JAE | 中国研发资金的演进结构及其对农业生物技术研究生产力的启示【转】

Jinyang Cai,  Weiqiong Chen,  Jikun Huang,  Ruifa Hu,  Carl E. Pray (2019), The Evolving Structure of Chinese R&D Funding and its Implications for the Productivity of Agricultural Biotechnology Research. Journal of Agricultural Economics

摘要简单翻译：

近几十年来，中国的研究与开发政策发生了很大变化，2006年发生了重大变化，当时中国研发的主要计划目标从863计划和973计划变为了国家科技重大专项。引起广泛关注的一个话题是投资改革是否提高了中国的研发生产率。本文使用来自160所大学的独特面板数据集，研究了投资改革对中国农业生物技术行业生产率提高的影响。我们使用面板计数数据模型和动态反馈机制来对知识生产过程进行建模。有力的证据表明，投资改革极大地促进了中国农业生物技术领域的知识产出生产。我们还发现输入质量比绝对数量更重要。人的研究能力对专利输出贡献最大；过去的知识积累有助于获得更多专利；中国农业生物技术领域存在专利生产的准入门槛。此外，中国的专利爆增可能主要是由于人力资本投入质量的提高。

Abstract

China’s research and development (R&D) policy has changed considerably over recent decades, and great changes occurred in 2006 when the main programme objective of China’s R&D changed from the 863 Programme and 973 Programme to the National Science and Technology Major Project. One topic that has drawn extensive attention is whether the investment reform improved R&D productivity in China. Using a unique panel dataset from 160 universities, this paper examines the effect of the investment reform on productivity improvement in China’s agricultural biotechnology sector. We use a panel count data model with a dynamic feedback mechanism to model the knowledge production process. Strong evidence indicates that the investment reform greatly contributes to knowledge output production in China’s agricultural biotechnology sector. We also find that the input quality is more important than the absolute quantity; human research capacity exhibits the greatest contribution to the output of patents; past knowledge accumulation helps produce more patents; and entry barriers to patent production exist in China’s agricultural biotechnology sector. Moreover, the patent explosion in China may have been largely caused by improvements in the human capital input quality.

https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-9552.12363

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