matters of this relationship. First, it analyses urban informality in the context of three domains: the informal economy, informal settlements and the state. Second, it highlights the significance of climate change to theoretical and empirical studies of informality. We propose that climate change poses challenges to the practice of informality and its contemporary theorisation, prompting new questions about how African informality is understood and framed. Finally, it discusses new perspectives on planning for climate change and urban informality that do not frame ‘top-down’ and ‘bottom-up’ approaches as necessarily mutually exclusive. Climate change fundamentally challenges life within informal economies and settlements, and its synthesis within debates on African urbanisation is urgently required. Notably, and in turn, the global discourse on climate change also requires specific attention to the theories and practices of informality.
摘要：在全球，非洲排放的温室气体是最少的，但她却承受着气候变化最严重的后果。气候变化的后果带来了令人生畏的多标度城市挑战，特别是因为大多数非洲国家的城市化都嵌入了各种非正规概念、与之相联系、并由其定义。然而，同时融合非洲城市化、非正规性和气候变化的理论研究十分有限。本文通过阐述这种关系的三个基本问题来探讨这一方面。首先，我们分三个领域分析了城市非正规性：非正规经济、非正规住区和政府。其次，我们强调气候变化对非正规性理论和实证研究而言的重要性。我们认为气候变化对非正规性的实践及其当代理论提出了挑战，引发了关于如何理解和构建非洲非正规性的新问题。最后，我们讨论关于针对气候变化和城市非正规性进行规划的新观点，这些观点并不将“自上而下”和“自下而上”的方法视为必然相互排斥。气候变化从根本上挑战了非正规经济和住区中的人们的生活，迫切需要在关于非洲城市化的辩论中对其进行综合。值得注意的是，反过来，关于气候变化的全球讨论也需要特别关注非正规性的理论和实践。
Keywords: climate change, inequality, informal settlements, urbanisation
关键词：气候变化, 不平等, 非正规住区, 城市化
原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221098946
Private urbanism and the spatial rationalities of urban governance
私有化城市主义与城市治理的空间理性
Abstract: Many cities across Africa are characterised by poor planning, housing deficit, waste management challenges and land-use conflicts. Government efforts to address these challenges remain inadequate, with increased private sector participation in urban governance which in recent times has taken the form of privatised cities. Deploying governmentality – the distributed and subjectified statehood – as an analytical frame, and with data produced through interviews, observation and review of various documents, this article analyses spatial rationalities of private city development in Ghana. Rationalities are viewed as drawing boundaries and producing order to foster correct comportments in analysing the logic underlying actors’ approach to private city development. For the state, private city projects provide a quick fix to the urban planning and governance challenges by providing critical infrastructure and development control. Investors view private city developments as profitable ventures that offer the so-called ‘ideal cities’ that can respond to urban governance challenges. The discourses regarding privatised cities are focused on technocratic notions such as tenure security, development control and service delivery. It is, however, argued that the focus, target and strategies of privatised cities are piecemeal and limited in scope and cannot address the urban governance challenges confronting African cities.
摘要：许多非洲城市的特点是规划不善、住房短缺、废物管理举步维艰和土地使用冲突。政府应对这些挑战的努力仍然不足，私营部门越来越多地参与城市治理，近来，这种治理采取了私有化城市的形式。本文将治理术（分布式和主体化的政府）作为一个分析框架，并通过采访、观察和查阅各种文件产生的数据，分析了加纳私有化城市发展的空间理性。在分析行为者在私有化城市发展进路方面的逻辑基础时，理性被视为划定界限并产生秩序以培养正确的行为举止。对于政府而言，私有化城市项目通过提供关键的基础设施和发展控制，为城市规划和治理挑战提供了快速的解决方案。投资者将私有化城市发展视为有利可图的事业，实现了能够应对城市治理挑战的所谓“理想城市”。关于私有化城市的讨论主要集中于使用权保障、发展控制和服务交付等“技术统治论”概念。然而，我们认为私有化城市的重点、目标和战略是碎片化的且范围受限，无法解决非洲城市面临的城市治理挑战。
Keywords: Accra,
Ghana, governmentality, private cities, spatial rationality, urban governance
关键词：阿克拉, 加纳, 治理, 私有化城市, 空间理性, 城市治理
原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221110692
Sydney as ‘Sinoburbia’: Patterns of diversification across emerging Chinese ethnoburbs
Abstract: ‘Chinese Sydney’ has shifted away from its inner-city Chinatown towards new residential suburban concentrations with varied histories of progressive diversification. In some of these suburbs, where 40% or more of residents report Chinese heritage, older generations of diaspora Chinese intermingle with a substantial recent wave of China-born middle-class professionals – often distinguished as the ‘new Chinese’. This paper situates the localised, internal diversities of the modern arrival city within the geo-political conditions, urban development strategies and migration patterns that shape Sydney’s Chinese ethnoburbs (or ‘Sinoburbs’). Drawing on demographic analysis, site mapping of local infrastructure and site observations, we trace changing demographics and patterns of suburban development within three different case study suburbs. In doing so, we elucidate some emerging lines of inquiry that challenge the extant focus in both enclave and ethnoburb models of urban ethnic concentration and suggest a number of new interventions to future research on emerging Sinoburbia localities both in Australia and elsewhere.
摘要：“华人的悉尼”已经从市中心的唐人街转移到新的郊区住宅集中地，这些郊区具有不同的渐进式多元化历史。在其中一些郊区，40% 或更多的居民声称有华裔血统，老侨民与大量新移民混杂在一起。新移民大多是出生在中国的中产阶级专业人士，通常被称为“新华裔”。本文将悉尼这一现代移民目的地城市的本地化、内部多样性置于地缘政治条件、城市发展战略和塑造了悉尼华裔郊区（或Sinoburbs）的移民模式中考察。利用人口统计分析、当地基础设施的场址地图绘制和场址观察，我们追踪了作为案例研究的三个不同郊区中不断变化的人口统计和郊区发展模式。藉此，我们阐明了一些新的研究路线，这些研究路线质疑对城市种族集中的飞地和民族郊区模式的现有关注，并为未来对澳大利亚和其他地方新兴华裔郊区的研究提出了一些新的干预措施。
Keywords: ethnoburb, local infrastructure, metropolitan Sydney, new Chinese migration, suburban transformation and diversification
关键词：民族郊区, 地方基础设施, 悉尼大都市, 新华裔移民, 郊区转型和多元化
原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221112752
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