4月上半月热词

4月上半月热词出炉咯，童靴们赶快学起来吧~

1全国哀悼日：national mourning day/降半旗：national flags fly at half-mast

2居家追思或网络祭：commemorative activities at home or online/网上祭扫平台：online platforms for commemoration

3新冠肺炎“无症状感染者”：asymptomatic COVID-19 patients/

4人民战争、总体战、阻击战：a major battle that takes all-out efforts from every one of us/跨境流动：cross-border movement

5全国高考延期：Gaokao postponement

6健康申报：declaration of health information

7可食用陆生动物：edible terrestrial animals/长期人工饲养驯化：long-term breeding and taming by human

8囤积粮食：hoard groceries

9富通信服务：rich communication services/5G消息业务:5G messaging service

10伪造销售额：fabricates sales/虚增交易：fabricating transactions

4月4日，全国哀悼

国务院通知，今年的清明节将成为全国哀悼日。

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China will hold a national mourning Saturday for martyrs who died in the fight against the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak and compatriots died of the disease, according to the State Council.

为表达全国各族人民对抗击新冠肺炎疫情斗争牺牲烈士和逝世同胞的深切哀悼，国务院发布公告，决定2020年4月4日举行全国性哀悼活动。

During the commemoration, national flags will fly at half-mast across the country and in all Chinese embassies and consulates abroad, and public recreational activities will be suspended across the country.

在此期间，全国和驻外使领馆下半旗志哀，全国停止公共娱乐活动。

At 10:00 am Saturday, Chinese people nationwide will observe three-minute silence to mourn for the deceased, while air raid sirens and horns of automobiles, trains and ships will wail in grief.

4月4日10时起，全国人民默哀3分钟，汽车、火车、舰船鸣笛，防空警报鸣响。

民政部：今年清明鼓励推广多样化祭扫方式

4月1日，在国务院联防联控机制召开的新闻发布会上，民政部社会事务司副司长范瑜在回答记者提问时表示，目前“外防输入、内防反弹”的要求不能放松，今年清明除了现场祭扫以外，倡导多样化的祭扫方式。

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Nine provinces, including Central China’s Hubei province, have suspended on-site commemorative activities during the three-day holiday from Saturday to Monday, according to Fan.

范瑜表示，湖北省等9省已经决定暂停4月4日至6日期间的清明现场祭扫活动。

She said that some provinces and cities require people to follow strict reservation rules for tomb sweeping.

她指出，还有一些省市要求人们严格遵守祭扫预约规定。

比如有的地方规定，居家或者集中观察期未满的人员是不能预约现场祭扫的（those who are under home quarantine or concentrated observation are not allowed to make reservations for on-site commemorative activities），有关人员要自觉遵守。

预约成功后要按预约时间和规定的人数前去祭扫。

除了现场祭扫外，为了巩固疫情防控成果，今年清明祭扫活动还大力推广非现场祭扫方式。

The Ministry of Civil Affairs encourages people to mourn their ancestors and deceased family members in more civil and eco-friendly ways, such as organizing commemorative activities at home or online. 

民政部倡导人们用更加文明环保的方式祭祀先辈和逝去的亲人，比如，居家追思或网络祭扫。

Some civil affairs departments have opened online platforms for commemoration.

一些民政部门已经开通了网上祭扫平台。

Staff members at funeral parlors also offer charity services, for example, helping deliver flowers and send condolences, to reduce risks of infection due to mass gatherings.

殡葬服务机构工作人员也会提供公益性代祭服务，比如，代献花、留言寄语等，以降低因人群聚集而带来的感染风险。

范瑜说，

The control measures may bring inconvenience to the public but we believe that cherishing the health of living people is the best consolation to the deceased.

对清明节祭扫的相关限制措施，大家可能觉得很繁琐，但是我们认为，生者的健康平安是对逝者最好的告慰。

关于“无症状感染者”，钟南山最新回应

最近，河南通报1例新增本土病例轨迹，患者曾与无症状感染者接触，关于“无症状感染者”的消息再次引发关注。

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Asymptomatic COVID-19 patients refer to those who do not show any symptoms, including fever and cough, but their tests for the novel coronavirus are positive.

新冠肺炎“无症状感染者”指没有发烧和咳嗽等症状，但是新冠病毒检测为阳性的人。

Asymptomatic patients are not categorized as confirmed cases, because only those showing symptoms can be labeled as confirmed cases, according to the latest version of the COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment guidelines released by the National Health Commission.

