《科技与法律(中英文)》2021年第6期要目
来源:北大法律信息网
《科技与法律(中英文)》2021年第6期要目
1.《民法典》技术合同章立法研究
——兼论与知识产权法的互动
刘强(1)
2.智慧司法下数据保护困境突破的区块链技术进路
胡元聪、谢凤(9)
3.人脸识别数据保护困境及其法律应对
刘军平、杨芷晴(18)
4.B2B场景下非个人数据共享
——以事前监管措施与事后竞争规则为视角
马斌(29)
5.“深度伪造”的刑法治理路径
李明鲁(40)
6.个人信息保护制度的反思与改进:以主体利益冲突与衡平为视角
郭江兰(48)
7.我国高价值发明专利界定标准研究
彭小宝、陈文清(58)
8.双层博弈视角下的中国药品专利链接制度移植与创新
赵乃瑄、杨壬淦(65)
9.人工智能时代文本与数据挖掘的版权豁免规则建构
张惠彬,肖启贤(74)
10.商标反向混淆认定标准的构建
——对美国司法实践的评析及借鉴
贺文奕(85)
11.碳中和目标下绿色技术知识产权保护的现状和完善
许亮(96)
12.知识产权法益体系化保护路径之建构
沈伟(103)
13.Reforming Payment Methods for Basic Medical Insurance to Accommodate Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in China: A Case Study of Shaanxi Province
Zhou Fang, Zhang Xiaohao, Ma Zhiguo(112)
14.On the Examination Rules of the Distinctiveness of Sound Trademarks in China
Ge Zhangzhi, Ma Hongrui(121)
15.Exploring the Criminal Justice Cooperation in IP Matters Rights in the Guangdong-Hong Kong -Macao Greater Bay Area under the New Circumstances
Liu Chun, Liao Zhuoyue(129)
16.Technological Means and Response Mechanisms for Person-al Information Theft
He Peiyu, Teng Xiaoshuo, Miao Hua(138)
1.《民法典》技术合同章立法研究
——兼论与知识产权法的互动
作者:刘强(中南大学法学院)
内容提要:《民法典》技术合同章立法具有技术市场法治化、价值目标显性化、互动关系复杂化等方面的发展趋势。技术合同章的主要立法特点包括增加原则性知识产权链接条款、明确技术许可合同独立于技术转让合同的地位,以及解决与知识产权单行法律冲突的问题。技术合同章的法律价值功能包括宣示功能、协调功能、威慑功能和补充功能等方面。在技术合同章具体规则中,有必要解决职务技术成果权利归属及收益分配问题、技术合同参与者知情权和同意权问题,以及技术合同行为与知识产权侵权行为交织问题。
关键词:民法典;技术合同章;知识产权;专利法;职务技术成果
2.智慧司法下数据保护困境突破的区块链技术进路
作者:胡元聪、谢凤(西南政法大学经济法学院)
内容提要:“智慧司法”自被提出以来就受到了广泛的关注,并直接进入了高速发展期。海量的司法数据是司法智能化的基础,数据质量是智慧司法成效的关键。而目前我国司法数据库的安全保护措施很难有效保证数据的可信性、完整性和安全性。区块链技术作为“新基建”信息基础设施之一,能够有效防范数据丢失、泄露以及被篡改等风险,较好地满足智慧司法下数据保护的现实需要。因此,可以在现有司法区块链应用的基础上进行创新并通过推动司法数据上链储存、启用民商事智能合约、打造司法联盟链和司法公有链、推动链上公证和司法鉴定等方式促进智慧司法和区块链的深入结合,从而突破数据保护困境,为“智慧司法”战略深入实践以及相关风险治理保驾护航。
关键词:智慧司法;区块链技术;可信性;完整性;安全性;风险治理
3.人脸识别数据保护困境及其法律应对
作者:刘军平、杨芷晴(湘潭大学法学院)
内容提要:当前人脸识别技术商业化应用领域不断扩张发展,公民个人人脸识别数据被商业公司广泛收集和使用。人脸识别数据既涵盖了“人脸”的人格利益,又体现了“数据”的财产价值,是一种特殊的个人敏感数据,亟须法律的特殊保护。因此,应当针对人脸识别数据处理过程中所存在的隐私泄露、责任不明、数据滥用等现实问题,从个人权利、企业责任、政府监管等三个角度来完善法律保护体系,以保障人脸识别数据的安全与合理利用。
关键词:人脸识别数据;法律属性;数据安全;法律保护
4.B2B场景下非个人数据共享
——以事前监管措施与事后竞争规则为视角
作者:马斌(华东政法大学法律学院)
