TED演讲：我们应以对待食物的方式对待信息

TED是一家非盈利机构，该机构以它组织的TED大会著称。TED指技术、娱乐、设计英语中缩写，这三个广泛的领域共同塑造着我们的未来。TED演讲特点是开门见山、观点响亮、看法新颖、种类繁多、毫无繁杂冗长的专业讲座。每一个演讲都可以说是最值得传播的思想，互联网让这些闪光的、值得传播的思想在世界各地传播......而TED大会宗旨就是：用思想的力量来改变世界！如果信息就是食物。我们如何消化信息？在TED@SXSWi上，技术员JP Rangaswami探讨了我们与信息的关系。他的见解令人吃惊却十分犀利：我们应以对待食物的方式对待信息。TED视频TED演讲稿

I love my food. And I love information.

我热爱食品，我也热爱信息。

My children usually tell me that one of those passions is a little more apparent than the other.

我的孩子们常常对我说我看起来显然更像个吃货。

But what I want to do in the next eight minutes or so is to take you through how those passions developed,

不过在接下来的八分钟里我会向大家介绍这两个爱好是如何发展的，

the point in my life when the two passions merged, the journey of learning that took place from that point.

它们合二为一的时刻，以及此后我的学习旅程。

And one idea I want to leave you with today is what would would happen differently in your life if you saw information the way you saw food?

今天我想把下面这个问题留给你们：如果像看待食物那样看待信息你的生活会有什么样的改变？

I was born in Calcutta -- a family where my father and his father before him were journalists,

我出生在加尔各答（印度城市）我的父亲和祖父都是记者，

and they wrote magazines in the English language. That was the family business.

他们用英语为杂志写文章。这就是我家的家族产业。

And as a result of that, I grew up with books everywhere around the house. And I mean books everywhere around the house.

因此，我小时候家里全是书。真的是堆满了，就像这样。

And that's actually a shop in Calcutta, but it's a place where we like our books.

这其实是加尔各答的一家商店，不过光顾那里的都是爱书人。

In fact, I've got 38,000 of them now and no Kindle in sight.

事实上，我现在一共有三万八千本书而且没有Kindle（亚马逊出品的电子书）。

But growing up as a child with the books around everywhere, with people to talk to about those books,

我成长的时候身边全是书和喜欢讨论书的人，

this wasn't a sort of slightly learned thing. By the time I was 18, I had a deep passion for books.

这对我的影响很大。我十八岁的时候就对书籍有着深深的依恋。

It wasn't the only passion I had. I was a South Indian brought up in Bengal.

读书不是我唯一的爱好。我来自印度南部在孟加拉长大。

And two of the things about Bengal: they like their savory dishes and they like their sweets.

孟加拉人有两大爱好：他们喜欢美食和甜点。

So by the time I grew up, again, I had a well-established passion for food. Now I was growing up in the late '60s and early '70s, and

所以我长大之后，对美食的爱好根深蒂固。我成长在六十年代末七十年代初，

there were a number of other passions I was also interested in, but these two were the ones that differentiated me.

也有不少其它兴趣，但这两个爱好让我与众不同。

And then life was fine, dandy. Everything was okay, until I got to about the age of 26, and I went to a movie called "Short Circuit."

随后我的生活一帆风顺。一切都挺好的，直到我二十六岁那一年。我看了一部名叫《雷霆五号》的电影。

Oh, some of you have seen it. And apparently it's being remade right now and it's going to be coming out next year.

哦，你们好多人都看过。现在这部电影正在被重拍明年上映。

It's the story of this experimental robot which got electrocuted and found a life.

故事的主人公是这个实验机器人它触电之后通了人性。

And as it ran, this thing was saying, "Give me input. Give me input."

在影片中，它一直说：“我要信息输入。我要信息输入。”

And I suddenly realized that for a robot both information as well as food were the same thing.

我突然意识到，对于机器人来说信息和食物是一个东西。

Energy came to it in some form or shape, data came to it in some form or shape.

能量以某种形式或形态进入它的身体，数据以某种形式或形态进入它的身体。

And I began to think, I wonder what it would be like to start imagining myself

我开始思考，我在想既然食物和信息从某种程度上来说十分相似，

as if energy and information were the two things I had as input -- as if food and information were similar in some form or shape.

那么我们能否将能量和信息统一视为输入呢？

I started doing some research then, and this was the 25-year journey, and started finding out that actually

我从那时起开始从事相关的研究，到现在已经二十五年了我最早的发现就是

human beings as primates have far smaller stomachs than should be the size for our body weight and far larger brains.

若以体重为标准，身为灵长类动物的人类胃很小，大脑却很大。

And as I went to research that even further, I got to a point where I discovered something called the expensive tissue hypothesis.

深入研究之后我发现了一种名为昂贵组织的假说。

That actually for a given body mass of a primate the metabolic rate was static. What changed was the balance of the tissues available.

这种假说认为：对于一定体重的灵长类动物来说新陈代谢率是一定的。不同的是体内各种组织的平衡。

And two of the most expensive tissues in our human body are nervous tissue and digestive tissue.

而人体内两种最为昂贵的组织是神经组织和消化组织。

And what transpired was that people had put forward a hypothesis that was apparently coming up with some fabulous results by about 1995.

因此人们提出了一个假设，1995年的时候这个假设衍生出了不少精彩的成果。

It's a lady named Leslie Aiello. And the paper then suggested that you traded one for the other.

这些成果背后的功臣是一位名叫LeslieAiello的女士。

If you wanted your brain for a particular body mass to be large, you had to live with a smaller gut.

