双语 | 最全春节习俗！看完一下觉得年味更浓了
春节要怎么过？
如果足够重视仪式感，春节的过法可不止年夜饭、对联、灯笼和红包。我们的祖先们在漫长岁月里将春节传统凝练成了内涵丰富的各项民俗。今时今日，有些习俗动手实践起来已经不太容易，但了解一下也是颇有趣味。
首先，让我们来看看这个古老的传说↓
（视频来源：腾讯视频@NANA）
According to tales and legends, the beginning of the Chinese New Year started with a mythical beast called the Nian. Nian would eat villagers, especially children. One year, all the villagers decided to go hide from the beast. An old man appeared before the villagers went into hiding and said that he's going to stay the night, and decided to get revenge on the Nian. All the villagers thought he was insane. The old man put red papers up and set off firecrackers. The day after, the villagers came back to their town to see that nothing was destroyed. They assumed that the old man was a deity who came to save them. The villagers then understood that the Nian was afraid of the color red and loud noises. When the New Year was about to come, the villagers would wear red clothes, hang red lanterns, and red spring scrolls on windows and doors. People also used firecrackers to frighten away the Nian. From then on, Nian never came to the village again. The Nian was eventually captured by Hongjun Laozu, an ancient Taoist monk. The Nian became Hongjun Laozu's mount.
据传说记载，过年的起源与一只叫作"年"的吃人怪兽有关，它尤其爱吃小孩。有一年，所有村民决定外出躲避年兽，一位老人在大家出去避难之前出现在村里，称他将在此守夜，找"年"复仇，人们都觉得他疯了。这位老人挂起红纸，燃放爆竹。次日，村民们回到家中，发现一切安好，就认为那个老人是拯救他们的神。后来人们知道"年"害怕红色和噪音，于是新年到来之前，村民们都会穿上红衣服、挂起红灯笼、在门窗上挂红条幅，并且燃放爆竹把"年"吓跑。从那时起"年"再也没有来过村里，最终被洪钧老祖抓住，成为他的坐骑。
在今天，"春节Spring Festival"已成了全球华人最重要的节日。
Chinese New Year, known in modern Chinese as the "Spring Festival", is an important Chinese festival celebrated at the turn of the traditional lunisolar Chinese calendar. Celebrations traditionally run from the evening preceding the first day, to the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first calendar month.
中国新年，即现代汉语中的"春节"，是传统农历岁末年初更迭之际一个重要的中国节日。庆祝活动从大年初一前一天夜里开始，一直持续到正月十五元宵节。
The New Year festival is centuries old and gains significance because of several myths and traditions. Traditionally, the festival was a time to honor deities as well as ancestors. Chinese New Year is considered a major holiday for the Chinese and has had influence on the lunar new year celebrations of its geographic neighbours.
春节已延续数个世纪，因众多相关神话传说和传统习俗而变得举足轻重。传统中的春节是敬拜神灵和祖先的日子。对中国人来说，春节是一个重大的节日，对地缘近邻的农历新年庆祝活动也产生了影响。
Within China, regional customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the Chinese New Year vary widely. Often, the evening preceding Chinese New Year's Day (New Year's Eve) is an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner. It is also traditional for every family to thoroughly cleanse the house, in order to sweep away any ill-fortune and to make way for good incoming luck. Windows and doors will be decorated with red color paper-cuts and couplets with popular themes of "good fortune" or "happiness", "wealth", and "longevity". Other activities include lighting firecrackers and giving money in red paper envelopes.
中国各地的年俗和传统差异很大，一般来说，一家人在大年初一前夜（即新年除夕）团聚在一起吃团圆饭。大扫除也是所有家庭过年的传统，以此扫除晦气，迎接即将到来的好运。门窗要贴上红色的剪纸和对联，表达"好运""幸福""财富""长寿"等受欢迎的主题。其他过年活动还包括放烟花、送红包。
大年三十：除夕守岁
In Chinese mythology, a monster called nian would come out to harm people on New Year's Eve, so people get together, staying up and chatting, hoping for a peaceful passage of time. The custom of staying up (Chinese: shou tai sui) symbolizes the warding off of all diseases and disasters and wishing good luck in the New Year.