内容提要:在时间是关键因素的B2B场景下,非个人数据聚合为数据池才能为各个利益相关方带来利益,而可携权在这方面并不起作用。吸取可携权之教训,数据共享规则需要按照市场原理去设计。首先,当参与数据共享的各方之间存在共享数据的动因时,中立的第三方中介机构可以重新组织市场以克服市场失灵之处,吸引各方汇聚为数据池。其次,当存在反竞争之情形时,竞争法规则即可适用。最后,由于竞争法适用具有事后性并且耗时长,事前监管措施即可弥补该缺点。事前监管措施主要体现为强制性共享数据,多发生于没有数据共享之经济动因的场景,旨在促进公共利益以及基于数据的政府、社会治理。
关键词:非个人数据;数据共享;竞争法;事前监管;访问权
5.“深度伪造”的刑法治理路径
作者:李明鲁(武汉大学法学院)
内容提要:人工智能深度伪造技术的应用在医疗、教育、娱乐等多个领域具有进步意义,但技术的滥用可能对国家、社会利益以及个人合法权益造成损害。刑法应当对深度伪造技术滥用行为予以规制,同时也要从风险防控的角度,加强对公民个人信息安全的保护。提供深度伪造技术服务的行为逐渐发展成为网络黑色产业链的一环,运用传统共犯理论难以回应深度伪造技术滥用行为的不法认定问题。对于这种“一对多”的犯罪帮助行为,刑法可以采取独立罪名认定的制裁思路。对于深度伪造内容,网络服务提供者应当依法履行信息网络安全管理义务,落实平台监管责任。
关键词:深度伪造;深度合成;生物识别信息;个人信息保护;网络服务提供者
6.个人信息保护制度的反思与改进:以主体利益冲突与衡平为视角
作者:郭江兰(中国政法大学民商经济法学院)
内容提要:数字经济时代下个体正在经历从“肉身人”向“数字人”转变,个人信息开发应用随之激增,加速了个人信息的公开化、透明化和商业化。期间,个人利益、企业利益与公共利益难以避免发生纠葛与冲突,完全满足个人利益会阻碍企业利益、公共利益的达成,同时企业利益、公共利益的实现会使个人利益难以周全,故有必要引入个人信息保护制度以规范化的手段将利益冲突限定在合理范围内。2021年11月1日正式施行的《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》在保护个人信息权益的同时也促进了个人信息的合理利用。然而,以个体权利为导向的个人信息保护理念根深蒂固,容易误判各主体间正常的利益冲突,陷入过度保护个人利益的泥淖,忽视其他主体围绕个人信息的利益诉求,反而加深各主体间的利益冲突。鉴于此,为了弥合理论与实践的巨大张力,有效平衡个人信息保护与自由流通、合理利用的目标,需要通过利益衡平的方法论,超越个人权利思维的禁锢,对各利益主体的权利结构进行“平等武装”,以适度限定个体权利空间、完善个人信息处理者规定为路径来实现三方制衡,以更好地促进数字经济的发展。
关键词:个人信息;主体利益;冲突与衡平;个体权利;三方制衡
7.我国高价值发明专利界定标准研究
作者:彭小宝、陈文清(中国科学技术大学公共事务学院、中国科学技术大学知识产权研究院,中国科学技术大学公共事务学院)
内容提要:高价值发明专利一直是知识产权界的关注焦点,对于促进产业升级和建设知识产权强国具有重要作用。到底何为高价值发明专利,目前学术界和实践领域还没有统一的定义与界定标准。对于高价值发明专利的界定,不能仅从某个单一的维度进行研究分析。实际上,高价值发明专利是一个综合性的集多重属性于一体的集合。文章通过对现行界定标准的解读与评判,并在此基础上构建出新的高价值发明专利的界定标准,具体包括战略价值、技术价值、法律价值以及市场价值这四大属性特征。同时针对这四大属性进行细化,明确相应的二级指标,以期为高价值发明专利的界定提供借鉴和参考。
关键词:高价值发明专利;界定标准;战略价值;技术价值;法律价值;市场价值
8.双层博弈视角下的中国药品专利链接制度移植与创新
作者:赵乃瑄、杨壬淦(南京工业大学经济与管理学院)
内容提要:鼓励新药研发、降低药品价格是提升民众健康获得感的关键环节和重要话题。文章通过“双层博弈”理论分析原研药企和实力不均药企之间的博弈竞局,发现药品专利链接制度是化解博弈困境的一个重要策略,明确指出现有运行机制存在的问题以及建立中国药品专利链接制度的可行性。在借鉴美国药品专利链接制度成功经验的基础上,提出中国药品专利链接制度应包括的要素;同时,从完善相关法律法规、改进仿制药简化申请制度和Bolar例外等角度,在适用规则移植、操作规程移植、移植中的创新方面提供可参考的建议,为政府部门决策提供理论支撑。
关键词:博弈;药品;专利链接;移植;创新
9.人工智能时代文本与数据挖掘的版权豁免规则建构
作者:张惠彬,肖启贤(西南政法大学民商法学院)
