查看原文
其他

21世纪的“弹性新陈代谢”│Archi

馆长 悬浮映画
2024-09-08

(好久不见!)

悬浮映画按:新陈代谢派 (Metabolism):在日本著名建筑师丹下健三(KenzoTange)的影响下,以青年建筑师大高正人、稹文彦、菊竹清训、黑川纪章以及评论家川添登为核心,于1960年前后形成的建筑创作组织。

他们认为认为城市和建筑不是静止的,它像生物新陈代谢那样是一个动态过程。应该在城市和建筑中引进时间的因素,明确各个要素的周期(Cycle),在周期长的因素上,装置可动的、周期短的因素。他们强调事物的生长、变化与衰亡,极力主张采用新的技术来解决问题,反对过去那种把城市和建筑看成固定地、自然地进化的观点。

Stanislas Chaillou利用“新陈代谢”这个观点加以数字化技术和现代技术进一步转化。借助新技术范例,提议为真正灵活的建筑方案提供了一个新原型。一个满足社会的期望,也许这不仅仅是一个设计,而是一个宣言:“一个21世纪的新陈代谢”。

(© Metabolism(S) Flexibility in the 21st Century,Stanislas Chaillou)


Metabolism(S) Flexibility in the 21st Century


21世纪的“弹性新陈代谢”


Stanislas Chaillou



https://v.qq.com/txp/iframe/player.html?vid=e1341bk2kln&width=500&height=375&auto=0

The digital format offers in my opinion more freedom, especially when it comes to animation and the representation of dynamic phenomenon. In the case of the Synaptic Building ( http://stanislaschaillou.com/citx ), using digital methods and representation allows me to showcase the notion of time-based urban environment, where the plan of the building changes over time. It is only through the medium animation that I can render this notion fully.

数字格式为我提供了更高的自由度,特别是当涉及动画和动态现象的表示时。就突触建筑(Synaptic Building)而言,使用数字图形的方法和表现可以让我展示基于时间的城市环境的概念,即建筑物的规划随时间而变化。只有通过中等动画才能完全呈现这个概念。

(© Metabolism(S) Flexibility in the 21st Century,Stanislas Chaillou)


The design of the Synaptic building required two major steps, that digital tools helped me tackle. First, defining the movement of parts in the building, or how furniture, retail and partitions would be moved through time necessitated the development of meaningful insight. To do so, I used Python, a standard programming language for data science, to develop tools that would enable to gather information on the surrounding of my building, understand the pulse of the neighborhood, to finally simulate traffics and occupancy logs. From their I could simulate the movement of parts in my building, thanks to grasshopper and basic C# scripting.

In a second time, to represent the building itself, I used at first quite standard tools: plans in Rhinoceros, renders in Vray, post-processing in Photoshop. However, as my design was dynamic, and I had ot find a way to convey the idea of space flexibility, I turned to After Effects to produce animations and GIFs that could best express the “choreography” of parts in my design. The color black and red were used in these animations to differentiates between the infrastructure (in black), and the activity and users (in red).

突触建筑的设计需要两个主要步骤,数字工具帮助我解决问题。首先,确定建筑物中部件的移动,或者如何通过时间移动家具,转述和划分,这就需要设计有意义的观点。为此,我使用Python作为开发工具,以便收集有关我建筑物周围的信息,了解邻域脉搏(pulse of the neighborhood),最终模拟交通和居住日志。从他们我可以模拟我建筑中部件的移动,这要归功于GH工具和基本的C#脚本。

第二,为了表现建筑本身,我首先使用了相当标准的工具:在Rhinoceros中制作计划,在Vray中渲染,在Photoshop中进行后期处理。然而,由于我的设计是动态的,而且我没有找到一种方式来传达空间灵活性的想法,所以我转而使用After Effects来制作动画和GIF,这些动画和GIF可以最好地表达我设计中部件的“编排”。在这些动画中使用黑色和红色来区分基础设施(黑色)和活动和用户(红色)。


Data collection is just the tip of iceberg. It is on ongoing effort coming mostly from other industries, that result in the accumulation of vast and available repositories of information. Architects are today given the opportunity to tap into these databases to inform their design, and maybe change their practice. This is precisely what the Synaptic Building offers: a new design paradigm and a methodology that uses existing urban data to change the very notion of space planning. If data science has tremendously impacted neighboring industries, ours might just be on the verge of discovering its potential. It is for architects both an opportunity to regain expertise, and the occasion to renew their practice.

数据收集只是冰山一角。主要来自其他行业的持续努力导致积累了大量可用的信息存储库。今天建筑师有机会利用这些数据库来告知他们的设计,并可能改变他们的做法。这正是突触建筑提供的:一种新的设计范例和一种方法,它利用现有的城市数据来改变空间规划的概念。如果数据科学对邻近行业产生巨大影响,那么我们可能正处于发现其潜力的边缘。建筑师们既有机会重新获得专业知识,又有机会重新开展业务。

(© Metabolism(S) Flexibility in the 21st Century,Stanislas Chaillou)


I believe architects still have a lot to learn from the world of computer science. Paradigms coming from the “CS world” can be brought to our discipline, in two main ways: to inform our design, and to assist our process. I have already touched upon the notion of information in this interview. I would like now to elaborate on the idea of machines as design assistant. I am in fact currently working on the topic of suggestive design  , or how computers can assist designers in their everyday job. This project is the opportunity to recognize the change happening in our discipline, where machines and information can be leveraged to enhance our work and technic. Suggestive design offers to provide designers with options and solutions all along the design process. As an example, an architect drawing a plan, would be served with relevant geometries/objects/plans during drafting, options that could either complement, or improve their current drawing, or even forecast the next steps of their sketch. Far from the idea of “automating” the architect’s work, suggestions are a way to broaden the set of possibilities, and references used by architects and designers, without tempering with the design process. More deeply, suggestive design is a stepping stone towards a more integrated practice of CAD, where computers and architects truly complement each other during the design phase.