中国神话里，一头叫"年"的妖怪会在新年的前一夜跑出来伤害人类，因此人们聚在一起，守岁聊天，祈祷能平安度过这一晚。因此，中国人将新年前夕熬夜的习俗称为"守太岁"，意味着远离疾病灾祸，祈祷新年好运。
Chinese people attach great importance to the Spring Festival Eve, when all family members eat dinner together.
中国人十分重视除夕（即新年前一夜），彼时阖家团圆，共享团圆年夜饭。
大年初一：金鸡报晓
The first day of Chinese New Year, also known as the "day of chicken", officially begins at midnight.
午夜零点时分，人们正式跨入新年第一天，也叫"金鸡报晓"。
It is traditional to light firecrackers and make as much of a din as possible to chase off the evil monster nian.
传统习俗是，人们会燃放鞭炮，尽可能制造大的喧闹声赶走邪恶的妖怪"年"。
Most importantly the oldest and most senior members are visited with the visits strengthening family kinship.
最重要的习俗是，人们会拜访家中最年长的长辈，以加强家人之间的亲情。
Senior members of the family hand out red envelopes containing cash (Chinese: ya sui qian), a form of blessing and to suppress aging and the challenges of the coming year, to junior members of the family, mostly children and teenagers.
而家中的长辈会给晚辈（主要是儿童和青少年）红包（中国人称之压岁钱），代表着对晚辈的祝福，也是祈祷自己在来年身体康健、万事如意。
大年初二：金吠报春
On the second day, married daughters usually go back to their own family to visit parents, relatives and close friends. Traditionally, married daughters didn't have the opportunity to visit their birth families frequently.
初二，出嫁的女儿会回娘家给父母、亲人和密友拜年。旧时，女儿出嫁后拜访娘家父母的机会并不多。
Some believe the second day is also the birthday of all dogs and remember them with special treats.
还有一些人认为初二是所有犬类的生日，因此要给它们好吃的以示庆祝。
大年初三：肥猪拱门
On the third day, an old saying goes: "A fat pig at the door", meaning the arrival of good luck and happiness.
初三，有一句俗语"肥猪拱门"，预示着好运和幸福的到来。
Traditionally, the third day is known as "Chigou's Day". Chigou literally means "red dog", an epithet of "the God of Blazing Wrath", and it is considered an unlucky day to have guests or go visiting.
初三还有一个传统俗称是"赤狗日"。赤狗的意思是红色的狗，是熛怒之神的绰号，因此人们认为这一天不宜接客或出访。
Folklore says the 3rd day is also "rat marriage day" (Chinese: lao shu qu qin), so people often go to bed earlier to give rats time for their wedding.
民间还传说初三是老鼠娶亲日，所以人们晚上会早早上床歇息，腾出时间给老鼠们成亲。
大年初四：三羊开泰
The old saying "three rams bring bliss" is connected with the fourth day, which says that by making a good beginning a happy end comes.
初四则和俗语"三羊开泰"有关，意思是岁首吉利就预示着岁末幸福。
According to folklore, it is also the day to welcome back the Kitchen God. On this day, the Kitchen God would check the household and therefore people should not leave home.
民间还传说这一日是迎回灶神的日子。这一天灶神会清点每家的人数，所以切忌外出离家。
大年初五：艮牛耕春
The fifth day is also called the "day of cow". According to Chinese folklore, the first seven days of the 1st lunar month are respectively called "day of chicken", "day of dog", "day of pig", "day of sheep", "day of cow", "day of horse" and "day of man". When creating all living beings on earth, Nu Wa, a goddess in Chinese mythology, created the six creatures before human beings.
初五也被称为"牛日"。民间传说正月头七天分别是"鸡日"、"犬日"、"猪日"、"羊日"、"牛日"、"马日"和"人日"。中国传统神话中的女神女娲在创造凡间生物时就是遵循了这个顺序，在创造人类之前先创造了这六种生物。
The fifth day is also the God of Fortune's birthday and people will celebrate this day with a large banquet. This day is also commonly known as the Festival of Po Wu, literally breaking five. According to custom, it is believed that many New Year taboos can be broken on this day.
