媒体聚焦｜茅锐做客中国国际电视台 解读中国稳粮价政策

2023年2月10日，浙江大学中国农村发展研究院茅锐教授受邀做客中国国际电视台（CGTN）《全球财经》（Global Business）栏目，就中国在全球通胀快速上行背景下维持粮食价格稳定和保障粮食安全等问题做了解答。

茅锐指出，2022年我国CPI同比上升2%，食品价格指数上涨2.8%，较2021年有所扩大，但明显低于FAO全球食品价格指数14.3%的增幅。这与我国采取的一系列稳粮价政策密不可分。在进口端，我国采取了玉米豆粕减量替代方案、扩大了碎米进口、并且首次从巴西进口玉米以补足饲用粮缺口。在生产端，我国实施了大豆油料产能提升工程，并大力推广大豆玉米带状复合种植技术。在流通端，我国建立了有效的粮食储备、分配和应急体系，粮食跨省流通能力不断增强。以下是主要采访内容（播出时节选）。

China adopted a number of efficient and effective measures to maintain the grain and food prices stable. To tackle import risks brought by a series of geopolitical tensions and extreme weather last year, China launched a reduction and substitution campaign for corn and soymeal – the two most important grain imports – to reduce the import demand for animal feed. Thanks to that, the quantity of grain imports declined by about 11%. China also sought alternative import sources. It imported 1.2 million tonnes of corn from Brazil, which was the first time of corn imports from there and accounted for roughly 15% of corn imports from Ukraine in 2021. It has also increased rice imports, primarily broken rice for animal feed, by more than 30%, which also for the first time exceeded China’s import limit quota. This provided an important substitute for corn as the global maize price rose by 25% last year.

The government has also provided specific subsidies to encourage the companion planting of corn and soybeans, which could increase soybean yield while ensuring a steady output of corn. Actually, 2022 was the first year for China to promote a large-scale implementation of this planting mode.

Aside from stabilizing imports and production, China established a forceful and efficient grain stock and distribution system. China's domestic grain purchases last year are expected to reach 400 billion kilograms, keeping in line with the level we see in previous years. Relying on the bones and bloods of infrastructure through roads, rails and water, and thanks to response plans to grain emergencies made by all levels of government, China’s capacity for inter-province reallocation of grain has already reached 250 million tonnes.