我相信建筑师仍然有很多要从计算机科学的世界中学习。来自“CS world”的范例可以通过两种主要方式引入我们的学科:告知我们的设计,并协助我们的过程。我在这次采访中已经提到了信息的概念。我现在想详细说明机器作为设计助理的想法。我实际上正在研究暗示性设计的主题(http://stanislaschaillou.com/suggestive-cad/)或计算机如何协助设计师进行日常工作。这个项目有机会认识到我们学科发生的变化,机器和信息可以用来加强我们的工作和技术。暗示性设计为设计人员提供整个设计过程中的选项和解决方案。例如,绘制计划的建筑师将在绘图时使用相关的几何图形/对象/计划,可以补充或改进其当前绘图的选项,甚至可以预测草图的后续步骤。与建筑师的工作“自动化”的想法远不同,建议是一种拓宽建筑师和设计师使用的一系列可能性和参考资料的方法,而不会对设计过程进行调整。


Project/项目介绍

Definition

定义

(© Metabolism(S) Flexibility in the 21st Century,Stanislas Chaillou)


“Flexibility”in architecture refers to the ability of a building to continuously adapt its space layout and even its structure to evolving needs. Stemming from the Modernist movement’s dream which emerged in Japan in the 60’s, the ideal of buildings as constantly evolving entities blends together three main aspirations: the need for a more efficient built environment, an answer to urban centers densification and the humanist promise of a city that would adapt to its citizens.

建筑中的“灵活性”是指建筑能够不断调整其空间布局,甚至是其结构以适应不断变化的需求。从60年代日本出现的现代主义运动的梦想出发,作为不断发展的实体的建筑理想融合了三个主要愿望:对更高效的建筑环境的需求,城市中心致密化的回应和城市的人文主义承诺这将适应其公民。


Introduction

介绍

Buildings are no exception to the rule of supply and demand. They quite naturally go through uneven utilization cycles with ups & downs that can be explained by a broad set of reasons: tenants’ volatility, daily traffic, business seasonality or simply competitive rivalry. But, in contrast to this cyclical nature of use, the real estate industry is stuck with rigidity: the physical rigidity of space and the contractual rigidity of leases. As a result, space is far from being used efficiently. And under-performing spaces are depleting economic value. Given this spatial inefficiency, tuning spaces on a monthly, daily – or even an hourly – basis to achieve greater efficiency seems quite legitimate. At the same time, as city centers increasingly densify, finding available space is a growing concern. Identifying under-utilized spaces and revamping them to match demand is becoming a game changing paradigm. Finally, as the digital revolution carries the promise of a more personalized user experience, buildings might just be on the verge of following a similar trend. Through constant remodeling and reprogramming buildings could be tailored to their users’ needs, comfort, and expectations. All in all, building flexible spaces aims to create a more relevant built environment.

建筑物也不例外地遵守供需规则。他们很自然地经历了不平衡的利用周期和起伏,这可以通过一系列广泛的原因来解释:租户的波动性,日常交通,商业季节性或竞争性。但与这种周期性使用形成对比的是,房地产行业却坚持刚性:空间的物理刚性和租约的契约僵化。因此,空间远未得到有效利用。而表现不佳的空间正耗尽经济价值。考虑到这种空间效率低下的情况,每月,甚至每小时调整空间以实现更高的效率似乎是相当合理的。与此同时,随着城市中心日益密集,寻找可用空间成为越来越多的关注点。识别未充分利用的空间并重新调整它们以满足需求正在成为一种改变游戏规则的范例。最后,随着数字革命带来了更加个性化的用户体验的承诺,建筑可能正处于类似趋势的边缘。通过不断的改造和重新编程,建筑可以根据用户的需求,舒适度和期望量身定制。总而言之,建设灵活的空间旨在创造一个更相关的建筑环境。

(© Metabolism(S) Flexibility in the 21st Century,Stanislas Chaillou)


However, achieving ‘’architectural flexibility’’ is a challenge that a number of investigations have tried to take up over the past century. From the early stage of the Japanese Metabolist movement, to the formal flexibility of contemporary architecture, architects have progressively enshrined the principle of space plasticity. But, by and large, they have rather turned it into a style away from its initial ambition to make functional flexibility an actual operating principle. Today however, independently of any disciplinarian consideration, the emergence of Big Data powered by algo-rithmic and semi-automation, may put the promise of architectural flexibility within our reach. There are three good reasons to believe it is no longer just a utopic ideal. First, data and analytics could enable the built environment to better understand and forecast space utilization. Second, semi-automation could help adapt space layouts in near-to-real time, while optimizing users’ comfort and space efficiency. And three, society’s fast-moving evolution, including consumers’ behavior mutation, could timely leverage the disruptive potential of technologies. On this ground, we propose a revived architectural answer: The Synaptic Building. The Synaptic Building and our manifesto, rooted in the Metabolist tradition, positioning space flexibility as the corner-stone of the 21st century architectural practice.

然而,实现“建筑灵活性”是许多调查在过去的一个世纪中试图采取的挑战。从日本新陈代谢运动的早期阶段到当代建筑的正式灵活性,建筑师逐渐提出了空间可塑性的原则。但总的来说,他们宁愿将其转变成一种风格,而不是将其功能灵活性作为实际操作原则的最初目标。然而今天,独立于任何规律性的考虑,以算法和半自动化为动力的大数据的出现,可能使我们能够实现架构灵活性的承诺。有三个很好的理由相信它不再只是一个乌托邦的理想。第一,数据和分析可以使建筑环境更好地理解和预测空间利用率。其次,半自动化可以帮助近乎实时地调整空间布局,同时优化用户的舒适度和空间效率。三,社会的快速演变,包括消费者的行为变化,可以及时利用技术的破坏性潜力。在这个基础上,我们提出了一个复兴建筑的答案:突触建筑。突触建筑和我们的宣言源于代谢主义传统,将空间灵活性定位为21世纪建筑实践的基石。


The group manifesto’s Metabolism- The Proposals for New Urbanism- opens with the following statement:

“Metabolism is the name of the group, in which each member proposes further designs of our coming world through his concrete designs and illustrations.[…] The reason why we use such a biological word, metabolism, is that we believe design and technology should be a denotation of human society. We are not going to accept metabolism as a natural process, but try to encourage active metabolic development of our society through our proposals.” (1)

新陈代谢的集团宣言 - 新都市主义的建议 - 以下列声明开头:

“代谢是这个小组的名称,每个成员都通过他的具体设计和插图提出了我们即将到来的世界的进一步设计。我们之所以使用这样一个生物词,新陈代谢,是因为我们认为设计和技术应该成为人类社会的外延。我们不会接受新陈代谢作为自然过程,而是通过我们的建议鼓励我们社会的代谢活跃。“


He envisioned underground cities, floating buildings and an eternal space tomb for Albert Einstein worthy of the great physicist’s expansive intellect. With such grand designs, perhaps it’s not too surprising that the late Lebbeus Woods, one of the most influential conceptual architects ever to walk the earth, had only one of his wildly imaginative designs become a permanent structure.

