《JDE》｜土地改革与人力资本发展:来自秘鲁的证据

摘要：

土地占有不平等的早期确立和持续存在与不良的长期发展结果有关。一个关键的作用机制是通过人力资本完成的：历史上，大地主对学校等公共物品投资不足，限制工人及其子女上学，并从劳动力那里榨取本可以用于人力资本投资的剩余。通过平等土地占有，土地再分配应有助于人力资本积累。利用20世纪70年代秘鲁土地改革的原始数据，我们结合家庭调查进行了年龄队列分析，结果发现，恰恰相反，接受土地改革的时间越长，受教育程度就越低(以受教育年限衡量)。驱动机制似乎是经济机会、收入和童工：参与土地改革的个人更有可能留在农村地区，并且让他们的孩子为农业做出贡献，从而压低长期收入。

关键词：土地改革；农业；受教育程度；童工；农村经济

Abstract：

The early establishment and persistence of landholding inequality is linked to poor long-run development outcomes. One crucial channel runs through human capital: large landowners historically underinvested in public goods such as schools, restricted workers and their children from to attending school, and extracted surplus from laborers that could have been invested in human capital. By equalizing landholdings, land redistribution should facilitate human capital accumulation. Using original data on land reform across Peru in the 1970s paired with household surveys, we conduct an age cohort analysis and find instead that higher exposure to land reform negatively impacted educational attainment as measured by the number of years of school attended. The driving mechanisms appear to be economic opportunity as well as income and child labor: individuals exposed to land reform are more likely to remain in rural areas and to have their children contribute labor to agriculture, driving down income in the long term.

Keywords：Land reform；Agriculture；Educational attainment；

Child labor；Rural economies

原文链接：

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2020.102540

《Journal of development economics》，最新影响因子为2.529，主要发表管理科学、农业经济与政策方向文章。