相关的论文显示，胃和大脑，不可兼得。在体重一定的情况下，如果你希望拥有更大的大脑的话，就只能拥有一个比较小的胃。

That then set me off completely to say, Okay, these two are connected.

这种观点让我确信食物和信息一定有关联。

So I looked at the cultivation of information as if it were food and said,

因此我把信息当成食物，研究了它的生产过程我的结论是，

So we were hunter-gathers of information. We moved from that to becoming farmers and cultivators of information.

我们都是信息的捕猎者和采集者。后来我们逐渐成为培育信息的农民和生产者。

Does that really explain what we're seeing with the intellectual property battles nowadays?

这是否能解释今天的知识产权斗争呢？

Because those people who were hunter-gatherers in origin wanted to be free and roam and pick up information as they wanted,

因为信息捕猎者和采集者希望能自由自在的获取他们想要的信息，

and those that were in the business of farming information wanted to build fences around it,

而那些从事信息生产的人希望用栅栏保护他们的产品

create ownership and wealth and structure and settlement. So there was always going to be a tension within that.

建立所有制，积累财富，形成体系，达成协议因此两者的关系总是有点紧张。

And everything I saw in the cultivation said there were huge fights amongst the foodies between the cultivators and the hunter-gatherers.

在食物生产中生产者和捕猎者以及采集者之间一直都有诸多冲突。

And this is happening here. When I moved to preparation, this same thing was true, expect that there were two schools.

信息范畴也是如此。我发现信息和食物在处理环节上也有相似之处，而且都有两种风格。

One group of people said you can distill your information, you can extract value, separate it and serve it up,

一些人认为可以提炼食物的精华将食物的价值从原料中提取和分离出来，然而呈现在餐桌上，

while another group turned around and said no, no you can ferment it. You bring it all together and mash it up and the value emerges that way.

但是另外一部分人不同意这种做法。他们认为要把原料混合在一起才能体现食物的价值。

The same is again true with information. But consumption was where it started getting really enjoyable.

信息也是如此。但摄入环节更加有趣。

Because what I began to see then was there were so many different ways people would consume this.

因为我发现人们摄取食物和信息的方法实在很多。

They'd buy it from the shop as raw ingredients. Do you cook it? Do you have it served to you? Do you go to a restaurant?

我们可以在商店里购买原材料。自己做饭；吃现成的；或者下馆子。

The same is true every time as I started thinking about information.

信息也是这样。

The analogies were getting crazy -- that information had sell-by dates,

这个类比真是贴切无比——信息也有保质期，

that people had misused information that wasn't dated properly and could really make an effect on the stock market, on corporate values, etc.

误用过时新闻可能对股票市场和企业市值等造成影响。

And by this time I was hooked. And this is about 23 years into this process.

至此我已经彻底沉迷其中不可自拔了。这差不多是在我进行了二十三年的研究之后发生的事情。

And I began to start thinking of myself as we start having mash-ups of fact and fiction, docu-dramas, mockumentaries, whatever you call it.

这时我开始想我们逐渐开始将现实和虚构混合在一起，发展出了纪录剧情片，伪纪录片，名字并不重要。

Are we going to reach the stage where information has a percentage for fact associated with it?

在未来的某个阶段我们会不会给信息标上一个事实比例呢？

We start labeling information for the fact percentage?

用事实比例来标记不同的信息？

Are we going to start looking at what happens when your information source is turned off, as a famine?

如果信息的源头被阻断在信息饥荒中，又会发生什么呢？

Which brings me to the final element of this.

这也是我最后想探讨的一个问题。

Clay Shirky once stated that there is no such animal as information overload, there is only filter failure.

ClayShirky曾经说过世界上不存在信息过载，只有过滤失败。

I put it to you that information, if viewed from the point of food, is never a production issue; you never speak of food overload.

我认为，如果从食物的角度思考，信息的问题不在于生产；没有人会说食物过剩。

Fundamentally it's a consumption issue. And we have to start thinking about how we create diets within ourselves,

从根本上说，这是一个摄入的问题。我们必须开始思考我们如何用合理的饮食习惯

exercise within ourselves, to have the faculties to be able to deal with information, to have the labeling to be able to do it responsibly.

和身体锻炼帮助身体处理消化各类信息，确保信息得到准确有效的标记。

In fact, when I saw "Supersize Me," I starting thinking of saying,

事实上，我看《大号的我》的时候就在想，

What would happen if an individual had 31 days nonstop Fox News? Would there be time to be able to work with it?

如果一个人连续看三十一天不眠不休的看福克斯新闻会怎么样？他会有时间消化这些信息吗？

So you start really understanding that you can have diseases, toxins, a need to balance your diet,

这样你就会明白你可能会得病、中毒，你需要平衡你的饮食，

and once you start looking, and from that point on, everything I have done

一旦开始这样想，从那个时刻开始，与信息有关的事情：“

in terms of the consumption of information, the production of information, the preparation of information,

信息的摄入、信息的生产、信息的处理，

I've looked at from the viewpoint of food. It has probably not helped my waistline any because I like practicing on both sides.

我都从食物的角度去思考。这可能让我的腰围愈发可观因为无论是信息还是食物我都喜欢亲身实验。

But I'd like to leave you with just that question:

最后，我还是希望将这样一个问题留给你们：

If you began to think of all the information that you consume the way you think of food, what would you do differently?

如果从食物的角度看待你接受的所有信息，你会做出怎样的改变？

Thank you very much for your time.

谢谢大家。

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