四分钟带你了解“一带一路”！相关翻译术语学起来！
大家好，我是M君，一个集经验
与才华于一身的良心小编。
“春秋多佳日，登高赋新诗。”在这春意盎然的美好时节，来自150多个国家和90多个国际组织的各界嘉宾相聚北京，第二届“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛开启大幕。国家主席习近平出席高峰论坛开幕式并发表主旨演讲，系统总结近6年来共建“一带一路”取得的丰硕成果，指明共建“一带一路”沿着高质量发展方向不断前进的实践路径，宣示了新时代中国深化改革开放的坚定决心和务实举措，为“一带一路”建设从“大写意”迈向“工笔画”注入了强大推动力。
那么，你了解“一带一路”吗？该如何用英文向外国人介绍“一带一路”？请看如下视频↓↓↓
简单来说，“一带一路”有两条主线。一条走陆路，一条走海上。陆上的被称为“丝绸之路经济带”；海上的则是“21世纪海上丝绸之路”。这一“带”和一“路”贯穿亚欧非三大陆，目的是让“一带一路”参与国家实现互联互通，让大家有钱一起赚。
如何实现有钱一起赚呢？有句中国俗话说得好：“要想富，先修路”，而“一带一路”的重要合作领域恰恰便是发展参与国家的基础设施，比如，巴基斯坦卡拉奇至拉合尔高速公路、印尼雅万高铁、德黑兰至马什哈德高铁、中国至老挝铁路，以及巴基斯坦瓜达尔港、希腊比雷埃夫斯港和斯里兰卡汉班托塔港等。但铁路、港口建设等只是“一带一路”的一部分共建项目，除了基建外，“一带一路”还为参与国家间的文化交流、资金往来和政策沟通等提供一个广阔的平台。
总之，“一带一路”是一张美好蓝图、一个宏大愿景，更是一个务实合作大蛋糕。而中国和参与国家共同描绘这张蓝图、实现这一愿景、做大这个蛋糕。
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), first proposed by Chinese President Xi Jinping in 2013, has evolved into a transcontinental trade and infrastructure network, covering the Eurasian continent, Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, and the South Pacific region.
How much do you know about the BRI and The Belt and Road Forum (BRF) for International Cooperation?
What is the 'Belt' and 'Road'?
Made up of an overland "belt" (the Silk Road Economic Belt) spanning Central and Southern Asia and Europe, and a maritime "road" (the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road) of shipping lanes reaching all the way to Africa and the Mediterranean, the BRI aims to boost economic prosperity through international cooperation on a scale never seen before.
Its reach extends to some 4.4 billion people, around 65 percent of the world's population.
From 'Silk Road' to 'Belt and Road'
Modern and groundbreaking in its global outlook, the Belt and Road is actually deeply rooted in history, with the ancient "Silk Road" dating back more than 2,500 years, when camel trains transported everything from spices to silk between East and West.
Today those camels have been replaced by thousands of planes, trains and ships, with trade volume between China and its Belt and Road partners hitting six trillion U.S. dollars over the past five years.
Trains can now travel 12,000 kilometers from Yiwu to London faster than ships, while the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor is literally lighting up the region, with green energy projects putting an end to decades of blackouts.
What is Belt and Road Forum?
The BRF provides forums and meetings for thousands of delegates from all around the world to discuss progress and moving forward.
In 2017, the first-ever BRF was held in Beijing. Twenty-nine national leaders and more than 1,600 participants attended that event.
The second forum will take place in Beijing again, on April 25-27. This time, there will be more participants than the first edition, with 37 national leaders and some 5,000 delegates from over 150 countries and 90 international organizations expected to attend.
This year's forum follows the theme "Belt and Road cooperation shaping a brighter shared future," and will see a conference organized especially for the BRI business community.
The 2019 forum will be a chance to take stock of the initiative five years on and lay out a new road map for the coming years.