作为运动的创始人Kikutake和Awazu,写下这些句子,他们的意图非常明确:日本的代谢日本运动在东京扎根于对技术和社会福利的某种信仰。主要有三个方面定义他们的愿景:对再生的深刻信仰,社会对建筑环境新陈代谢的重要性以及对技术进步的信心。代谢主义者为建筑环境重生的理想赋予了价值,并不断变化以适应社会的需求。他们利用模块化住房和新的生产工艺作为这些理想的载体。传统建筑方式无法维持代谢城市的发展。新陈代谢主义者没有依靠传统和木质建筑,而转向新的施工方法,比如钢筋混凝土。

(© Metabolism(S) Flexibility in the 21st Century,Stanislas Chaillou)


The ideal scheme of the metabolic building is derived from an analogy with biology and nature: a tree. The core, the vertical circulation and the serving functions would be hosted in a trunk-like megastructure, on to which prefabricated-habitation capsules would be added, and ultimately replaced. From the “trunk” (core) to the “branches” (units), concerns of function and lifespan are radically distinct: the core is long-lasting while the units are interchangeable. The core serves the units for access and structural support.

代谢建筑的理想方案来源于与生物学和自然的类比:一棵树。核心,垂直循环和服务功能将被托管在树干状的巨型结构中,预制的居住胶囊将被添加到该巨型结构中,并最终被替换。从“主干”(核心)到“分支”(单位),功能和使用寿命的关注是截然不同的:核心是持久的,而单元是可互换的。核心服务于访问和结构支持单位。

The Nagakin Capsule Tower, by Kisho Kurokawa best exemplifies the application of such a scheme. Built in 1972, the “Capsule Hotel” was an attempt by Kurokawa to align the Metabolist vision with the reality of construction. Using prefabricated units that would fit on transportation trucks Kurokawa erected in 30 days a residential tower, in the middle of the Shimbashi neighbor-hood, in Tokyo. The square concrete core was designed to host an elevator and a stair case, giving access successively to each capsule. Each one was self-contained and entirely prefabricated before being brought on-site.

日本黑川纪章的Nagakin Capsule Tower就是最好的例证。建于1972年的“胶囊酒店”是黑川试图将代谢主义者的愿景与建筑实际相结合的尝试。使用适合于运输卡车的预制单元在30天内在日本东京的新桥neighbor中居住的塔楼竖立了黑川。方形混凝土核心设计用于容纳一个电梯和一个楼梯箱,从而连续进入每个舱室。每一个都是独立的,完全预制后才被带到现场。

Their simple and industrial design aimed at facilitating mass-production in the long run. Structurally, every unit was individually attached as a cantilever to the core, so that individual-removal or future replacements overtime could be easily performed. Kurokawa’s hope was that the tower usage would change overtime, and that the units would be re-newed and replaced to adapt to this evolution.

他们的简单和工业设计旨在促进长期大规模生产。在结构上,每个单元都作为悬臂单独附着在核心上,因此可以轻松地执行个别移除或将来的替换加班。黑川希望塔楼的使用会随着时间的推移而改变,这些单元会被更新和替换以适应这种演变。

(© Metabolism(S) Flexibility in the 21st Century,Stanislas Chaillou)


The Japanese economic downturn of the early 1990’s, along with a lack of proper technical conception, prevented the Metabolists’ iconic landmarks from performing their intended objectives. No capsule was ever added to the Nagakin Tower or to the Shizuoka Broadcasting Tower. Kurokawa’s design, especially its structure, turned out to prevent individual capsule replacement. Overall, if the Metabolist aimed at space flexibility, the lack of technical conception along with a broader economic downturn, undermined their project viability and sustainability. Yet the echo of their radical ideal still resonates in contemporary architecture.

20世纪90年代初的日本经济衰退以及缺乏适当的技术观念,阻碍了代谢者的标志性地标实现其预期目标。Nagakin塔或静冈广播塔都没有胶囊。黑川的设计,特别是其结构,竟然阻止个别胶囊的更换。总的来说,如果代谢专家以空间灵活性为目标,缺乏技术构想以及更广泛的经济衰退,会破坏项目的可行性和可持续性。然而,他们的激进理想的回响仍然在当代建筑中引起共鸣。

(© Metabolism(S) Flexibility in the 21st Century,Stanislas Chaillou)


In 1995, SANAA was founded in Tokyo by Kazuyo Sejima and Ryue Nishizawa. Still today, the firm exemplifies the contemporary period of Japanese architecture. Far from the verticality of the Nagakin tower, the horizontality of SANAA’s projects seem at first to offer an entirely new perspective on Architecture. However, a closer look at the plans of SANAA’s buildings reveals a parallel with the Metabolist manifesto: a revival of the unit as a free element in space. The matrix has vanished, leaving room for a continuous space into which the units are laid out. The focus is now on the “in-between” conditions that the neighboring of units creates. The system does not envision growth or reconfiguration, but the serendipity of the plan suggests a very organic organization of spaces.

1995年,SANAA由Kazuyo Sejima和Ryue Nishizawa在东京创立。直到今天,该公司还是当代日本建筑的典范。远离了Nagakin塔的垂直方向,SANAA项目的水平性似乎首先为建筑提供了一个全新的视角。然而,仔细看看萨纳大楼的建筑图,就会发现与代谢主义者的宣言是平行的:这个单元作为空间自由元素的复兴。矩阵已经消失,留出空间供单位布置的连续空间使用。现在的重点是邻居单位创造的“中间”条件。该系统不设想增长或重新配置,但该计划的偶然性表明了一个非常有机的空间组织。

(© Metabolism(S) Flexibility in the 21st Century,Stanislas Chaillou)


The flexibility that SANAA offers at the Rolex Learning Center borrows significantly from Metabolist principles. The library, information desk, shops, and working “bubbles” are purposely misaligned with the column grid, to suggest the organicity of the scheme. The units’ geometry is also distinct. The space left for “in-between” conditions is vast, and leaves room for its ap-propriation by the users (the couch area, the café, etc.). As Eve Blau explains in her speech during SANAA’s Pritzker Ceremony in 2010: [SANAA’s designs] “result [in] typological indeterminacy of the spaces that allows for enormous flexibility of use.” But at the same time, the system is bounded, and not meant to grow. The Rolex Learning Center is closed by a permanent glass facade, while the units are fixed to the ground. The idea of organicity is translated in the style of the building, but not in its functionality.