根据国家卫健委发布的最新版新冠肺炎诊疗方案，“无症状感染者”不能算确诊病例，只有出现症状的感染者才能被纳入确诊病例。

Asymptomatic patients could infect others, but are not the major source of the spread of novel coronavirus, according to the World Health Organization.

世界卫生组织表示，“无症状感染者”会感染他人，但不是新冠病毒的主要传染源。

针对我国“无症状感染者”的情况，钟南山院士近期在采访中进行了回应。

钟南山表示：

The infection rate is usually very high of those who have close contacts with asymptomatic novel coronavirus carriers.

一般来说，“无症状感染者”对与其密切接触的人的传染率很高。

But the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases is not increasing but reducing in the mainland, and that indicates China did not have many asymptomatic novel coronavirus carriers.

但是，中国近期新冠肺炎新确诊病例数不仅没有上升，反而在不断下降……这可以说明：中国还没有大量的“无症状感染者”。

目前关于中国国内“无症状感染者”的情况没有具体数字，未来几个月还需进行详尽专业的研究。

中国政府对海外留学生回国有何考虑？外交部回应

外交部发言人华春莹3月31日就海外中国留学生回国问题答记者问。

有记者问：当前，全球疫情多点暴发、持续扩散，一些海外中国留学生希望返回中国。请问你是否了解中国政府目前对海外留学生回国问题有何考虑？

发言人回答：

党中央始终高度重视和关心海外中国留学人员，为保护他们的生命安全和身体健康采取了一系列重大举措，各有关部门按照党中央决策部署，积极采取行动。他们都是祖国的孩子，是建设中国未来的重要力量。在此次国内新冠肺炎疫情发生初期，广大海外中国同胞特别是留学生心系祖国，主动捐款捐物，关心和支持国内的抗疫斗争，体现了宝贵的爱国情怀。

The CPC Central Committee attaches great importance to and cares deeply about Chinese students abroad, and has taken major measures to protect their safety and health. Relevant departments have taken proactive actions accordingly. They are children of the motherland and the future of our country. After the COVID-19 first broke out, overseas Chinese nationals, especially students, donated funds and items out of care and support for the fight at home, which shows great patriotism.

新冠肺炎疫情在海外暴发后，国家曾专门安排临时航班先后从伊朗、意大利转运确有困难的人员有序回国。疫情在世界范围多点暴发蔓延后，党和政府时刻关注并关心着海外中国留学人员的健康和安全。外交部根据党中央统一部署，指示280多个驻外使领馆全面动员起来，同当地中国留学人员建立并保持密切联系，及时了解他们的诉求和困难，帮助他们解决面临的各种实际问题。中国使领馆敦促驻在国采取切实有效措施，维护好中国留学人员健康安全和合法权益，我们还多渠道转发《海外留学人员新型冠状病毒防控指南》以及驻在国疫情防控规定等信息，多方式加强与他们的交流沟通，包括请国内派医疗专家组、工作组等进行当面或视频交流，提供科学、专业的疫情防控指导。使领馆还调动各方资源向留学人员发放包含必要防疫物资、防疫指南的“健康包”，通过各种方式解答留学人员普遍关心的问题，全力帮助海外学子排忧解难。

After the COVID-19 broke out in many places around the world, China arranged temporary flights to bring back in an orderly manner people in straits from Iran and Italy. The CPC and the Chinese government closely follow and care for the health and safety of overseas Chinese students. In accordance with the directions of the CPC Central Committee, the foreign ministry instructed over 280 Chinese embassies and consulates overseas to maintain close contact with overseas Chinese students, get to know their appeals and difficulties, and help them solve practical problems. Our diplomatic missions urged their host countries to take effective measures to safeguard the safety, health and legitimate rights and interests of Chinese students. We also forwarded through various channels a prevention and control guideline on COVID-19 as well as local regulations on the pandemic and strengthened communication with the students in various ways. For example, we arranged for medical teams and working groups to exchange with them face-to-face or online to provide science-based, professional guidance. The diplomatic missions also mobilized resources to distribute "health kits" containing essential epidemic prevention materials and guidelines. The diplomatic and consular staff are doing all they can to address the students' general concern and help them get through this rough patch.

