PAM在线 x 蒋方舟 | 明崇祯《吴骚合编》；明初《朱高煦拟古十九首》，周小英题跋

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“风景与书”展览现场

明崇祯《吴骚合编》

张楚叔（撰），张旭初（选编） 

听蒋方舟讲述

明代流行听什么样的词曲呢？通过晚明杭州人张楚叔、张旭初兄弟合编的《吴骚合集》大约可以窥见一二。书名“吴骚”，是以昆曲上承楚骚之意。所谓“合集”，此书是一部选本精密的散曲集，从明万历四十二年（1614）初始刊印的曲选《吴骚一集》，及后续《吴骚二集》《吴骚三集》中汰去冗余，补入新声而成。编者之一张楚叔，名琦，号骚隐居士，又号白雪斋主人，武林（杭州旧时别称）人，精于词曲。此次展出的刻本为崇祯十年（1637）武林张氏白雪斋刊，半叶九行，行二十字，白口，白鱼尾。

《吴骚合编》展出现场，张楚叔（撰）、张旭初（选编）

明崇祯，武林张氏白雪斋刻本，纸本水墨

27.1 × 19.5 cm

据传当年为一本崇祯年间的《吴骚合编》刻本，郑振铎和一个盐商争得不可开交，最终空手而归。后来还是黄裳用几辆三轮车的明清刻本换得，成为轰动上海滩的传奇。

明崇祯刻本《吴骚合编》

《吴骚合集》主要选录当时的昆腔南曲，其编选标准反映了昆曲流行后，明代散曲崇尚丽词、音律的风气，以审调谐声、合谱依韵为主，专录幽期欢会、惜别伤离之作。入选作品多来自梁辰鱼、王骥德等戏曲名家，按宫调排列次序，各曲后常附编者评语，或引用冯梦龙、沈自晋等名家评述。因其辨订牌调，校正板式，比一般选本更为精密。

《吴骚合编》内页版画

此外，书内附有武林、徽州刻工所制版画插图若干，刊刻水平实为一时翘楚。其插图线条细腻绵密，技法古雅，描绘意境闲适华丽，将人物容于山水名胜之间，有武林版画特色。构图善于运用对幅跨页，排布水榭亭台、山石垂柳等景观，以此突显戏曲中的人物情节。刻工有武林项南洲、歙县汪成甫等人，项南洲代表浙杭一派，汪成甫则为徽派。其中项南洲与此书编者同为杭州人，崇祯年间极为著名，刻工细腻多变，为明末武林版画代表人物之一。

《吴骚合编》展出现场

Collection of Wu Sao

Written by ZhangChushu, edited by Zhang Xuchu

English version

The exhibit, Collection of Wu Sao, was compiled by the brothers Zhang Chushu and Zhang Xuchu from Hangzhou in the late Ming Dynasty. The book was a compilation of the compilers’ First Collection of Wu Sao, Second Collection of Wu Sao and Third Collection of Wu Sao. The first collection was published in the 42nd year of Wanli in Ming (1614) and received enthusiastic welcome, hence came the two sequels. The compilers further revised the three collections later and recompiled all the contents therein as the exhibited book. It was published by Zhang’s Baixue Zhai in Hangzhou in the 10th year of Chongzhen Reign (1637).

Collection of Wu Sao, written by Zhang Chushu, edited by Zhang Xuchu

Chongzhen Reign in Ming Dynasty

Woodblock print by Zhang's Baixue Zhai in Wu Lin

 Ink on paper

27.1 × 19.5 cm

The so-called “Wu Sao” means that the songs were offsprings of Chu Sao — the book recorded mostly folk songs in Southern China. The book emphasized the rhythmic and metric aspects of the songs, while the contents are mainly about love affairs. The selected authors were mostly those of Nan Qu, appended with comments of famous Nan Qu composers. The prologue sorted the songs according to their musical modes, investigated their tempos in a rather strict way.

Collection of Wu Sao

There are also some illustrations in the book with fine lines and traditional style, a feature of woodcuts in Hangzhou. The illustrators included Xiang Nanzhou from Hangzhou and Wang Chengfu from ShexianCounty, etc. Xiang was also born in Hangzhou, the same as the compilers, and produced a large number of woodcuts. He was fairly famous at the time and was a representative figure of woodcuts of Hangzhou in late Ming.