“一带一路”是“丝绸之路经济带”和“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的简称。2013年9月和10月，中国国家主席习近平出访中亚和东南亚时，分别提出了与相关国家共同建设“丝绸之路经济带”和“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的倡议。该倡议以实现“政策沟通、设施联通、贸易畅通、资金融通、民心相通”为主要内容，以共商、共建、共享为原则，实实在在地造福沿线国家和人民。“一带一路”主要涵盖东亚、东南亚、南亚、西亚、中亚和中东欧等国家和地区。“一带一路”建设符合有关各方共同利益，顺应地区和全球合作潮流，得到了沿线国家的积极响应。截止到2016年底，已有100多个国家和国际、地区组织表达了支持和参与“一带一路”建设的积极意愿，40多个国家和国际组织与中国签署了共建“一带一路”政府间合作协议。
Belt and Road Initiative – China's proposal to build a Silk Road Economic Belt and a 21st Century Maritime Silk Road in cooperation with related countries – was unveiled by Chinese President Xi Jinping during his visits to Central and Southeast Asia in September and October 2013. The initiative focuses on promoting policy coordination, connectivity of infrastructure and facilities, unimpeded trade, financial integration, and strengthened people-to-people ties through a consultative process and joint efforts, with the goal of bringing benefits to all. The initiative covers primarily East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, West Asia, Central Asia, and Central and Eastern Europe. It reflects a convergence of interests and an increasing need for regional and global cooperation. The response from countries along the proposed Belt and Road has been enthusiastic. By the end of 2016 over 100 countries and international and regional organizations had expressed an interest in participating, and more than 40 of them had signed cooperation agreements with China.
2100多年前，中国汉代的张骞两次出使中亚，开启了中国同中亚各国友好交往的大门，开辟出一条横贯东西、连接欧亚的丝绸之路。千百年来，在这条古老的丝绸之路上，各国人民共同谱写出千古传诵的友好篇章。为了使欧亚各国经济联系更加紧密、相互合作更加深入、发展空间更加广阔，2013年9月7日，习近平主席在哈萨克斯坦纳扎尔巴耶夫大学发表演讲时提出，用创新的合作模式，共同建设“丝绸之路经济带”，以点带面，从线到片，逐步形成区域大合作。丝绸之路经济带东边牵着亚太经济圈，西边系着发达的欧洲经济圈，被认为是“世界上最长、最具有发展潜力的经济大走廊”。
The Silk Road first emerged more than 2,100 years ago during the Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 24) after China's imperial envoy Zhang Qian twice visited Central Asia. It became a bridge between East and West, opening the door to friendly engagement between China and Central Asia. For two millennia, countless tales of everlasting friendship between peoples have been woven into this ancient network. In a speech at Kazakhstan's Nazarbayev University on September 7, 2013, President Xi Jinping proposed building a new Silk Road Economic Belt to expand Eurasian economic cooperation. An innovative cooperative approach was outlined, starting with individual projects that are expected to help spur larger-scale regional cooperative development. The proposed economic belt is considered the longest economic corridor in the world – and potentially the most dynamic – connecting the Asia-Pacific region in the East with developed European economies in the West.
自秦汉时期开通以来，海上丝绸之路一直是沟通东西方经济文化交流的重要桥梁。东南亚地区自古以来就是海上丝绸之路的重要枢纽和组成部分。在中国与东盟建立战略伙伴十周年之际，为了进一步加强双方的海上合作，发展双方的海洋合作伙伴关系，构建更加紧密的命运共同体，2013年10月3日，习近平主席在印度尼西亚国会发表演讲时提出，共同建设“21世纪海上丝绸之路”。21世纪海上丝绸之路的战略合作伙伴并不仅限与东盟，而是以点带线，以线带面，串起连通东盟、南亚、西亚、北非、欧洲等各大经济板块的市场链，发展面向南海、太平洋和印度洋的战略合作经济带。
Formed during the Qin and Han Dynasties (221 BC-AD 220), the Maritime Silk Road has always played an important role in economic and cultural exchanges between East and West. And Southeast Asia has always been a nexus of this interaction. On the occasion of the 10th Anniversary of the China-ASEAN Strategic Partnership, President Xi Jinping proposed jointly building a 21st Century Maritime Silk Road in his speech to the Indonesian parliament on October 3, 2013. The initiative aims to boost China-ASEAN maritime cooperation and forge closer ties in a community with a shared future. It calls for joint efforts across the region and beyond. Starting with the launch of individual projects that are expected to help spur a wider range of cooperative activities, it envisions a network of interconnected markets linking the ASEAN, South Asia, West Asia, North Africa, and Europe, and a strategic partnership for the South China Sea and the Pacific and Indian oceans.