SANAA在劳力士学习中心提供的灵活性极大地吸收了代谢学原理。图书馆,咨询台,商店和工作“泡沫”故意与列网格错位,以表明该计划的有机性。单位的几何形状也不同。留在“中间”条件下的空间是巨大的,为用户(沙发区,咖啡厅等)提供了空间。正如Eve Blau在2010年SANAA普利兹克仪式期间的讲话中所解释的:[SANAA的设计]“空间类型的不确定性导致了使用的巨大灵活性。”但是与此同时,系统是有界的,而不是意味着成长。劳力士学习中心由永久性玻璃幕墙关闭,而单元固定在地面上。

(© Metabolism(S) Flexibility in the 21st Century,Stanislas Chaillou)


He envisioned underground cities, floating buildings and an eternal space tomb for Albert Einstein worthy of the great physicist’s expansive intellect. With such grand designs, perhaps it’s not too surprising that the late Lebbeus Woods, one of the most influential conceptual architects ever to walk the earth, had only one of his wildly imaginative designs become a permanent structure.The architectural grammar of SANAA is quite symptomatic of the current blend existing in contemporary architecture between the Metabolist intuition and the public’s taste for open and flexible spaces. Although it is a clear step forward in terms of design, it is functionally a step back from the Metabolist’s ideal. The very idea of growth is ignored and no systems are embedded for facilitating future additions. While functional flexibility has taken a backseat to the aesthetic of space plasticity, the echo of the Metabolists still resonates today. The survival of Kikutake’s ideal, even if partial, is a springboard to revive metabolism in the 21th century.

SANAA的建筑语法与现代建筑中代谢主义者的直觉和公众对开放灵活空间的品味之间存在的当前混合相当相似。尽管它在设计方面向前迈进了一大步,但它在功能上远离代谢者理想的一步。增长的想法被忽略,没有任何系统被嵌入来促进未来的增加。虽然功能灵活性已经成为空间可塑性审美的后盾,但代谢论者的回声仍然在今天引起共鸣。Kikutake的理想的生存,即使是部分的,是在21世纪恢复新陈代谢的跳板。


II – Space flexibility, reconciling supply and demand

II - 空间灵活性,协调供求关系

At a time of deep societal changes and technological disruptions, space flexibility might be an answer to reconcile society’s need for increased space plasticity, and buildings’ ability to offer such resilience. The demand for adaptable spaces is on the rise, while the built environment’s supply of space remains too rigid. A deeper understanding of society’s aspirations, new working and consumption habits and a closer look at new paradigms brought by technological innovation will convince us that a transition towards a truly flexible built environment might be closer than we think.

在社会发生深刻变化和技术中断的时刻,空间灵活性可能是协调社会对增加空间可塑性的需求以及建筑物提供这种恢复力的能力的一个答案。对适应性空间的需求在增加,而建筑环境的空间供应仍然过于僵化。深入了解社会的愿望,新的工作和消费习惯以及仔细研究技术创新带来的新范式,将使我们相信,向真正灵活的建筑环境过渡可能比我们想象的要近。


A – An Expectation from Society

A - 来自社会的愿景

If functional flexibility may have faded out from contemporary architects’ concerns, the public is expecting more space plasticity, as lifestyles, work, and consumption evolve in American cities. To answer such an imperative, understanding the deeper aspirations of society is essential. Work and consumption are on the verge of profound changes, specifically in urban centers. The World Economic Forum (Davos 2017) as well as McKinsey Research are forecasting structural changes that will and are already affecting our built environment.

如果功能灵活性可能已经从当代建筑师的担忧中淡出,那么随着美国城市的生活方式,工作和消费的发展,公众期待更多的空间可塑性。要回答这个迫切需求,理解社会的更深层次的愿望是至关重要的。工作和消费正处于深刻变化的边缘,特别是在城市中心。世界经济论坛(Davos 2017)以及麦肯锡研究部正在预测结构性变化,这些变化将会影响我们的建筑环境。

Work

Our working environment is being vastly redefined today. Here is a breakdown of the main vectors of change in today’s society:

·Companies’ Hierarchical structures are being flattened

·Jobs are morphing into project-based activities, with shorter time frames.

·Remote workers enabled by communication technology, are off-loading the work place.

·Online platforms for job search enable seamless turnover and reemployment. (5)

·The community of workers is also now both a physical and virtual reality: online communities play a greater role in the work culture.


Work

工作

Our working environment is being vastly redefined today. Here is a breakdown of the main vectors of change in today’s society:

·Companies’ Hierarchical structures are being flattened

Jobs are morphing into project-based activities, with shorter time frames.

·Remote workers enabled by communication technology, are off-loading the work place.

·Online platforms for job search enable seamless turnover and reemployment. (5)

·The community of workers is also now both a physical and virtual reality: online communities play a greater role in the work culture.

我们的工作环境今天正在大大地重新定义。这是当今社会变革的主要载体的细分:

·公司的层级结构正在扁平化

·工作正在变成基于项目的活动,并缩短时间框架。

·通过通信技术启用的远程工作人员将卸下工作场所。

·在线平台搜索工作可实现无缝更新和再就业。

·现在,工作者社区既是物理现实也是虚拟现实:在线社区在工作文化中扮演着更重要的角色。

Those vectors are impacting the design of work spaces significantly:

·Dematerialization of the office and worker’s mobility: the dematerialization of wires into WIFI and broadband connection suppresses the desk or personal office into more nomadic work habit. Porosity of spaces, less compartmentalization of activities, but constant re-adaptation of the space.

·Traditional functions are being aggregated into:

·Open spaces for work

·Transparent and continuous communal spaces

·Enclosed meeting rooms

·Plasticity of space: space gets remodeled based on users’ behavior and needs

这些载体正在显着影响工作空间的设计:

·办公室和工作人员流动性的非物质化:将电线无法实现WIFI和宽带连接,将办公桌或个人办公室变成了更多的移动工作习惯。空间的空隙,活动的划分较少,但空间不断重新适应。

传统功能正在被汇集到:

·为工作开放空间

·透明和连续的公共空间

·封闭的会议室

·空间的可塑性:根据用户的行为和需求对空间进行改造。

(© Metabolism(S) Flexibility in the 21st Century,Stanislas Chaillou)


Consumption

消费

As a sign of the change happening in American cities today, the consumption patterns in urban centers are drastically evolving. A couple of key vectors are at play:

·A demographic shift, growth of baby boomers, Hispanics and millennials populations.

·Consumer used to highly personalized targeted marketing and experience

·Growing share of e-Commerce purchasing (7) around 18% per year

·Growing share of smartphone-enabled consumers (around 60% today) (8), with increasing share of mobile purchasing (15% in 2013!).

·Disintermediation: consumer tend to buy online directly from the manufacturer, bypassing shops and retailers.

