贸易战：美方第一批伤亡名单（双语）

From 华盛顿邮报学术plus 2019-03-28

编者按

2018年6月20日，《华盛顿邮报》发表文章“特朗普说贸易战很容易，这是美国第一批伤亡名单”。现中英双语编译如下仅供参考，英文原文请点击“阅读原文”，文章版权归原作者所有，观点不代表本机构立场。

President Trump believes that “trade wars are good, and easy to win.” So he started one.

Now the casualties are beginning to return home from the battlefield, and on Capitol Hill Wednesday, the people’s representatives presented some of them to Wilbur Ross, the president’s billionaire commerce secretary.

特朗普总统相信“贸易战是好的，而且很容易赢”。于是他开始了一场贸易战。

现在，战场上的伤亡人员开始送回家园。周三在国会山，其中一些人被介绍给了商务部长、亿万富翁威尔伯•罗斯(Wilbur Ross)。

“Corn, wheat, beef and pork are all suffering market price declines . . . due to current trade policies,” complained Sen. John Thune (S.D.). “With every passing day, the United States loses market share to other countries.”

Sen. Charles E. Grassley (Iowa) said “we watched the soybean market start to collapse” because of trade-war concerns.

“玉米、小麦、牛肉和猪肉的市场价格都在下跌……”南卡罗来纳州参议员约翰·图恩(John Thune)抱怨道“由于目前的贸易政策，每过一天，美国的市场份额就会输给其他国家。”爱荷华州参议员格拉斯利(Charles E. Grassley)说，出于贸易战的考虑，“我们看到大豆市场开始崩溃”。

Sen. Rob Portman (Ohio) warned about steel and auto producers in Ohio, “hit harder than any other state by the Canadian retaliatory tariffs.”

From Pennsylvania, Sen. Patrick J. Toomey cautioned that Kraft-Heinz may move its ketchup production to Canada to avoid retaliatory tariffs.

俄亥俄州参议员罗布·波特曼(Rob Portman)警告说，俄亥俄州的钢铁和汽车生产商“受到加拿大报复性关税的打击比其他任何州都严重”。

宾夕法尼亚州参议员帕特里克j图米(Patrick J. Toomey)警告说，亨氏(Kraft-Heinz)可能会将番茄酱生产转移到加拿大，以避免报复性关税。

Sen. Johnny Isakson (Ga.) put in a plea over Coca-Cola’s rising aluminum can costs.

Sen. Orrin G. Hatch of Utah warned that contracts have dried up for a steel fabricator in his state because of the tariffs, and “multibillion-dollar investments for new manufacturing plants that employ thousands of workers are also being put at risk.”

And those were just the Republicans on the Senate Finance Committee.

佐治亚州参议员约翰尼·伊萨克森(Johnny Isakson)就可口可乐(Coca-Cola)不断上涨的铝罐成本提出了申诉。

犹他州参议员奥林g哈奇(Orrin G. Hatch)警告说，由于关税的限制，该州一家钢铁制造商的合同已经枯竭，“对雇佣数千名工人的新制造厂的数十亿美元投资也面临风险。”

这还只是参议院财政委员会的共和党人。

Ross, 80 , wears eyeglasses and a hearing aid, but he didn’t need either to see and feel the bipartisan anger, and the fear among Republicans, about the damage Trump’s incipient trade war is already doing to steel users, seafood businesses, cherry and potato farmers, ranchers, uranium producers, newsprint users, brewers — you name it. Even lawmakers sympathetic to Trump’s aim of cracking down on China were aghast at the clumsy way the policy is being administered, the cumbersome exemption process, and the bizarre justifications of the policy that declare Canada a national-security risk but give favorable treatment to a Chinese company accused of espionage against the United States.

年届八旬的罗斯戴着眼镜和助听器,但他不需要看就能感觉到两党的愤怒、共和党的恐惧，特朗普贸易战的第一波受伤者随口就可以说出：钢铁用户,海鲜生意,樱桃和土豆的农民、牧场主,生产商,新闻纸用户,啤酒等等。

Trade war is hell. But the plutocratic commerce secretary was not troubled. Ross’s answer to the senators’ pleas for their constituents: Let them eat cake.

When Thune warned that the drop in soybean prices (caused by China’s retaliatory tariffs) was costing South Dakota soybean farmers hundreds of millions of dollars, Ross responded by saying he heard the price drop “has been exaggerated.”

贸易战争是地狱。但这位富豪商务部长并不担心。罗斯对参议员们这样答复选民的请求:“他们可以吃蛋糕啊。”

当说到大豆价格的下跌(由中国的报复性关税引起)使南达科他州的大豆农民损失了数亿美元时，罗斯回应说“夸张!”