丝路精神：Spirit of the Silk Road
丝绸之路不仅是商业通道，更重要的是它所承载的丝路精神。丝绸之路作为人文社会的交往平台，多民族、多种族、多宗教、多文化在此交汇融合，在长期交往过程中，各国之间形成了“团结互信、平等互利、包容互鉴、合作共赢，不同种族、不同信仰、不同文化背景的国家可以共享和平，共同发展”的丝路精神。这一精神，也是现代国际社会交往的最基本原则之一。
More than just a trade route, the Silk Road has been a platform for people-to-people and cultural exchanges, where ethnic, racial, religious and cultural convergence takes place. Throughout the millennia, interaction along this route has shaped the Silk Road spirit, which is embodied in solidarity and mutual trust, equality and mutual benefit, inclusiveness, a disposition to learn from each other, and cooperation in finding win-win solutions. Underpinning the Silk Road spirit is the understanding that countries with different dominant ethnic groups and different religious and cultural traditions can work together to achieve peace and shared prosperity. Such an understanding also informs one of the fundamental principles of international interaction today.
推进“一带一路”建设工作领导小组：Steering Group for Belt and Road Initiative
“一带一路”建设是一项宏大系统工程，仅在中国国内，它所涉及的政府机构、企业和社会组织就非常广泛，“一带一路”建设的很多项目跨越时间也很长，因此需要加强组织和领导，统筹做好各方面的工作。为此，中国政府专门成立了推进“一带一路”建设工作领导小组，负责审议“一带一路”建设工作的重大规划、政策、项目和相关问题，指导和协调落实“一带一路”合作倡议。该领导小组组长由中共中央政治局常委、国务院副总理张高丽担任。外交部、商务部等是该小组的成员单位。该小组办公室设在国家发展改革委员会，具体承担领导小组日常工作。此外，在中国的相关部委和省（自治区、直辖市）政府层面，也成立了推进“一带一路”建设工作领导小组，一般是由相关部委和省（自治区、直辖市）主要领导担任负责人。
Implementing Belt and Road Initiative is a massive undertaking. Domestically, it involves a wide range of government agencies, businesses and civil society organizations. Many projects are likely to extend over years. Integrated planning and guidance are essential. A steering group for Belt and Road Initiative has thus been established at the national level to study important issues related to planning, policy, and projects, and to provide guidance and coordination in the implementation of the initiative. Headed by Vice Premier Zhang Gaoli, who is also a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, the group consists of representatives from relevant government agencies including Foreign Ministry and Commerce Ministry. The secretariat of the steering group, which is placed under the National Development and Reform Commission, is responsible for the day-to-day work of the group. Ministerial and provincial level steering groups have also been established, each headed by a key member of the leadership team of the ministry or province (autonomous region and municipality) concerned.