…resulting in drastic change in the retail industry:

作为当今美国城市发生变化的一个标志,城市中心的消费模式正在急剧演变。一些关键的载体正在发挥作用:

·人口结构变化,婴儿潮一代(baby boomers),西班牙裔和千禧一代人群的增长。

·消费者习惯于高度个性化的目标营销和体验

·电子商务采购份额(7)每年增长约18%

·越来越多的智能手机消费者(今天约60%)(8),移动购买份额的增长(2013年为15%!)。

·非中介:消费者倾向于直接从制造商在线购买,绕过商店和零售商。

...导致零售业急剧变化:

·Less and smaller stores (9): Dramatic decrease of retail surfaces, under the pressure of e Commerce platforms. McKinsey forecasts a reduction by half of retail surfaces in US cities. They also noticed that newly opened stores are in average 25% smaller than 10 years ago. The result is a fragmentation of the retail space , geared towards customer engagement.

·Store as extension of a website: for pick up and returns of online orders. For instance, 50% of Wal-Mart’s sales were picked up in store in 2013.

·Customized stores (10): adapting to changing customer traffic patterns. Stores can analyze consumer behavioral data to adapt their store to usage patterns. For instance, Carrefour is using localization data of its customer in his shop to remodel monthly its shelves layout.

·Experiential stores: stores as a show-room for customer to engage with products, and interact with experts.

·Stores within a Store: Retails as third-party marketplaces.

·减少和更小的商店(9):在电子商务平台的压力下,零售面积大幅减少。麦肯锡预测美国城市零售面积减少一半。他们还注意到,新开的商店平均比10年前小25%。结果是零售空间分散,面向客户参与。

·作为网站的扩展存储:用于提取和返回在线订单。例如,2013年沃尔玛的销售额的50%在商店中被收回。

·定制商店(10):适应不断变化的客户流量模式。商店可以分析消费者行为数据以使其商店适应使用模式。例如,家乐福在其店内使用其客户的本地化数据,每月对其货架布局进行改造。

·体验式商店:商店作为客户与产品互动的展示厅,并与专家互动。

·商店内的商店:零售商作为第三方市场。

(© Metabolism(S) Flexibility in the 21st Century,Stanislas Chaillou)


Informing Flexibility

信息传递灵活性

The quantity of available information about cities has grown exponentially over the past 15 years. Public initiatives have fueled this paradigm shift. NYC’s open data platforms are a clear example of urban data becoming increasingly available. In just a few clicks, stakeholders are able to collect a vast amount of granular and clean datasets, aggregated at different geographical scales (building, block, neighborhood, city-scale), and timeframes (real-time, day, month, year). In fact, open data platforms, are today a worldwide standard.

The private sector is the other motor behind the recent surge in urban data production. Tech companies like Google and Baidu have taken up the challenge of mapping our built environment down to its most granular detail. From Google Indoor Maps (here on the right), describing the indoor floor plan of given buildings, to Google Popular Times, that quantifies the daily traffic in most public places and retails, Google offers today a granular map of cities’ pulse and gives us a glimpse at the future of our built environment.

在过去的15年里,有关城市的可用信息量呈指数级增长。公共倡议推动了这种模式转变。纽约市的开放数据平台是城市数据日益普及的一个明显例子。只需鼠标点击几下,利益相关者就能够收集大量粒度清晰的数据集,并按照不同的地理范围(建筑,街区,街区,城市规模)和时间范围(实时,日,月,年)进行汇总, 。事实上,开放数据平台如今已成为全球标准。

私营部门是近期城市数据产量激增背后的另一个动力。谷歌和百度等科技公司已经接受了将我们的构建环境映射到最细微的细节的挑战。从谷歌室内地图(这里在右侧)描述给定建筑物的室内平面图,到谷歌热门时报(Google热门时报),这些数据量化了大多数公共场所和零售商的日常流量,谷歌今天提供了一张城市脉冲的细化地图,并为我们瞥见我们建筑环境的未来。

(© Metabolism(S) Flexibility in the 21st Century,Stanislas Chaillou)


As urban data and our built environment’s digital footprint grows, the rise of machine learning and predictive modeling can inform the remodeling and reprogramming of flexible buildings. As demonstrated by WeWork, machine learning can be used to predict future space usage from stored user data. By using machine learning , WeWork is able to shape their offering ahead of time by anticipating clients’ needs and supplying the right mix of private offices and meeting room types. The predictive component of their methodology is here crucial: thanks to proper data collection and analysis, their R&D team is able to predict future space utilization, with a higher accuracy than standard designer’s rule-of-thumbs.

To evidence this claim, they let a group of designers choose the mix of rooms for a given floor plate, while assigning the same task to a similar team, advised by a machine learning algorithm, trained on previous space utilization logs. As a result, the mix proposed by the algorithm-enabled team offered a 40% better space utilization than the one achieved solely by the designer team, without any predictive analytics . More broadly, this methodology developed at WeWork could be scaled up too many other programs: retail, public spaces, cafes, etc. By understanding the mechanic of occupancy patterns through predictive models, cities’ stakeholders are suddenly able to tune spaces to increase their efficiency and relevance for the larger public.

随着城市数据和我们建筑环境的数字化足迹的增长,机器学习和预测建模的兴起可以为灵活建筑物的重塑和重新编程提供信息。正如WeWork所证明的那样,机器学习可以用来预测未来存储的用户数据的空间使用情况。通过使用机器学习,WeWork能够通过预测客户的需求并提供私人办公室和会议室类型的适当组合,提前调整他们的产品。他们的方法的预测部分是至关重要的:由于正确的数据收集和分析,他们的研发团队能够预测未来的空间利用率,比标准设计师的经验法则更高的准确性。

为了证明这一说法,他们让一组设计人员为给定的楼板选择混合房间,同时将相同的任务分配给类似的团队,并由机器学习算法提供建议,并对先前的空间利用率日志进行培训。因此,算法型团队提出的组合提供的空间利用率比仅由设计师团队完成的要好40%,而没有任何预测分析。更广泛地说,在WeWork开发的这种方法可以扩大太多的其他计划:零售,公共空间,咖啡馆等。通过预测模型了解占用模式的机制,城市的利益相关者突然能够调整空间以提高效率和更大的公众的相关性。

(© Metabolism(S) Flexibility in the 21st Century,Stanislas Chaillou)


From Insights to Movement

从洞察到运动

In theory, forecasting future traffic and occupancy to better adapt a building’s space layout is within today’s reach. Bitsence’s work (here on the right) offers us a good example of it (13). However, guaranteeing continuous flexible management of buildings is another challenge. Remodeling and reprogramming our built environment comes at a cost: from furniture, to utilities and structure, every component of the system must be adapted to handle and sustain constant change. A new set of building systems has to be put into place to support frequent remodeling and semi-automation might be a viable and affordable answer. Far from the dystopia of full-robotic automation, semi-automation offers to embed motors and robotic devices in building elements and appliances, to simplify and speed up space layout and modification.