疫情防控是一场人民战争、总体战、阻击战，每一位中国公民都在以不同方式参与这场战斗，为最终打赢疫情防控阻击战作出自己的贡献。当前，国内疫情仍有反弹风险，境外疫情的蔓延又给我国疫情防控带来新的挑战。中国民航部门根据疫情形势虽调减了国际客运航班量，但目前搭乘航班回国的大多数是中国留学人员。疾控专家根据世界卫生组织的劝告，提出在当前形势下应最大限度减少跨境流动。我们注意到，目前还有一些留学人员在当地面临各种困难，需要返回国内。昨天中国民航局有关负责人已表示，对需求集中、飞行目的地有疫情防控保障能力的城市，将视情启动重大航空运输保障机制，及时开通临时加班和包机。

Epidemic prevention and control is a major battle that takes all-out efforts from every one of us. All Chinese citizens are part of the fight in their own ways and are making their own contributions to the ultimate victory. At present, China still faces the risk of a rebound at home, and the spread of pandemic overseas has posed new challenges. Chinese civil aviation authorities reduced the volume of international passenger flights due to the pandemic, but the majority of passengers nowadays are overseas students. Experts on disease control, based on WHO recommendations, suggested reducing cross-border movement as much as possible. We note that some overseas students face various difficulties and need to return home. Yesterday, the Civil Aviation Administration said that major air transportation guarantee mechanism will be activated to arrange extra flights and charter flights to cities with viable destinations where a large number of people in need are concentrated.

鉴于国内防控疫情的需要，回国人员应该遵守各项防疫规定，包括出入境时的严格检测和入境后的隔离观察。这既是为了回国人员健康，也是对广大公众安全负责。

In light of the needs for prevention and control, those returning to China should comply with relevant regulations, including strict testing, isolation and observation. This is for the sake of their health and public health security.

教育部：今年全国高考延期一个月

由于新冠肺炎疫情的影响，全国大中小学春季开学延迟，尤其是高三学生的课程受到影响。

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The national college entrance examination, or gaokao, will be postponed for a month to July 7 and 8 due to the novel coronavirus outbreak, the Ministry of Education said in a notice on Tuesday.

教育部3月31日发布通知称，由于新冠病毒暴发，全国高考将推迟一个月，考试时间为7月7日至8日。

Because of the epidemic situation, authorities in Hubei province and Beijing can come up with their own suggestions on gaokao dates, which will be published after consulting with the ministry, it said.

通知称，湖北省、北京市可根据疫情防控情况，研究提出本地区高考时间安排的意见，教育部同意后及时向社会发布。

Wang Hui, director of the ministry's Department of College Students Affairs, said the postponement is mainly to ensure students' safety and the fairness of the exam.

教育部高校学生司司长王辉表示，高考延期主要为保证学生安全和考试公平。

今年高考报名人数逾1070万，比去年增加40万。

各大品牌纷纷推出“社交隔离版”logo

最近你会发现，麦当劳商标中的两个金拱门分开了，可口可乐、奥迪和大众商标中的字母也拉大了间距，这些都是品牌们新设计的“社交隔离版”logo。

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McDonald's, Coca-Cola, Audi and Volkswagen are just a few of the corporate conglomerates that are interpreting "social distancing" with logo redesigns.

麦当劳、可口可乐、奥迪和大众只是用重新设计品牌标识来诠释“社交隔离”的其中几个企业集团而已。

The term has become popular recently because of the spread of the novel coronavirus. Social distancing means standing 6 feet apart from others in an effort to lower the risk of contracting the illness.

最近由于新冠病毒的传播，社交隔离一词变得流行起来。社交隔离意味着和别人保持6英尺（1.8米）的距离，以降低感染病毒的风险。

The messages and logos created to promote social distancing have pros and cons, according to two experts in the design field.

设计领域的两个专家表示，用品牌标识信息推广社交隔离有利有弊。

广告时代网站的总编布莱恩·布雷克说，现在是品牌们提供“真实的、有意义的服务”的时刻，他举的例子包括，盖璞集团为医疗工作者制作口罩，还有克里斯汀·迪奥和纪梵希的母公司法国酩悦·轩尼诗-路易·威登集团生产洗手液的举动。

归国中国籍旅客需提前填报防疫健康信息

中国民用航空局、中华人民共和国海关总署4月7日发布关于中国籍旅客乘坐航班回国前填报防疫健康信息的公告。

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Chinese passengers who are going to fly from 26 countries, including the United States, Italy and Spain, to China are required to submit their health information prior to boarding the plane, the country's civil aviation regulator said on Tuesday.

民航局4月7日表示，从美国、意大利、西班牙等26国回国的中国籍旅客需在乘坐航班前填报个人健康信息。

具体要求如下：

Passengers who already booked air tickets to China must report their personal information, health status and recent travel history on a daily basis starting from Wednesday via a WeChat mini-program before boarding. Under special circumstances, the information can be submitted with the help of someone else.