《推动共建丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路的愿景与行动》Joining Hands to Build a Silk Road Economic Belt and a 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road – Vision and Actions
2015年3月28日，《推动共建丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路的愿景与行动》白皮书在博鳌亚洲论坛上正式发布。这份官方文件得到国务院授权，由国家发展改革委员会、外交部和商务部共同编写。该文件简明扼要地阐述了“一带一路”倡议的背景、原则、框架思想、合作重点与机制等。文件强调，“一带一路”建设坚持共商、共建、共享原则，以实现政策沟通、设施联通、贸易畅通、资金融通、民心相通为主要内容。“一带一路”建设始终秉持开放包容、互利共赢的理念，不是中国一家独奏，而是沿线国家的大合唱。此外，白皮书还就中国新疆、福建等相关省区在“一带一路”建设中的角色定位进行了介绍。这份文件在制定过程中，充分听取了“一带一路”沿线国家和相关国际组织的建议，也吸收了中国国内各界人士的意见，是集聚各方智慧的成果。当然，这份白皮书仅是针对“一带一路”提出了方向性、框架性、意向性的设计，未来中国还将与“一带一路”的相关参与方进一步完善和细化。
At the Boao Forum for Asia on March 28, 2015, a white paper entitled Joining Hands to Build a Silk Road Economic Belt and a 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road – Vision and Actions was issued by China's National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Ministry of Commerce, with the authorization of the State Council. The document explains the background of the initiative, and outlines its guiding principles and broad objectives, and the priority areas and mechanisms for cooperation. It emphasizes the need for joint efforts through consultation to bring benefits to all, and calls for policy coordination, infrastructure connectivity, unimpeded trade, financial integration, and strengthen people-to-people ties. Also highlighted is the inclusive approach to building the Belt and Road, with a focus on finding win-win solutions – achieving success requires the collaboration of the countries along the proposed routes rather than a solo performance by China. The white paper goes on to illustrate the specific roles that can be played by China's autonomous regions and provinces like Xinjiang and Fujian in implementing the initiative. The compilation of this white paper was a participatory process. Comments and suggestions were sought from the countries along the proposed routes and interested international organizations, as well as from various quarters in China. The document focuses only on the general direction, broad guidelines and objectives of Belt and Road Initiative. Further details will be discussed by China and its partners.
“五通”：A five-pronged approach
2013年9月7日，习近平主席在哈萨克斯坦纳扎尔巴耶夫大学发表演讲，首次提出加强政策沟通、道路联通、贸易畅通、货币流通、民心相通，共同建设“丝绸之路经济带”的战略倡议。2015年3月28日，中国政府在博鳌亚洲论坛2015年年会期间正式发布《推动共建丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路的愿景与行动》，提出要以“政策沟通、设施联通、贸易畅通、资金融通、民心相通”（简称“五通”）为主要内容，打造“一带一路”沿线国家政治互信、经济融合、文化互容的利益共同体、责任共同体和命运共同体。在“一带一路”建设全面推进过程中，“五通”既相互独立，在不同时间阶段各有重点，也是统一整体，需要相互促进、不可分割。
In his speech at Kazakhstan's Nazarbayev University on September 7, 2013, President Xi Jinping proposed building a new Silk Road Economic Belt by promoting policy coordination, road connectivity, unimpeded trade, currency convertibility, and strengthened people-to-people ties. At the Boao Forum for Asia on March 28, 2015, the Chinese government issued a white paper entitled Joining Hands to Build a Silk Road Economic Belt and a 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road – Vision and Actions. This document also calls for policy coordination, infrastructure connectivity, unimpeded trade, financial integration, and strengthened people-to-people ties (a five-pronged approach), so as to build a community of shared interests and responsibility and with a shared future on the basis of mutual trust, economic integration and cultural inclusiveness. While the five components of this approach are distinct from one another and will have a shifting focus at different stages in building the Belt and Road, they form an integrated whole, and are inseparable and mutually reinforcing.