From automatic furniture trolleys, to moving units, and automatic foldable furniture, facility managers can remove the hurdle of physical work to ease up and speed-up space layout transformations. In fact, open-space layout could benefit from best practices of other industries, such as, warehouse storage management. At Amazon warehouses, 45,000 robots are used to move around shelves units, as workers check the inventory of each shelf, and track packages. And if facility management is seen as a pure logistical challenge, then Amazon certainly could represent a best practice . As spaces are called to be more flexible and remodeled more often, the challenge for stakeholders will be to deal with faster space layout cycles. Semi-automation could support such a challenge and enable buildings to be remodeled more often to deliver more value, at accessible prices..

从理论上讲,预测未来的交通和占用情况,以更好地适应建筑物的空间布局,这在今天是可以实现的。“Bitsence”的工作(在右边)为我们提供了一个很好的例子。但是,保证建筑物的持续灵活管理是另一个挑战。改造和重新编程我们的建筑环境需要付出代价:从家具到公用设施和结构,系统的每个组成部分都必须适应处理和维持不断的变化。必须建立一套新的建筑系统来支持频繁的重建,而半自动化可能是一个可行且经济实惠的答案。半自动化远不能满足全机器人自动化的要求,因此可以将电机和机器人设备嵌入到建筑元件和设备中,以简化和加速空间布局和修改。

从自动家具手推车到移动装置以及自动折叠家具,设施管理人员可以消除物理工作障碍,缓解和加快空间布局转换。实际上,开放空间布局可以受益于其他行业的最佳实践,例如仓库存储管理。在亚马逊仓库,45,000台机器人用于在货架上移动,因为工人检查每个货架的库存并跟踪包裹。如果设施管理被视为纯粹的物流挑战,那么亚马逊当然可以代表最佳实践。随着空间被称为更加灵活和更经常改造,利益相关方的挑战将是处理更快的空间布局周期。半自动化可以支持这样的挑战,并且可以使建筑物更经常地改造以提供更多的价值,

(© Metabolism(S) Flexibility in the 21st Century,Stanislas Chaillou)


III – The Synaptic Building: Metabolism in the 21st Century

III - 突触建筑:21世纪的新陈代谢

Rooted in past Metabolist’s experiences, equipped with a robust understanding of current social evaluations, and enabled by new technological paradigms, our proposal offers a new prototype for a truly flexible building scheme. One that embraces societies’ expectations, and leverages technology’s disruptive potential. More than a mere design exercise, it is a manifesto: “The Synaptic Building: Metabolism in the 21st Century”.

根据过去的代谢者经验,对当前的社会评估有了充分的了解,并借助新技术范例,我们的提议为真正灵活的建筑方案提供了一个新原型。一个满足社会的期望,并利用技术的破坏性潜力。这不仅仅是一个设计练习,它是一个宣言:“突触建筑:21世纪的新陈代谢”。


The human neural network

人类的神经网络

The human neural network is at the center of current scientific explorations. Its structure is both flexible and malleable. Neurons can adapt to short term stimulus and long-term memory to layout a network of complex interactions. At the center of this biological phenomenon is the rich architecture of each single neurons, its ability to process information, as well as its capacity to work in a system to shape our cortex, over time.

The Synaptic Building offers a new definition of our built environment, as a synaptic network, mirroring the principles of the human neural network. The same way our cortex performs through the action of individual neurons, a building can be thought as a set of connected “units” (elementary cells of activity, ie a retail, an office, a kitchen), that migrate and evolve across the building floors. A new usage implies a new space layout, a new space layout results in new building performances and new performances inform the space layout.

人类神经网络是当前科学探索的中心。其结构既灵活又具有可塑性。神经元可以适应短期刺激和长期记忆来布置复杂的相互作用网络。这种生物现象的核心是每个单个神经元的丰富架构,处理信息的能力以及随着时间的推移其在系统中工作以塑造我们皮层的能力。

突触建筑为我们建造的环境提供了一个新的定义,作为一个反映人类神经网络原理的突触网络。与我们的皮质在单个神经元的作用下进行的方式一样,建筑物可以被认为是一组相连的“单元”(活动的基本单元,即零售店,办公室,厨房),它们在建筑物中迁移并进化地板。新的用法意味着新的空间布局,新的空间布局会带来新的建筑表现,新的表现会通知空间布局。

(© Metabolism(S) Flexibility in the 21st Century,Stanislas Chaillou)


The Synaptic Building typically would be at first five to six- stories high. Additional floors could be added later, allowing for vertical growth of the building. The structure, made of large steel vaults, is reduced to a minimal footprint, and merged with the vertical circulation to free up space as much as possible. A series of LED lights is spread across the ceiling, offering entirely controllable lighting conditions across each floor.

From retail and restaurant on the ground floor to co-working spaces on the upper floors, each plate is a radical free plan with few structural constraints, minimal impact on the vertical circulation, and adaptable lighting. Within these conditions, the “units”, or “cells” hosting the program are spread out in the space. These cells can then move “semi-automatically” thanks to motors in their lower plate. During the day the units can be easily moved around or folded to be stored to accommodate different usage. Once units are in place, automatic trolleys help the FM layout furniture.

突触建筑通常会有五到六层的高度。其他楼层可以稍后添加,以便建筑物的垂直增长。由大型钢拱顶构成的结构减少到最小的占地面积,并与垂直环流合并,尽可能释放空间。一系列LED灯分布在天花板上,为每层楼提供完全可控的照明条件。

从底层的零售店和餐厅到上层的协同工作空间,每块板都是一个激进的免费计划,几乎没有结构限制,对垂直流通的影响最小,并且适应性强。在这些条件下,托管该程序的“单元”或“细胞”分布在空间中。这些细胞随后可以通过其下部的电机“半自动”移动。在白天,单位可以很容易地移动或折叠储存以适应不同的使用情况。一旦单位到位,自动手推车将帮助FM布局家具。

(© Metabolism(S) Flexibility in the 21st Century,Stanislas Chaillou)


A Typical Day

典型的一天

During a normal day, the building goes through a series of stages, each one corresponding to a certain layout in the space of both units and furniture, accompany by specific lighting conditions. This “choreography”, or metabolism is the daily activity of the building. (16)

在正常的日子里,建筑物会经历一系列的阶段,每个阶段都对应于单元和家具的空间中的特定布局,伴随着特定的照明条件。这种“编舞”(choreography)或新陈代谢是建筑的日常活动。


10AM/上午十点 

As workers arrive and visitors come to the shops, the units are laid out in a grid like structure, to offer a simplicity of circulation, and optimize space usage. At the upper floors, in the co-working spaces: individual working spaces are located at the periphery, common working areas are pushed toward the center, while the kitchen and recreational spaces are secluded to the center of the plan, and under their most compact form.