初五还是财神的生日，人们会举办盛宴以示庆祝。这天也被称为"破五日"，字面意思是打破数字五。根据习俗，许多新年禁忌过此日皆可破。
大年初六：马到成功
On the sixth day, people make wishes for "ma dao cheng gong", win success immediately upon arrival.
初六，人们祈祷"马到成功"，意思是成功马上就会到来。
According to tradition, families usually send away the Ghost of Poverty on this day. To send away him, Chinese people will usually throw away their ragged clothes, rubbish and other dirty things.
各家各户在初六有送"穷鬼"的传统。人们会扔掉破烂的衣服、垃圾和其他脏东西，预示送走穷鬼。
By doing this Chinese people wish to send away poverty and welcome the beautiful days and good luck in the New Year.
这个习俗寓意赶走贫穷，新的一年迎来好日子和好运气。
大年初七：人寿年丰
The seventh day is commonly referred as the "day of man", and in most parts of China people will eat noodles as they symbolize longevity in Chinese culture.
初七是"人日"，中国各地人民都会吃面条，因为面条在中国文化里寓意长寿。
（图片来源：全景视觉）
大年初八：放生祈福
The eighth day is believed to be the birthday of millet, an important crop in ancient China.
初八被认为是中国古代一种重要粮食——谷的生日。
According to folk proverbs, if this day is bright and clear the year will be a harvest year; however, if this day is cloudy or even rainy, the year will suffer from poor harvest.
根据民间俗语，这一天如果晴朗明亮就预示着大丰收，而如果多云甚至下雨就预示着今年会歉收。
Meanwhile, people also set free captive animals on this day, with a blessing for all living beings to flourish in the New Year.
此外，这一天人们还会放生动物，祝福新的一年里所有生物都繁荣兴旺，生生不息。
大年初九：玉皇天诞
The ninth day is called Ti Kong Dan, or the birthday of the Jade Emperor. There will be grand ceremonies in Taoist temples on this day, and ordinary families also offer sacrifices to the Jade Emperor.
称为"天公诞"，即玉帝的生日。这一天，道家寺庙会举办华丽隆重的庆典，寻常人家也会祭祀玉帝。
大年初十：祭石感恩
The 10th day is believed to be the birthday of the God of Stone which played a very important role in the agricultural society of ancient China.
初十被认为是石头神的生日，在古代中国的农业社会占有非常重要的地位。
On this day, people are forbidden to move any stone, including stone rollers, stone mills and herb grinders, and should not cut into a mountain for rock or build a house with rocks, otherwise bad things will happen to the crops.
这一天切忌移动石头，包括石碾、石磨、研磨器具等等，也不能开山采石或用岩石建房子，否则这年庄稼就会遭殃。
People also burn incense and candles for the stones and offer pancake to the God of Stone.
人们还会焚香、点蜡烛以供奉石头，向石头神上贡烤饼。
正月十一：祭奉紫姑
People make offerings to Zi Gu, the guardian angel for weak women, on the 11th day.
正月十一，人们供奉紫姑，紫姑是可怜女子的守护神。
This day is also for Yuefu (fathers-in-law) to entertain Nuxu (sons-in-law).
这一天也是岳父宴请子婿的日子。
In many areas, after this day, people will start preparing for the upcoming Lantern Festival which is on the 15th day of the 1st month.
许多地方在这天之后会开始准备即将到来的灯节——正月十五。
正月十二：搭建灯棚
Families buy lanterns and build a lantern shack on the 12th day.
家家户户会买灯笼，然后在正月十二建一个灯笼棚。
正月十三：灶下点灯
On the 13th day, preparations for Lantern Festival continue.
正月十三，继续准备元宵节。
正月十四：娘娘诞辰
The 14th day is the birthday of the Goddess of Linshui, who is believed to protect women from dying in childbirth. People make offerings to the goddess on this day.