内容提要:科学研究自由是我国《宪法》所赋予的基本权利,该项权利保障了科研人员从事科学研究不受非必要的限制,从而有利于促进科学技术的发展。人工智能时代,文本与数据挖掘作为一种基础性的科学研究方法,已成为科学研究自由的新范式。从我国法律体系上来看,文本与数据挖掘受到版权法律制度的严重制约,存在巨大的版权侵权风险。豁免科学研究中实施文本与数据挖掘的版权责任是各国版权法律制度发展的趋势。我国第三次《著作权法》的修改虽对合理使用制度加以完善,并一定程度上考虑了科学研究发展的需要,但总体上仍无法满足人工智能时代的需求。借鉴欧盟《数字化单一市场版权指令(2019)》第三条的规定,增设“以科学研究为目的的文本与数据挖掘合理使用”,对于保障人工智能时代的科学研究自由,实现科技自立自强和人工智能战略具有重要意义。
关键词:文本与数据挖掘;科学研究自由;合理使用;著作权法修改
10.商标反向混淆认定标准的构建
——对美国司法实践的评析及借鉴
作者:贺文奕(中国政法大学民商经济法学院)
内容提要:规制商标反向混淆,既是我国司法实践的现实需要,也是维护商标权益的根本要求,然而我国司法实践中并没有形成反向混淆的认定标准。美国法院采用多因素测试法,针对反向混淆区别于正向混淆的特点,在商标的近似程度、市场的类似程度、商标显著性、主观意图、实际混淆证据等五个方面,形成了一些特有的认定规则。文章结合中美两国在商标取得制度上的差异性,合理借鉴美国经验,从而构建我国商标反向混淆的认定标准。
关键词:商标;反向混淆;商标侵权
11.碳中和目标下绿色技术知识产权保护的现状和完善
作者:许亮(华东政法大学知识产权学院)
内容提要:中国2060年前实现碳中和目标下,知识产权制度在促进绿色科技创新、保障绿色科技成果和激励绿色科技进步等方面将成为重要支撑。从知识产权审查授权角度,鉴于绿色技术创新的专利申请授予程序决定了绿色技术商业化开发和利用的速度,应该强化绿色专利快速审查制度的法律衔接和优化绿色专利快速审查制度的具体内容;从知识产权保护角度,为了保障绿色技术创新、最大程度激发和驱动绿色技术进步,应该从审判机制、证据制度、赔偿力度方面健全绿色技术知识产权司法保护机制,同时从技术支撑和保护协作方面强化绿色技术知识产权行政保护机制。
关键词:碳中和;绿色技术;专利快速审查;知识产权保护
12.知识产权法益体系化保护路径之建构
作者:沈伟(西南政法大学民商法学院)
内容提要:知识产权既包括权利,也包括法益,知识产权法益是知识产权领域中为法律上主体所享有并给予保护的利益,是知识产权权利的前状态。知识产权法益的生成,既源于民事法律行为中的事实行为,又来自民事法益价值指引下的法益保护原则在知识财产利益中的自然延伸,还依赖于知识产权法对知识财产利益予以保护的正当性建构。知识产权法益具有弥补私权保护不足、作为侵权抗辩事由、产生新型知识产权权利、拓展公有领域与激发创新的功能。知识产权法益的保护路径应有别于权利,采取突出法益保护地位和作用,积极拓展法益保护内容,以竞争法保护模式为主、设权保护模式为辅的体系化保护。具化到商业标识法益保护之中,我国应注重商业标识权利与法益的区分化保护,实现商业标识体系化保护。
关键词:知识产权法益;民事法益;设权保护模式;竞争法保护模式;商业标识
13.Reforming Payment Methods for Basic Medical Insurance to Accommodate Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in China: A Case Study of Shaanxi Province
Author:Zhou Fang, Zhang Xiaohao, Ma Zhiguo(Law School Xi'an Jiao Tong University Doctor of Law Science Professor, School of Translation and Interpreting Doctor of Law Science Associate Professor, Law School Xi'an Jiao Tong University Doctor of Management Science Second Class Professor)
Abstract:Fair and moderate basic medical security is an inherent requirement for the realization of citizens' right to life and health. Improving the legalization level of medical insurance governance is one of the basic principles of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council to continuously promote the reform of medical insurance payment