一文读懂“取消文化”的起始和走向
The following article is from Lib Sans Woke Author 张拓木
本文原载于“新闻实验室会员通讯”,了解更多:https://newslab.info。这是作者写的一篇全面介绍“取消文化”的文章。
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渊源
解读与立场
什么是取消文化中的取消?
传统自由派在批评取消文化的言说中,极少使用“政治正确”(political correctness)一词。
这个词历史包袱过重,在过去几十年间成为保守派贬抑进步派推动多元包容文化活动的一种“话术”。
但是不可否认,取消文化与“政治正确”之间的确有一定的相似性,这也让一些警醒人士在批判传统自由派反取消文化的努力时,将其视为新版的“反政治正确”。
公众反响
62%的美国人认为当前的政治气候阻止了他们表达自己的真实想法。2017年这个比例是58%。 政治立场越偏保守的人群,感受到自我审查压力的比例越高。但是,即使是在自由派(liberal)中,此比例也达到52%,比2017年增加了7个百分点。在强烈自由派(strong liberal)中,此比例为42%,比2017年增加了12个百分点。 感受到自我审查压力的比例,以族裔划分,拉丁裔为65%,白人为64%,黑人为49%。 32%的美国人担心自己的政治观点可能会导致被解雇或职业道路受损。这个比例按政治倾向分:自由派31%,温和派30%,保守派34%;按族裔分:拉丁裔38%,黑人22%,白人31%。
46%的选民认为取消文化走得太远,10%认为做得不够,18%认为适当,26%没有听说过取消文化或者对其没有意见。 49%的选民认为取消文化对社会有比较负面或非常负面的作用,27%认为作用比较正面或非常正面。 对于哈泼斯公开信,42%的选民没有听说过或没有意见,33%比较支持或非常支持公开信,26%比较反对或非常反对。
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走向
Reference
[1] <https://harpers.org/a-letter-on-justice-and-open-debate/>"A Letter on Justice and Open Debate")
[2] <https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=2015-01-01%202019-01-01&geo=US&q=%22cancel%20culture%22>"Google Trends for ‘Cancel Culture’"
[3] <https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Cancelled>"Urban Dictionary ‘Cancelled’"
[4] <https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/28/style/is-it-canceled.html>"New York Times, Jonah Engel Bromwich, Everyone Is Canceled It only takesone thing — and sometimes, nothing — for fans to dump a celebrity."
[5] <https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-claremont-marches-20151112-story.html>"Amid racial bias protests, Claremont McKenna dean resigns"
[6] <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bret_Weinstein#Evergreen_State_College_Day_of_Absence>"Wikipedia: Bret Weinstein"
[7] <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woke>"Wikipedia: Woke"
[8] <https://docs.google.com/document/d/17ZqWl5grm_F5Kn_0OarY9Q2jlOnk200PvhM5e3isPvY/edit>"Open Letter to the LSA"
[9] <https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/503685-protesters-tear-down-statues-of-union-general-ulysses-s-grant-national>"Protesters tear down statues of Union general Ulysses S. Grant, nationalanthem lyricist Francis Scott Key"
[10] <https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/19/us/portland-george-washington-statue-toppled-trnd/index.html>"Protesters tore down a George Washington statue and set a fire on itshead"
[11] <https://yaledailynews.com/blog/2020/06/28/cancel-yale-not-likely/>"’Cancel Yale’? Not likely."
[12] <https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/06/stop-firing-innocent/613615/>"Stop Firing the Innocent"
[13] <https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/social-issues/blackface-incident-at-washington-post-cartoonists-2018-halloween-party-resurfaces-amid-protests/2020/06/17/66f09bde-af2e-11ea-856d-5054296735e5_story.html>"Blackface incident at Post cartoonist’s 2018 Halloween party resurfacesamid protests"
[14] <https://www.cato.org/publications/survey-reports/poll-62-americans-say-they-have-political-views-theyre-afraid-share>"Cato/YouGov Summer 2020 National Survey"
[15] https://www.politico.com/f/?id=00000173-7326-d36e-abff-7ffe72dc0000"Politico/Morning Consult National Tracking Poll 2020/07/17-19"
[16] <https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/07/business/media/james-bennet-resigns-nytimes-op-ed.html>"James Bennet Resigns as New York Times Opinion Editor"
[17] <https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/07/arts/harpers-letter.html>"Artists and Writers Warn of an ‘Intolerant Climate.’ Reaction IsSwift."
[18] <https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/us/politics/obama-woke-cancel-culture.html>"New York Times 2019/10/31 article ‘Obama on Call-Out Culture: That’s NotActivism’"
[19] <https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/obama-woke-meaning-michelle-cancel-culture-foundation-chicago-a9178436.html>"I respect you immensely, Barack Obama, but I don't need lessons about'being woke' and 'cancel culture'"
[20] <https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/02/style/what-is-cancel-culture.html>"Those People We Tried to Cancel? They’re All Hanging Out TogetherDepriving people of a platform works — in unexpected ways."
ate》杂志对公开信的批判 https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2020/07/harpers-letter-reality-debate.html
《Digg》驳斥公开信文章 https://digg.com/2020/heres-what-you-need-to-know-about-that-harpers-letter-criticizing-cancel-culture-free-speech-censorship
《纽约时报》对威廉姆斯自传的书评 https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/14/books/review/self-portrait-in-black-and-white-thomas-chatterton-williams.html
Valdivia withdrawal letter https://twitter.com/luciascans/status/1281073711097864194/photo/1
保守派智库美国经济研究学会(AIER)文章 https://www.aier.org/article/save-america-from-cancel-culture/
Ezra Klein tweet https://twitter.com/ezraklein/status/1280929185523851264
Paul Graham rebuttal https://twitter.com/paulg/status/1280948079152246785
前文导读
《美国思潮走向三元对立:警醒主义,自由主义以及保守主义》《流亡海外的"电报"及创始人杜洛夫》《从里根大赦到川普修墙:美国非法移民问题三十余年》《拜登的竞选搭档副总统人选》《从纽约到犹他,美国医生抗疫漫漫之路》
《复工中的曼哈顿》《拔丝学堂 | 漫谈抑郁症》《两代熊猫,半个世纪,“友好使者”的路还会走下去吗?》
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