曾轰动上海滩的明崇祯刻本《吴骚合集》在“风景与书：明珠美术馆两周年庆典展”对公众展出一日后，代以明初刻本《朱高煦拟古十九首》，记载明成祖次子朱高煦的传世诗作，亦是珍罕佳作。

《朱高煦拟古十九首》展出现场，朱高熙（撰），左侧为周小英另纸题跋

明代，明初刻本，纸本水墨

32 x 40.2 cm

明初《朱高煦拟古十九首》

朱高熙（撰），周小英（题跋）

此为某书之残叶，书名卷次均不可知，以十九首诗中，尚有六首传世，始知作者为明初贵胄朱高煦。书半叶七行，行十六字，细黑口，黑鱼尾，开版疏朗，墨色匀净，字口清晰，字体有赵孟頫笔意。

明初刻本《朱高煦拟古十九首》

朱高煦（1380—1426）为明成祖次子，封汉王。其兄朱高炽（1378—1425）为明仁宗，在位不及一年而逝；其侄朱瞻基（1399—1435）继位，为明宣宗。宣宗元年，朱高煦谋反，兵败被捕，后遭极刑处死。其著作不传或与此有关。

周小英为《朱高煦拟古十九首》所书题跋

周小英题跋录文

此为永乐帝次子朱高煦之诗，大字精写，秀丽圆湛，帘纹二纸，墨色匀雅，乃赵体字刊书绝佳之作，当刻于明初，但不知为何书之零叶散落人间，或孤本一片也。朱高煦拟古诗，传世六首，此作十九首，知其诗多佚也。文献纷纶，书册隐暧，有类于此。令人有广陵秋风之叹。周小英记。

《朱高煦拟古十九首》孤页展出现场

范景中谈《朱高煦拟古十九首》

此次在“风景与书：明珠美术馆两周年庆典展”上展出的明初刻本《朱高煦拟古十九首》仅存一张残页，全书是什么样子我们不知道，能看到这页的左右两角都缺了。此页开头题为“拟古十九首”，有两首诗，我们通过诗歌可以查出作者是朱元璋的孙子朱高煦。朱高煦是很能打仗的人，也很能惹麻烦，尽管出身高贵最后结局却很凄惨。他的诗现存六首，然而通过“拟古十九首”这个题目，我们才知道应该是十九首诗。而且这部书刊刻精美，用的是赵孟頫的字体，是赵体字刻书的代表之一。此次“风景与书”展出了一些宋版书的孤页，不要以为它只是孤零零的一张就忽略了，有几种页子都是孤品，比如这部《朱高煦拟古十九首》就是明代初年的本子，也是一件孤品，很有意思！

（节选自2020年1月18日范景中教授于明珠美术馆·心厅举办的“风景与书”展览开幕讲座）

“风景与书”展览现场

Nineteen Poems by Zhu Gaoxu ImitatingAncient Works

Written by Zhu Gaoxu, postscript by Zhou Xiaoying

The exhibit is a surviving leaf from some book whose title and volume number can not be known now. Since six of the nineteen poems are known today, the author can be confirmed as Zhu Gaoxu, a royal prince in the early Ming Dynasty. The leaf was well printed with the font similar to the calligraphy of Zhao Mengfu.

Nineteen Poemsby Zhu Gaoxu Imitating Ancient Works, written by Zhu Gaoxu, postscript by Zhou Xiaoying

Ming Dynasty, Woodblock print in Ming Dynasty, Ink on paper

32 x 40.2 cm

Zhu Gaoxu (1380-1426) was the second son of Cheng Zu of Ming and was granted the title of Prince of Han. His elder brother Zhu Gaochi (1378-1425) became the next emperor, i.e. Ren Zong of Ming, but died less than one year later. Then Gaochi’s son Zhu Zhanji (1399-1435) inherited the post as Xuan Zongof Ming. In the 1st year of Xuan Zong, Zhu Gaoxu led a rebellion but was defeated, arrested and finally executed. Maybe this is the reason that his works seldom survived.

PAM在线|“风景与书”作品赏析，将持续推出以下内容，敬请期待：

06明崇祯《吴骚合编》；明初《朱高煦拟古十九首》，周小英题跋

07清乾隆《冬心先生画竹题记》，周小英题跋

08明万历《马湘兰致王百穀手札卷》；珂罗版《马湘兰信札》，周小英题跋

09清嘉庆《柳如是像》，周小英题跋

10晚清《柳如是遗集》，周小英题跋

11民国《薛素素小像》，周小英题跋

12民国《寇白门小像》，周小英题跋

13张充和《集古梅花诗》，周小英题跋

14《勘书图》，邵仄炯、蒙中、王素柳（画），周小英题跋

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明珠美术馆（Pearl Art Museum）是一座面向21世纪的美术馆，由上海新华发行集团与红星美凯龙家居集团合作创建，旨在“以艺术点亮生活”，通过“全链接”的工作方式，汇聚全球一流艺术与创意资源，以打造“无墙的美术馆”与“流动的艺术学院”为理想，用艺术与文化为城市赋能。

关于PAM在线

明珠美术馆已全面启动“PAM在线|”品牌项目建设，自2020年2月2日起每天更新分享高质量有生趣的新媒体文艺内容，始终以创建“无墙的美术馆、流动的艺术学院”为理想，力争在抗击疫情的特殊时期发挥其独特的文化艺术与公益力量。