methods. Based on the analysis of the features of TCM, the article, taking Shaanxi Province as an example, studied the status quo of economic development, coverage of TCM diagnosis and treatment services by basic medical insurance, and implementation of payment methods for basic medical insurance in TCM medical institutions. It is pointed out that the current legislative construction process is lagging behind, the basic medical insurance payment method is not suitable for the characteristics of TCM, and the number of TCM medical institutions, service items and medicines covered by basic medical insurance is very limited. The advantages of TCM have not been fully utilized. Therefore, reform of payment methods is pressing. The article suggests accelerating the legislative process in the field of medical security, and forming a legal and regulatory system that is connected with the reform of medical security that is conducive to the establishment and perfection of the system. It recommends guiding health authorities to establish a rating system based on the effectiveness of medical institutions on disease treatment or prevention, and linking it with medical insurance payments. It further recommends promoting the construction of audit standardization in line with the characteristics of TCM, so as to include more qualified Chinese medical institutions, Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment projects, Chinese medicine decoction pieces, Chinese patent medicines and Chinese medicine preparations in medical institutions into the designated institutions and payment scope of basic medical insurance. When determining the charging items and standards for TCM, the price authorities should seek the opinions of TCM experts, and dynamically adjust them according to the cost and professional technical value. It concludes with a recommendation to establish a list of diagnosis and treatment items that reflect the characteristics of TCM as soon as possible and include them in the scope of outpatient reimbursement for basic medical insurance.