自2020年4月8日起，已购票旅客在登机前需要提前通过防疫健康码国际版微信小程序，逐日填报个人资料、健康状况、近期出行情况等信息。特殊情况可由他人代为填报。

Passengers who take the flights during the transition period between Wednesday and April 22 should report the related information every day ahead of their flights. Passenger who plan to fly after April 22 need to report the information daily for two weeks before boarding.

2020年4月8日至4月22日为过渡期。过渡期内乘坐航班的中国籍旅客，应于4月8日起连续逐日填报。过渡期后乘坐航班的，应于登机前第14天起连续逐日填报。

People who do not fill out the information as required will not be allowed to board, and passengers who failed to report it truthfully cannot continue their trip and need to bear corresponding legal responsibilities.

未按上述要求填报的，将无法登机。旅客填报虚假信息，将导致行程受阻，并须承担相应法律责任。

公告中所列国家为：意大利、美国、西班牙、德国、伊朗、法国、韩国、瑞士、英国、荷兰、奥地利、比利时、挪威、葡萄牙、瑞典、澳大利亚、巴西、土耳其、马来西亚、丹麦、加拿大、以色列、捷克、爱尔兰、菲律宾、泰国。

农业农村部：狗为伴侣动物 不宜列入畜禽管理

农业农村部近日制订了《国家畜禽遗传资源目录(征求意见稿)》，就畜禽目录向社会公开征求意见。

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The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has excluded dogs from its draft list of edible terrestrial animals.

农业农村部在这份目录征求意见稿中未将狗列为可食用陆生动物。

The draft has proposed as edible species the 18 traditional forms of livestock including pigs, cattle, chickens and ducks, alongside 13 special species including ostriches, silver foxes and minks.

该目录包括可食用的传统畜禽18种，包括猪、牛、鸡、鸭等，特种畜禽13种，包括鸵鸟、银狐、水貂等。

在针对目录的说明中，农业农村部专门提到，

Excluding dogs - an essential human companion animal - is a common global practice and is considered a sign of civilization.

狗是人类伴侣动物，不将其列入目录是国际通行的做法，也是文明的象征。

今年2月《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于全面禁止非法野生动物交易、革除滥食野生动物陋习、切实保障人民群众生命健康安全的决定》发布以来，关于哪些动物能吃，引发了广泛的社会讨论，《目录》的制定意味着这一问题将有官方定论。

农业农村部表示，在目录制订过程中，主要掌握四个原则：

一是坚持科学，列入目录的畜禽须经过长期人工饲养驯化（long-term breeding and taming by human），有稳定的人工选择经济性状；

二是突出安全，优先保障食品安全（food safety）、公共卫生安全（public health safety）、生态安全（environmental safety）；

三是尊重民族习惯（respect ethnic customs），考虑多民族生产生活需要和传统文化等因素；

四是与国际接轨，参照国际通行做法和国际惯例（follow global practice）等。

目录里包括的动物有哪些？

目录包括传统畜禽和特种畜禽共31个种，其中传统畜禽18种：猪、普通牛、瘤牛、水牛、牦牛、大额牛、绵羊、山羊、马、驴、骆驼、兔、鸡、鸭、鹅、火鸡、鸽、鹌鹑；特种畜禽13种：梅花鹿、马鹿、驯鹿、羊驼、珍珠鸡、雉鸡、鹧鸪、绿头鸭、鸵鸟、水貂、银狐、蓝狐、貉。

农业农村部表示，列入目录的畜禽（livestock），适用《畜牧法》，由畜牧兽医主管部门管理；目录所列物种的野外种群（wild population of the listed species），以及目录之外的陆生野生动物（wild terrestrial animals），适用《野生动物保护法》，由林业和草原部门管理。

官方：米面随买随有，不必囤积抢购

4月4日下午，国务院联防联控机制就做好疫情期间粮食供给和保障工作情况举行发布会。

有记者提问，受新冠肺炎疫情影响，不少国家开始限制粮食出口，特别是哈萨克斯坦、越南等国开始宣布限制小麦、大米出口。在这种情况下我们身边可能会有些人因为担心食品短缺而进行囤积抢购，请问我国粮食安全总体形势如何？

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China has ample food production and grain reserves despite the novel coronavirus impact, so there is no need to hoard groceries, officials have said.

有关负责人表示，虽然有新冠肺炎疫情影响，但我国粮食产量丰、库存足，没有必要囤积粮食。

农业农村部发展规划司司长魏百刚用四组数字对上述问题进行了回应。

第一组数据，粮食产量。

The country has recorded a long streak of bumper years, with grain output reaching a record of 663.9 billion kg last year.

我国粮食生产连年丰收，去年的产量达到6639亿公斤，创历史新高。

第二组数据，人均粮食占有量。

The per capita output of grain in China has been higher than the world average since 2010.

