背了单词怎么写作还没27+?||附写作必备词汇及其替换词
托福写作要义有三:思路、逻辑和语言。前两项其实对大多数同学来说都是容易解决的问题。我们解题注重总分总结构、详细举例、自圆其说的表达观点即可。
像综合写作,我们可以按照:
开头——阅读+听力+阅读vs听力关系、紧接着——阅读要点+听力要点+细节+听力阅读关系来写。
而独立写作,细化来说就是:
开头:话题说的啥+我的观点是XXXXX+我要开说了;中间:分论点+理由+例子、分论点+理由+例子;结尾:总结,所以我觉得XXXXX
而语言运用相对的就困难的多,一方面要注重词汇的丰富和多样,另一方面还要注重句式的变化。在两者都注意的同时,语法上还不能出大错。平日输入多于输出的我们立刻微懵,即便背了一些模板,文章分数依旧高不上去。那么根源上是什么问题呢,一是词汇,二是语法。你可能会觉得我词汇背的已经够多了啊,但是这些是你的写作积极词么?
写作词汇运用的三类同学的问题:
1. 词汇储备有限,只会重复使用简单词
本身词汇量不多,在复习过程中又不看优秀范文,或者即使看了范文,将之与自己写的文章对照后,也不做任何词汇积累工作。比如,作文中涉及“污染”这个词的使用,绝大部分考生都选择用pollution 这个词,并且在行文过程中不停地重复这个词。这样重复使用一个词你的语言肯定是过于贫乏、词汇变化也不够丰富的。
2. 有一定词汇储备,但不会使用
一些用功的同学们~复习时会很注意积累范文中的用词和表达,但总是不得其法,背下来一堆“高大上”但却不知道如何使用的词。背了很多词汇,却依然写不出一篇好文章……例如,虽然考生在考试前记住了facilitate (to make it easier for a process or activity to happen)这个词,但在考场上想表达“计算机可以帮助我们更好地学习语言”的时候,却仍然写成了“Computers make it easier for us to learn another language ”,而不是“Computers can be used to facilitate language learning ”。facillitate等于白背,心情抑郁……
3. 用词不准确
词汇积累了,写作那必须用!!不分语境无论如何都要用!其结果是,虽然用了“高大上”的词汇,却因为用词不准确,仍不能得到自己满意的分数。比如,你考前翻字典,查到单词endorse 的中文解释有“赞同,同意”一项,于是决定把作文中的agree全改成endorse。殊不知,这个endorse在《朗文当代英语词典》中的英文定义是“to express formal support or approval for someone or something”,这意味着endorse表示“同意”时多用于正式场合,并且很多时候是有一定身份的人才可以使用的,例如:“The Prime Minister is unlikely to endorse this view. ”然后,自己很有身份的赞同了你自己,那就十分尴尬了……
怎么解决呢?
1. 积累多样化的词语
为了避免在写作时重复使用有限词汇,平时看范文时应对范文中意义相似或相同的词进行积累和背诵,将其归纳总结,并在表达观点时使用,以确保自己作文中的词汇表达具有多样性。此外可以去这个网站http://www.thesaurus.com/(自己复制粘贴去浏览哈),该网站可以查询很多同义词,也具备词典功能,并且,是全英文的。英文释义有助于我们更好的领会词语意思,同义词的积累也是我们扩充词汇量和替换词的好方法。
2. 仿写范文
为了避免背过的高级词汇使用不上,我们就要付诸笔头,真正去运用。可以在平时用仿写范文的方法进行练习。具体的方法是:首先看一遍范文,理解了范文意思后,自己用英文写一遍,写完后把自己写的文章和范文进行对照,查找异同,找出自己的用词和范文的用词有哪些不同之处,并总结范文中的地道词汇,然后进行记忆。
3. 看例句、查英文词典
词语使用方面,首先在背诵的时候就要记住一定要看例句,了解该词汇用法,另外就是减少用一些特别偏门的词汇。此外,在平时学习时可以多查查英文的字典(或者刚刚说的那个网站)比如《朗文当代英语词典》这种英文字典,对于不确定其用法的词汇,可以参照词典中的英文定义及例句体会使用。此外,就是平时积累一些句式,语法存在问题的同学也建议拿出高中语法书重新过一遍。
附||写作必备词汇及替换词:
1. 持某观点:claim
contend, deem, reckon, assert, share the belief that
2.支持某观点: advocate
maintain, vote for, side with, be in favor of
3.反对某观点: contradict
criticize, be against, cast doubts on
4.合理的:justified
sensible, feasible, convincing, persuasive, rational, practicable, logical, wise, sagacious, viable, preferable, advisable, appropriate, bear much analysis
5.好处:advantage
benefit, merit, positive side, upside, boon, pros
6.弊端:disadvantage
defect, demerit, negative side, downside, flaw, drawback, cons
7.肯定:undoubtedly
indeed, undeniably, there is no denying that
8.不确定:be likely to
potentially presumably
9.重要的:essential
significant, vital, crucial, critical, fundamental, indispensable
10.有益的:beneficial
conducive, instrumental
11.有害的:detrimental
harmful, virulent
12.有争议的:controversial
disputable, contentious
13.普遍的:widespread
prevalent, universal
14.显著地:considerably
significantly, remarkably, dramatically, tremendously, substantially
15.明显的:evident
apparent, manifest
16.增强:enhance
strengthen, boost
17.减少:decline
descend, collapse, relieve
18.大约:approximately
nearly, around, estimated,roughly
19.趋势:trend
tendency, inclination
20.预见:predict
expect, project