Key words:traditional Chinese medicine (TCM); basic medical insurance; reform on payment methods; Shaanxi Province of P. R. China
14.On the Examination Rules of the Distinctiveness of Sound Trademarks in China
Author:Ge Zhangzhi, Ma Hongrui(Institute of Intellectual Property University of Science and Technology of China Associate Researcher, Institute of Intellectual Property University of Science and Technology of China Master Degree Candidate)
Abstract:With the continuous development of the economy and society and the continuous improvement of the efficiency of resource utilization, the status of non-traditional trademarks in the intellectual property system has also been improved. However, when an application for trademark registration is made, whether the trademark is traditional or not, the trademark administration department will focus on examining whether it has distinctiveness. Nowadays, different countries and regions have different theories and legal norms for the recognition and examination of trademark distinctiveness, but there is gradual convergence overall, and China has also constantly learned from the experience of other countries in the examination rules of trademark saliency. Starting with the current domestic legal rules on the recognition of trademark significance, this paper analyzes the status quo and existing shortcomings of the registration and determination rules of sound trademarks, and provides relevant suggestions for the improvement of the examination rules of the distinctiveness of sound trademarks in China.
Key words:sound trademark; trademark distinctiveness; censorship rules
15.Exploring the Criminal Justice Cooperation in IP Matters Rights in the Guangdong-Hong Kong -Macao Greater Bay Area under the New Circumstances
Author:Liu Chun, Liao Zhuoyue(School of Economics and Management Dongguan University of Technology Ph. D. Candidate Lecturer, Legislative Research Center of Zhuhai Special Economic Zone Ph. D. Candidate Legislative researcher Medium-grade professional title)
Abstract:Under the national strategy of developing the Great Bay Area, Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao share the common goal of building an international science and technology innovation center with global influence through collaborative innovation. The realization of this goal must be guaranteed by the protection of intellectual property (IP). The criminal justice protection of IP is the last shield for IP protection. Still, the long-term absence of an agreement on criminal justice cooperation between the Mainland and Hong Kong and Macao has had a negative impact on the coordinated development of IP in these three regions. Under the new circumstances that the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has been elevated to a national strategy level, and that Hong Kong and Macao have laws to safeguard national security, Guangdong should play the "first mover" spirit of reform and opening up, and, based on the fact that the Mainland, Hong Kong, and Macao are TRIPS members, draw on the experience of the Arrangement on Transfer of Sentenced Persons between Hong Kong and Macao, seek common ground while reserving differences, to reach relevant criminal justice cooperation agreements on IP with Hong Kong and Macao and establish a standard criminal justice cooperation mechanism on IP, which will provide a model and add experience for the joint protection of IP and inter-regional criminal justice cooperation among Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao.
Key words:new circumstances; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao IP criminal justice cooperation; first mover
16.Technological Means and Response Mechanisms for Personal Information Theft
Author:He Peiyu, Teng Xiaoshuo, Miao Hua(Chongqing Intellectual Property School Chongqing University of Technology Professor, South China Business College Guangdong University of Foreign Studies Assistant Professor, College of Computer Science and Engineering Chongqing University of Technology Assistant Professor)
Abstract:While internet technology has brought great convenience to modern life, it also provides opportunities for criminals. Through information theft methods such as hacking, malware, social attacks, privilege misuse and new technology theft, criminals collect and steal personal information of high value. These illegal acts seriously harm personal information security and lead to various social problems. At present, the problems of the deficiency of personal information protection legal system, unclear definition of related technical concepts, as well as difficulties of investigating criminal responsibility for thieves have caused adverse effects for establishing personal information protection framework in China. This paper analyses the technical means of personal information theft and builds a personal information protection framework. It deems that by refining current laws and regulations, formulating special personal information protection laws, and clearing law supervision and accountability mechanisms for individuals, the risk of personal information theft can be reduced.
Key words:information security; network safety technology; autonomous information protection framework; personal information theft response system; personal information protection law
郑州新增6例阳性,已累计7例确诊、10例无症状!针对牌友链条已锁定73人
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