随着工作人员到达和游客来到商店,这些单位被布置在类似结构的网格中,以提供简单的流通环节,并优化空间使用。在高层,在共同工作空间中:个人工作空间位于外围,普通工作区域被推向中心,而厨房和娱乐空间被隐藏到计划的中心,并且在他们最紧凑形成。

(© Metabolism(S) Flexibility in the 21st Century,Stanislas Chaillou)


12AM/上午十二点 

At Noon, the units of the ground floor spill out to the street, inviting the public inside. At the same time, by freeing the space inside, the facility manager can install more furniture (chair, tables) to welcome restaurants patrons. The ground floor is tuned into a food court for the next 2 hours while retails are pushed to the edge of the plan, to free as much space for the central recreational space that has grown in size.

在中午,底层的单位蔓延到街上,邀请观众参观。同时,通过释放内部空间,设施经理可以安装更多的家具(椅子,桌子),以迎接餐厅顾客。底层在接下来的2个小时内被调整为美食广场,零售店则被推到了平面的边缘,以便为中心的娱乐空间腾出足够的空间,以便扩大规模。

(© Metabolism(S) Flexibility in the 21st Century,Stanislas Chaillou)


7PM/下午七点 

Finally, at 7pm as the activity in the building decreases, and the retails close, the retail units are packed together, offering space for large restaurants. The deemed light of the LED ceiling offers a perfect atmosphere to welcome people through-out the evening.

最后,随着大厦活动的减少,以及零售业务关闭,零售单位将在晚上7点挤在一起,为大型餐厅提供空间。LED天花板的灯光提供了一个完美的氛围,欢迎晚上的人们光临。

(© Metabolism(S) Flexibility in the 21st Century,Stanislas Chaillou)


As opposed to the Metabolists, who did not truly foresee what would trigger their buildings’ evolution, the flexibility claimed here is informed by analysis of occupancy data collected all along the year. In a short-term perspective, this choreography of units and spatial layouts is controlled by the FM and the occupants. Every day, data on users is gathered by sensors and fed back to the system. Users can also give feedbacks online and partially control the building settings such as local lightning condition, heating, and furniture layout to better fit their immediate needs. In the meantime, the FM operates the building according to a schedule informed by users’ data, feedbacks, and short-term efficiency metrics.

与代谢论者相反,代谢者并没有真正预见到会引发他们建筑物发展的因素,这里声称的灵活性是通过分析全年收集的入住率数据得到的。从短期来看,这种单位和空间布局的编排由FM和居住者来控制。每天,用户数据都由传感器收集并反馈给系统。用户还可以在线提供反馈,并部分控制建筑物设置,如当地的灯光状况,供暖和家具布局,以更好地满足他们的直接需求。同时,FM根据用户数据,反馈和短期效率指标提供的时间表进行操作。

(© Metabolism(S) Flexibility in the 21st Century,Stanislas Chaillou)


Over the long term, hybrid teams of data scientists and designers will work to optimize the building’s “choreography”. Using monthly aggregated contextual and indoor data, they will soon be able to isolate and systematize usage trends, predict the future building’s needs, and users’ behavior. Using these outputs, future space layouts will be defined, and turned into space management schedules.

Flexibility happens in fact at different scales and paces in the Synaptic Building, from hourly furniture layout, down to monthly partition remodeling. To qualify the variety of cycles at play, we propose to use Stewart Brand’s framework, the “Shearing Layers of Change”. Brand proposes a diagram to sum up Frank Duffy’s idea that “building[s] properly conceived [are] several layers of longevity of built components.”. His framework identifies 5 groups of elements in buildings: the Structure, the Skin, the Services, the Space Plan and the Stuffs. Each group has its own lifecycle, constraints, properties and should be treated accordingly. Breaking down the Synaptic Building into these 5 groups, will help us understand their respective flexibility.

从长远来看,数据科学家和设计师的混合团队将努力优化大楼的“编排”。利用每月汇总的上下文和室内数据,他们很快就能够分离和系统化使用趋势,预测未来建筑物的需求以及用户的行为。使用这些输出,未来的空间布局将被定义,并转化为空间管理时间表。

从每小时的家具布局到每月的分区重构,突触建筑的灵活性在不同的尺度和步伐上都有体现。为了验证不同的周期在起作用,我们建议使用Stewart Brand的框架——“变化的剪切层”。布兰德提出了一个图表来总结弗兰克达菲(Frank Duffy)的观点:“正确构思的建筑是建筑部件的几层寿命。”他的框架确定了建筑中的5组元素:结构、外观、服务、空间计划和其他东西。每个组都有自己的生命周期、约束和属性,应该相应地加以处理。把突触结构分解成这5个组,可以帮助我们理解它们各自的灵活性。

(© Metabolism(S) Flexibility in the 21st Century,Stanislas Chaillou)


Structure

结构体

Starting with the Structure, the Synaptic Building learns from the Nagakin Tower’s downturn: no relationship of interdependence exists between the units and the structure. Laying out the units and moving them around is strictly independent from any structural concern. Although maintenance is required for this layer, it is not concerned by the type of space flexibility we want to address here.

从结构开始,突触建筑从Nagakin大厦的衰退中学习:单元和结构之间不存在相互依存关系。布置单位并移动它们完全独立于任何结构性问题。尽管此层需要维护,但它并不关心我们要在这里解决的空间灵活性类型。

(© Metabolism(S) Flexibility in the 21st Century,Stanislas Chaillou)


Skin

表皮

The Skin will provide enclosure and flexibility to the program. Constituted of modular foldable panels, the facade will be able to achieve both enclosure and porosity, to adapt to the units’ movement: opened when units spill out to the street at street level, closed at night to secure accesses.

该表皮将为该计划提供封闭和灵活性。由模块化折叠式面板构成的外墙将能够实现封闭和多孔性,以适应单元的运动:当单元向街道一侧溢出时,在夜间关闭以确保通行时打开。

(© Metabolism(S) Flexibility in the 21st Century,Stanislas Chaillou)


Space Plan

空间计划

The Space Plan, or layout of the units in the space, is where the Synaptic Building harvest its true potential: units are moving based on daily and monthly pre-defined cycles. Even though flexibility is here central, it is modulated depending on the program, and the function being considered. Total space plasticity is limited both technically (Services-dependent units), in terms of users’ comfort, and by programmatic needs. Services-dependent units like bathrooms or kitchen that need constant access to water pipes, are necessarily fixed in space. As permanent elements, they also represent common places, that act as landmarks for the community of users.