2010年以来，我们国家人均粮食占有量持续高于世界平均水平。

第三组数据，粮食库存量。

The repertory of rice and wheat in the country is enough for the whole population for one year.

小麦和稻谷库存大体相当于全国人民一年的消费量。

第四组数据，我国谷物进口量。

China imported 14.68 million tons of grain last year, accounting for 2% of the total consumption in the country.

中国去年净进口1468万吨，仅占全国谷物消费量的2%左右。

农业农村部种植业管理司司长潘文博在发布会上表示，

China has unveiled a series of "unconventional measures" to stabilize grain production, including setting region-specific grain plantation targets, offering subsidies for farmers and raising minimum prices for state procurement of rice, which secured a good start this year and would ensure stable grain production for the whole year.

今年我国采取了一系列“超常规”措施稳住粮食生产，包括按地区设定今年粮食种植目标，为农民提供补贴，提高粮食最低收购价等，粮食生产有了一个好的开局，能够稳住今年粮食生产。

We have the confidence and determination to hold firm our rice bowl.

我们有信心、有决心端牢中国人的饭碗。

三大运营商合推5G消息 传统短信升级

4月8日，中国移动、中国电信、中国联通联合举行线上发布会，共同发布《5G消息白皮书》。

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Falling under the technical name of rich communication services, or RCS, the 5G messaging service is designed to replace current short messages with a system that is richer, provides phone book polling, and can transmit in-call multimedia.

5G消息，其技术名称为“富媒体通信/富通信服务”，旨在用一个更加丰富的体系取代现有的短信服务，可以提供通讯录查询以及通话时多媒体传输。

据介绍，5G消息业务（5G messaging service）是终端原生基础短消息服务的全新升级（an upgrade to the existing standard SMS messaging），依照交互方式大致可分为两类：即个人用户之间（P2P communication），以及企业与个人用户之间的信息交互（B2C reach）。

对于个人用户而言，5G消息将打破传统短信对每条信息的长度限制（no word limits），内容方面也将突破文字局限，实现文字、图片、音频、视频、位置等信息的有效融合（an integration of texts,images, audio, video and location information）。

对于企业而言，5G消息将为其提供与个人用户之间的信息交互接口（interaction between businesses and individuals）。企业可通过文字、语音、选项卡等富媒体方式向用户输出个性化服务与咨询。

With the new messaging service, for instance, consumers don't have to download a variety of mobile apps. They can directly buy train tickets and book flights by sending messages.

比如，使用5G消息后，用户不需要下载各种移动应用软件，可以直接通过消息窗口购买火车票或者预订航班。

此外，5G消息还支持加密传输（encrypted transmission）、图形密码（graphic verification code）等信息交互方式，可提供信息安全保障，保护用户隐私。

简单而言，5G消息是短信和彩信的升级版，可以发送图文、音视频等更加丰富的内容信息；与现有即时通讯类APP的区别是，5G消息以手机号作为用户ID，无需另外安装APP，也无需添加好友或关注企业号码，即可实现消息收发（send and receive messages without friending others or following business accounts）。

The global telecom industry association GSMA has reached a consensus that RCS will become the mandatory function of 5G smartphones.

全球移动通信系统协会已达成共识，5G消息将成为5G手机的必备功能。

The three telecom carriers disclosed in March that they would invest about 180 billion yuan on 5G this year. They will also build 550,000 5G base stations this year.

三大运营商上月透露，他们今年将在5G领域投资1800亿元，年内建设55万个5G基站。

瑞幸伪造销售额 面临退市风险

4月2日，瑞幸在公司公告中称，其首席运营官兼董事刘剑以及下属几名向他汇报的员工从事了包括虚增交易（fabricating transactions）在内的不当行为。

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Luckin Coffee Inc, the so-called rival to Starbucks in China, has exposed itself to risks of delisting and even bankruptcy due to severe fabrication of sales data, experts said.

专家称，在中国被称作“星巴克对手”的瑞幸咖啡由于销售数据造假可能面临退市甚至破产的风险。

The Nasdaq-listed Chinese coffee chain saw its share price crash more than 75 percent to $6.4 on Thursday, after the company disclosed its earnings results were substantially inflated.

由于自曝公司业绩存在严重虚高的问题，在纳斯达克上市的瑞幸咖啡2日股价暴跌75%，收报6.4美元（约合人民币45元）。

公司内部调查发现，去年4月至12月公司虚增了约22亿元人民币交易额，因此投资者不应再信赖先前的财务报表。

来源：中国日报、新华社等

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