新亚欧大陆桥：New Eurasian Land Bridge
新亚欧大陆桥是相对“西伯利亚大陆桥”（从俄罗斯东部沿海的迪沃斯托克出发，横穿西伯利亚大铁路通向莫斯科，然后通向欧洲各国）而言的，又名“第二亚欧大陆桥”，东起江苏连云港、山东日照等中国沿海港口城市，西至荷兰鹿特丹、比利时安特卫普等欧洲口岸，途经哈萨克斯坦、俄罗斯、白俄罗斯、波兰、德国等，全长约10800公里，辐射世界30多个国家和地区，是横跨亚欧两大洲，连接太平洋和大西洋的国际大通道。
The New Eurasian Land Bridge (NELB) is an international passageway linking the Pacific and the Atlantic. As distinct from the Siberian Landbridge, which goes from Russia's eastern port of Vladivostok through Siberia to Moscow and onward to West European countries, this “second” bridge goes from China's coastal cities of Lianyungang and Rizhao to Holland's Rotterdam and Belgium's Antwerp. The 10,800-kilometer-long rail link runs through Kazakhstan, Russia, Belarus, Poland and Germany, and serves more than 30 countries and regions.
20世纪90年代初，新亚欧大陆桥初步开通。“一带一路”有力推动了新亚欧大陆桥建设，为沿线国家和亚欧两大洲经济贸易交流提供了便捷的大通道。
Opened in the early 1990s, the NELB is gaining new impetus from Belt and Road Initiative. It greatly facilitates trade and other exchanges between the countries along the route and between Asia and Europe.
作为“一带一路”建设的标志性项目，渝新欧、蓉新欧、义新欧等多条铁路运输干线已经开通，其中渝新欧从重庆出发，通过位于中东欧的波兰抵达德国的杜伊斯堡，蓉新欧则是从成都出发，直接抵达波兰，义新欧则从浙江义乌出发，抵达西班牙首都马德里。与此同时，与新亚欧大陆桥建设相关的公路交通、输电线路、港口建设等方面的工作也在稳步推进。
To date, several transcontinental rail routes, which showcase the potential of Belt and Road Initiative, have entered service. These include the Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe Railway (reaching Germany's Duisburg via Poland), the Chengdu-Xinjiang-Europe Railway (reaching Poland), and the Yiwu-Xinjiang-Europe Railway (reaching Madrid). The construction of associated highways, power transmission lines, and ports are progressing in a steady manner.
联合国“丝绸之路复兴计划”：United Nations: Silk Road Initiative
复兴丝绸之路的计划早在上世纪 60 年代就已经开始，最初的计划是修建一条连接新加坡至土耳其的全长约 14000公里的铁路。推动丝绸之路复兴的政府和组织数量众多，发挥作用最大的是联合国。
The Silk Road Initiative (SRI) was first discussed in the 1960s. The initial plan was to build 14,000 kilometers of the railway line linking Singapore and Turkey. Many governments and organizations supported the initiative, with the United Nations playing the driving role.
2008年2月，联合国开发计划署正式发起了“丝绸之路复兴计划”，来自包括中国、俄罗斯、伊朗、土耳其在内的19国官员在瑞士日内瓦签署意向书，决定在今后数年投入430亿美元，激活古丝绸之路和其他一些古老的欧亚大陆通道，全长7000多公里。
The United Nations Development Programme formally launched the SRI in February 2008. Officials from 19 countries including China, Russia, Iran and Turkey signed letters of intent in Geneva, Switzerland, committing to invest US$43 billion in the ensuing years to reinvigorate the ancient Silk Road and other Eurasian land arteries over a combined distance of 7,000 kilometers.
该计划由230个项目组成，期限为2008年至2014年，投资主要用于改善古丝绸之路等欧亚大陆通道的基础设施并开发多条经济走廊。该计划旨在使古老的丝绸之路重现辉煌，为中亚、东欧等国提供机会，并让欧亚大陆腹地分享全球化带来的好处。
A total of 230 projects were planned from 2008 to 2014 to improve the infrastructure along the ancient trade routes and open a number of economic corridors. The ultimate goal was to bring a renaissance to the ancient routes, providing new development opportunities for Central Asian and East European countries, and enabling the inland areas to benefit from globalization.
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