When the committee’s ranking Democrat, Sen. Ron Wyden ( Ore.), told Ross the administration is woefully behind in granting exemptions, Ross said Wyden would learn otherwise if he did his “homework.”

Ross told Sen. Mike Enzi (R-Wyo.) that he’s heard the rising cost of newsprint for rural newspapers “is a very trivial thing,” and he told Sen. Benjamin L. Cardin (D-Md.) that it’s tough luck if small businesses don’t have lawyers to apply for exemptions: “It’s not our fault if people file late.”

资深民主党人，参议员罗恩·怀登(俄勒冈州)告诉罗斯，政府在给予豁免的时候非常落后，罗斯说，如果怀登做了“家庭作业”他就会明白了。

罗斯告诉参议员麦克·恩兹(R-Wyo)。他听到新闻纸成本上升”是一个正常的事情,”他告诉参议员本杰明·l·卡丹，如果小企业没有律师申请豁免只是运气不好:“如果人们文件交迟了，这不能怪我。”

Asked by Sen. Michael F. Bennet (D-Colo.) what the administration would do to help American farmers and ranchers, Ross told him “I’m not in detail familiar with all of the tools” and let the senator know that “we have no control over what another country does in retaliation.”

Ross further claimed to the lawmakers that the huge spike in steel prices “is not a result of the tariff” but of “antisocial behavior by participants in the industry” — behavior triggered by the tariffs. He justified tariffs on Canadian steel for national-security reasons, though the United States has a steel-trade surplus with Canada, by saying the concern is about transshipments of Chinese steel through Canada — yet he admitted “we do not have definitive data” about such shipments.

参议员迈克尔·f·班纳特问，美国政府将怎样帮助农民和牧场主,罗斯告诉他“我不是对所有工具的细节都很清楚”，“我们无法控制另一个国家怎么报复我们”

罗斯进一步声称,钢铁价格大幅飙升”不是关税的结果”,而是“工业部门中的反社会行为者”引发的。他坚持说以国家安全为由对加拿大加征钢铁关税是对的，尽管美国对加拿大的钢铁贸易保持顺差,他所担忧的是中国钢铁经由加拿大转口进入美国——但他承认“我们没有明确的数据”。

The cavalier performance — much like when he held a can of Campbell’s soup on TV and asked “who in the world is going to be bothered” by an increase in steel prices for the can — did not play well.

“The car isn’t a can of soup. It’s not a can of soup, Mr. Secretary,” said Hatch.

Grassley told Ross “it sounds to me like we’ve got a government-run mercantilist economy, as opposed to a free-market economy.”

Toomey told Ross that “we’re picking winners and losers and probably resulting, in my view, in the risk of far more jobs lost than jobs are going to be gained.”

他漫不经心的就像在电视里拿着一罐金宝汤罐头，说“世界上谁会为罐头涨价而烦恼呢”。

“车不是金宝汤罐头。这不是一罐汤，部长先生，”哈奇说。

格拉斯利对罗斯说:“在我看来，我们拥有的是政府管控的重商主义，而不是自由市场经济。”

图米对罗斯说:“我们在挑选赢家和输家，这很可能会导致更多的工作岗位流失，而不是就业岗位的增加。”

But what does Ross care? He’s a winner. Forbes reported on the eve of the hearing that, for most of last year, he maintained stakes in companies co-owned by the Chinese government, a shipping firm tied to Russian President Vladimir Putin (Ross shorted the company’s stock right before his connection to the business was reported last fall) and a bank reportedly caught up in the investigation being conducted by special counsel Robert S. Mueller III.

Asked whether he believed, as several of the senators did, that the United States is in a trade war, Ross was breezy: “As the president has often said, we’ve been at a trade war forever. The difference is that now our troops are coming to the ramparts.”

And they are beginning to take heavy casualties.

罗斯在乎什么?他是赢家。根据福布斯的报告，他过去的一段时间里持有一家中国政府参股公司的股份，一家与俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔•普京(Vladimir Putin)有关联的航运公司的股票(罗斯在去年秋天报道他与该公司有关联之前，就做空了该公司的股票)，以及一家卷入了特别法律顾问罗伯特穆勒三世调查中的银行的股份。

当被问及他是否像一些参议员那样相信美国正在打贸易战时，罗斯很轻松:“正如总统经常说的那样，我们永远都在打贸易战。不同的是，我们的军队现在打到了城墙之下。”

他们开始遭受重大伤亡。

（全文完）

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