21.带来:bring about
result in, lead to
22.产生,引起:create
spark, yield, give rise to
23.建立:establish
found, institute
24.要求:call for
request, demand
25.去除:eliminate
remove, eradicate
26.探讨:explore
examine, identify
27.表明,描绘:indicate
depict, portray, illustrate
28.满足…需求:meet the need of
satisfy the requirement of, cater for the demand of
29.足够:adequate
enough, sufficient
30.解决:tackle
resolve, address
31.意识:awareness
consciousness
32.控制:curb
regulate, censor
33.解释:account for
be responsible for, be attributed to
34.投资:finance
invest in, subsidize
35.缓解:relieve
ease, alleviate
36.压力:stress
pressure, strain
37.遵循:observe
follow, conform to
38.继承:inherit
hand down, carry forward
39.培养:cultivate
train, foster
40.促进:promote
contribute to, upgrade
41.适应:adapt to
adjust to, acclimate to
42.提供:provide
render, afford
43.替代:replace
substitute, take the place of
44.保护:preserve
protect, safeguard
45.证据:evidence
proof
46.赢得:gain
acquire, attain
47.国外的:foreign
alien, exotic
48.重视:attach importance to
emphasis, highlight
49.发展:advance
development, progress
50.倾向于:tend to
be inclined to, be apt to
51. 吸引:attract
allure, tempt
52. 专注的:be absorbed in
be immersed in, devote oneself to
53. 目的是:aim at
The purpose is
54. 实现:achieve
fulfill, implement
55. 危害:endanger
threaten; jeopardize
56. 损害:undermine
impair, damage
57. 阻碍:hinder
obstruct, impede
58. 禁止:forbid
ban, prohibit
59. 责备:blame
denounce, criticize
60. 污染:pollute
contaminate, stain
61. 腐蚀:erode
wear away, corrode
62. 欺骗:deceive
cheat, defraud
63. 冲突:conflict
shock, tension
64. 驱使:prompt
spur, incite
65. 贪婪的:acquisitive
money-oriented, materialistic
66. 自私的:self-centered
selfish, inconsiderate
67.体谅的:considerate
understanding, sympathetic
68.冷漠的:indifferent
apathetic, aloof
69.奢侈的:wasteful
luxurious, extravagant
70.残忍的:inhumane
brutal, barbaric
71.绝望的:hopeless
despairing, desperate
72.过分的:excessive
extravagant, exorbitant
73.激烈的:intense
fierce, vigorous
74.严厉的:stringent
rigorous, rigid
75.与…相关:be related to
be associated with, be linked to
76.难以置信的:unbelievable
incredulous, virtual
77.惊人的:extraordinary
marvelous, spectacular
78.有抱负的:ambitious
aggressive, aspirant
79.固有的:inherent
nature, innate
80.稳定的:steady
stable, constant
81.恶化:worsen
aggravate, deteriorate
82.夸大:exaggerate
overstate
83.限制:restrain
constrain, confine
84.拆除:tear down
knock down, pull down
85.加速:accelerate
speed up, precipitate
86.占优势:predominate
dominate
87.分辨:distinguish
differentiate, discern
88.抵消:counteract
offset, cancel out
89.开展:launch
conduct, carry out
90.承担:assume
shoulder, accept
91.颁布, 制定:enact
enforce, promulgate, map out
92.影响:influence
impact, pervade
93.差异:difference
distinction, gap
94.交流:communicate
exchange, associate
95.接触:have access to
make contact with, keep in touch with
96.优先:give priority to
put…into first place
97.节约:economize
conserve, cherish
98.面临:be faced with
be confronted with
99.措施:measure
step, action
100.注意:beware
prevent, guard against
看完这些依旧压力山大,想起托福就挠头,想要抱大腿的点击最下方阅读原文看看吧~~
整理自新东方英语、IELTS在线、IELTS_Online2015
今日互动:
托福写作让你最挠头的点在哪儿?
戳关键词,查看更多内容
▼
QS2018世界大学排名 | 托福备考计划 | 常青藤书单