正月十四是临水娘娘的生日，临水娘娘是拯救难产妇女的神仙。人们在这一天供奉临水娘娘。
正月十五：夜照田蚕
The 15th day of the 1st lunar month is commonly celebrated as Yuan Xiao Jie, or Lantern Festival. The festivities of the Chinese New Year reach a climax on this day.
正月十五一般被称为元宵节或者灯节，中国新年庆祝活动在这一天达到顶峰。
Since early morning, dragon and lion dancers parade on streets crowded with people. In the evening families go out together to enjoy the full moon and appreciate colorful lanterns and also solve lantern riddles.
一大早，街上就挤满了人群，观看舞龙舞狮。晚上，全家人会一同外出享受满月，欣赏缤纷多彩的灯笼，一起猜灯谜。
Chinese people also eat yuan xiao, a traditional food made of glutinous rice flour which symbolizes family togetherness and reunion.
人们还会吃一种由糯米做成的传统美食——元宵，寓意阖家团圆。
This day officially marks the end of Chinese New Year celebrations.
这一天往往为中国新年庆祝活动划上句点。
贴春联
Paste up/stick spring couplets/scrolls
贴福字
Paste up/stick the character of Fu
年夜饭
The Spring Festival's family reunion dinner
看春晚
Watching the CCTV annual Spring Festival Eve Gala
放烟花/鞭炮
Set off fireworks/ firecrackers
拜年
Pay lunar New Year's calls/visits; give Spring Festival greetings
压岁钱/红包
Lucky money/ red envelop
Words can reflect New Year taboos. People tend to, for example, avoid negative words, such as "failing", "dying", and "illness" during New Year's celebrations.
过年虽然是一个放松的时候，但是也不是百无禁忌。首先一点就是语言上忌讳。过年的时候像"死"、"失败"、"病"这样比较晦气的话不能说。
Breaking a dish is another taboo in some places, because it implies that you will not have a thing to eat.
打破碗碟也是忌讳，因为它暗示着你将丢了饭碗（如果不小心打破了，在场的人必须以迅雷不及掩耳盗铃儿响叮当之势，说上两句吉祥的顺口溜，如"岁（碎）岁平安"，"打发（大发，发财之意）"等来弥补）。
People do not carry the garbage out or clean the house on New Year's Day or for the rest of the Spring Festival holiday, for fear of sweeping away good luck.
很多地方过年的时候不能扫地，或者扫地时只能往屋内扫，不能往屋外扫，因为这样会把"财气"扫出去。春节期间也不能扔垃圾，因为同样有可能扔掉"财运"。
People usually get a haircut before the lunar new year's eve because it is said that getting one's hair cut in the first lunar month puts a curse on one's maternal uncles.
人们通常在农历新年前夕剪头发，因为据说正月里剃头的话会"死舅舅"。
（据说这个习俗来源于清朝，满清入关要求所有男子剃掉前额的头发，在脑后扎一条辫子。当时许多人把遵从传统习惯和怀念明朝的情感结合起来，约定每到正月里大家都不剃头，并将这个行动定名为"思旧"，意思是"思念过去的历史"。但随着时间的流逝，口耳相传，以讹传讹，"思旧"的谐音附会成了"死舅"，于是有了流传至今的民俗。）
知道了这些，Yee君顿时觉得过年更有年味了呢！最后，给大家送上一些新年祝福，请大家收好哟~~
恭喜发财
Congratulations and be prosperous !
岁岁平安
Wish you everlasting peace year after year !
金玉满堂
May your wealthcome to fill a hall !
大展宏图
May you realize your ambitions !
迎春接福
Greet the New Year and encounter happiness !
万事如意
May all your wishes be fulfilled !
吉庆有余
May your happiness be without limit !
一本万利
May a small investment bring ten-thousandfold profits !
福寿双全
May your happiness and longevity be complete !
招财进宝
When wealth is acquired, precious objects follow !
来源：译世界综编自21世纪英文报公众号、中国日报网公众号、维基百科、爽哥英语网、小e英语网等，转载请注明内容为译世界微信公众号综编。
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