空间计划或空间中的单位布局是突触建筑收获其真正潜力的地方:单位正在根据每日和每月预定义周期进行移动。尽管灵活性在这里处于中心位置,但它依赖于程序和正在考虑的功能进行调整。总体空间可塑性在技术上(依赖于服务的单位)在用户舒适度方面以及按计划需求而言都是有限的。像卫生间或厨房这样的服务相关单位需要不断地接入水管,必须固定在太空中。作为永久性元素,它们也代表着共同的地方,它们充当用户社区的地标。

(© Metabolism(S) Flexibility in the 21st Century,Stanislas Chaillou)


Services

服务

The Services, as defined by Brand, include all the networks and wiring of the building (HVAC, outlets, lighting, etc). They support the Space Plan and insure (or secure) its viability. For both reasons of costs and practicality, services will not be adapted constantly, but rather will be fixed and disseminated evenly to be able to support any kind of space layout.

由品牌定义的服务包括建筑物的所有网络和布线(HVAC,插座,照明等)。他们支持空间计划并确保(或保障)其可行性。由于成本和实用性两方面的原因,服务将不会不断调整,而是会被固定和均匀地传播,以支持任何类型的空间布局。

(© Metabolism(S) Flexibility in the 21st Century,Stanislas Chaillou)


Stuff and Semi Automation

物品和半自动化

As the units move, so should the furniture or Stuffs. Chairs, desks, couches and arm chairs follow the cycle of the moving units and are laid out to “fill” units and gaps between them, therefore defining space’s functions. The increase cycle speed can be handled by the FM due to foldable furniture, and semi-automated furniture trolleys, that minimize the physical work. Given that units carry robotic motors in their lower plate, they can be moved around faster and easier than traditional partitions.

Within the Synaptic Building, we therefore manage to curate different level of flexibility, to balance space plasticity and permanence across the building.

当单位移动时,家具或东西也应该移动。椅子,书桌,沙发和扶手椅沿着移动单元的周期,布置成“填充”它们之间的单元和间隙,从而定义空间的功能。由于可折叠家具和半自动家具手推车,可以通过处理增加周期速度,从而最大限度地减少物理工作。由于这些装置在其下部安装了机器人电机,所以它们可以比传统的分区更快,更容易移动。

在突触大楼内,我们因此设法策划不同程度的灵活性,以平衡整个建筑物的空间可塑性和持久性。

(© Metabolism(S) Flexibility in the 21st Century,Stanislas Chaillou)


A synaptic built environment is not the mere reflection of current trends, but a radical proposal for the future of cities, grounded in long term societal and technological changes.

First of all, our proposal addresses the demographic shift of our century. The accelerating densification of urban centers is increasing real estate prices, putting pressure on rental markets. This reality, correlated to the space utilization inefficiency of current buildings, makes the synaptic definition more relevant than ever.

Then, the states of technological innovation enable us to achieve true flexibility. On the construction and operation side, modularity and semi-automation enable the production of low-cost mass-produced buildings, and their operation at always more competitive costs. Also, from an information standpoint, the availability and aggregation of spatial-data allows stakeholders to understand and predict users’ activity in buildings at more granular level; a brand-new opportunity to eventually inform space’s design, and remodeling.

Finally, and perhaps more fundamentally, the true disruption at stake in the Synaptic Building, is the birth of new field: time-based building design. Aside from the pure constructive reality of a building, the architect is invited to understand, predict and eventually design the activities the program is expected to host. By working within a hybrid team of sociologists, anthropologists and data scientists, architects will soon have to surpass their current set of skills to understand the future users’ behavioral patterns and cycles and adapt their building conception accordingly. In other words, rather than delivering a building as a finished product, the architect will have to define the ongoing “choreography” of each floor plate over time and assist the owner to define the future of his building metabolism.

From the form to the function, it is a quantum leap for the profession of architecture that turns upside down the definition of space design and redefines the very essence of the profession.

突触建筑环境并不仅仅是当前趋势的反映,而是对城市未来的激进建议,其基础是长期的社会和技术变革。

首先,我们的建议是针对本世纪的人口转变。城市中心的加速致密化正在增加房地产价格,给租赁市场带来压力。这一现实与当前建筑物的空间利用效率低下相关,使得突触定义比以往任何时候都更具相关性。

那么,技术创新的状态使我们能够实现真正的灵活性。在建筑和运营方面,模块化和半自动化能够生产低成本的大规模生产建筑,并且其运营成本始终更具竞争力。此外,从信息的角度来看,空间数据的可用性和聚合性使得利益相关者能够更细致地了解和预测用户在建筑物中的活动; 一个全新的机会,最终通知空间的设计和重塑。

最后,或许更根本的是,新立大厦的真正破坏是新领域的诞生:基于时间的建筑设计。除了建筑物纯粹的建设性现实之外,还邀请建筑师了解,预测并最终设计该计划预计将举办的活动。通过在一个由社会学家,人类学家和数据科学家组成的混合团队中工作,建筑师很快将不得不超越他们目前的技能来理解未来用户的行为模式和周期,并相应地调整他们的建筑概念。换句话说,建筑师不是将建筑物作为成品交付,而是必须定义每个楼板的持续“编舞”(choreography)并协助业主确定其建筑物新陈代谢的未来。

从形式到功能,这是建筑专业的一次重大飞跃,颠覆了空间设计的定义,重新定义了专业的本质。


More/更多

http://stanislaschaillou.com/citx/

http://stanislaschaillou.com/suggestive-cad/)


Reader/相关阅读

“香港登陆”-MAPOffice│Archi

The Kanda Mountain 神田山│Archi

临时城市主义 -Kig Veerasunthorn & Stephanie Tager│Archi


推荐/斯坦利 翻译/瓦力 校对/斯坦利 编辑/托塔天王


这是悬浮映画,人类一场想象力的遥远旅行谢谢你关注悬浮映画,这是一个不定时分享概念建筑,艺术,艺术家声音的微信号,最后提醒一下:这个公众号还不太正经。

(对不起,今天没有动图。)


继续滑动看下一个
悬浮映画
向上滑动看下一个

您可能也对以下帖子感兴趣

文章有问题?点此查看未经处理的缓存