每周分子 | Molecule of the Week

原创 ACS 美国化学会 ACS美国化学会 2022-07-01

收录于合集 #每周分子 110个

每周分子: 二亚乙基三胺

Molecule of the Week: Diethylenetriamine

二亚乙基三胺(DETA)中的三个胺基使其水溶性和碱性足以从气体和烃混合物中提取酸。像大多数有机胺一样，它具有类似氨的气味。危害信息表中显示的毒性等级(大多为1类)说明了其具有巨大的毒性。

这三个氮原子使DETA成为钴、铜和铂等金属的优异络合剂。某些基于DETA的金属络合物可用于催化有机反应。例如过氧化氢氧化苯酚和Heck交叉偶联反应。

最近，里昂大学(法国)的Julien Leclaire及其同事以及都灵大学(意大利)的同事表明，用DETA捕集二氧化碳的成本可以通过另一项对环境有益的方法来抵消。化学家设计了一种方法，可以通过向水溶液中添加DETA，然后将CO₂鼓泡通过混合物来选择性地从水中去除金属污染物。一系列的配体交换反应导致形成目标金属的不溶碳酸盐。

作者通过从La-Ni混合物中除去镧作为La₂(CO₃)₃ 以及将La-Co-Ni电池阳极合金中的可溶金属分离成纯度为97％或更高的单个成分来证明了他们的技术。他们的目标是与金属回收商合作以开发其技术并将其商业化。

二亚乙基三胺信息速览

CAS 登记号	111-40-0
SciFinder命名	1,2-Ethanediamine, N-(2-aminoethyl)-
分子式	C₄H₁₃N₃
摩尔质量	103.17 g/mol
外观	无色或黄色液体
沸点	207 ºC
水溶性	混溶

二亚乙基三胺危害信息

危险等级*：急性毒性，口服，类别4
H302——吞咽有害
危险等级：急性毒性，皮肤，类别4
H312-与皮肤接触有害
危险等级：皮肤腐蚀/刺激，类别1B
H314-导致严重的皮肤灼伤和眼睛损伤
危险等级*：皮肤过敏，类别1
H317—可能引起皮肤过敏反应
危险等级：严重眼损伤，类别1
H318-造成严重眼损伤
危险等级：急性毒性，吸入，类别1
H330-吸入致命
危险等级：特定目标器官毒性，单词接触，呼吸道刺激，类别1
H335—可能引起呼吸道刺激

【关于每周分子】

自2001年以来，“每周分子”已成为广受欢迎的栏目。多数分子由读者推荐。每个结构都经由科学家审查，并以3-D和平面图像的形式显示，同时附有该分子简介。可以通过美国化学文摘社 (CAS) 提供的SciFinder中的CAS REGISTRY获取“每周分子”的更多信息。CAS REGISTRY中的每条物质信息都展示了物质的CAS登记号、索引名、通用名、商品名、书目信息等其他更多信息。发送邮件至motw@acs.org推荐您感兴趣的分子吧。

The three amine groups in diethylenetriamine (DETA) make it water-soluble and basic enough to extract acids from gases and hydrocarbon mixtures. Like most organic amines, it has an ammonia-like odor. Its profound toxicity is illustrated by all the category 1 ratings shown in the hazard information table.

The three nitrogen atoms make DETA an excellent complexing agent for metals such as cobalt, copper, and platinum. Some DETA-based metal complexes can be used to catalyze organic reactions; examples are the oxidation of phenol with hydrogen peroxide and Heck cross-coupling reactions.

Recently, Julien Leclaire at the University of Lyon (France) and colleagues there and at the University of Turin (Italy) showed that the cost of carbon dioxide capture with DETA can be offset by another environmentally beneficial process. The chemists devised a way to selectively remove metal contaminants from water by adding DETA to the aqueous solutions, then bubbling CO₂ through the mixture. A series of ligand exchange reactions results in the formation of an insoluble carbonate of the target metal.

The authors demonstrated their technique by removing lanthanum as La₂(CO₃)₃ from a La–Ni mixture and by separating the solubilized metals from a La–Co–Ni battery anode alloy into the individual components with 97% or greater purity. Their aim is to collaborate with metal recyclers to develop and commercialize their technology.

Diethylenetriamine fast facts

CAS Reg. No.	110-40-0
SciFinder nomenclature	1,2-Ethanediamine, N-(2-aminoethyl)-
Empirical formula	C₄H₁₃N₃
Molar mass	103.17 g/mol
Appearance	Colorless to yellow liquid
Boiling point	207 ºC
Water solubility	Miscible

Diethylenetriamine hazard information

Hazard class*: Acute toxicity, oral, category 4
H302—Harmful if swallowed
Hazard class: Acute toxicity, dermal, category 4
H312—Harmful in contact with skin
Hazard class: Skin corrosion/irritation, category 1B
H314—Causes severe skin burns and eye damage
Hazard class: Skin sensitization, category 1
H317—May cause an allergic skin reaction
Hazard class: Serious eye damage, category 1
H318—Causes serious eye damage
Hazard class: Acute toxicity, inhalation, category 1
H330—Fatal if inhaled
Hazard class: Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure, respiratory tract irritation, category 1
H335—May cause respiratory irritation

About Molecule of the Week

MOTW has been a popular feature on ACS website since 2001. Many molecules are suggested by our website visitors. Every structure is reviewed by a scientist and displayed in 3-D and flat images with a brief description. Each week’s molecule also links to a sample record from the CAS REGISTRY, which is searched using SciFinder. Each record displays the registry number, index name and synonyms, bibliographic information, and more. Send us a molecule suggestion at motw@acs.org.

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