麦当劳中国将停用塑料吸管
麦当劳中国今天宣布，自6月30日起，北京、上海、广州、深圳等地的麦当劳将逐步停用塑料吸管，可乐等饮料将配备新杯盖方便顾客直接饮用。
无注释原文：
McDonald's in China is Phasing Out All its Plastic Straws
RADIICHINA
In the wake of a nationwide ban on single-use plastics, fast food giant McDonald’s is one of the latest to discontinue distributing plastic straws in China.
From June 30, McDonald’s in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen will begin to phase out plastic straws for both dine-in and take-out, expanding to all stores in China by the end of 2020. The move is expected to reduce plastic waste by approximately 400 tons a year, according Chinese language news outlet The Paper.
The move is in keeping with China’s national plan to phase out single-use plastics which came into effect in January of this year, in an effort to combat its growing domestic trash problem.
Among other things, the guidelines enforce a nationwide ban on plastic straws and disposable cutlery by the end of 2020, as well as a ban on plastic bags in major cities by the end of 2020, and nationwide by 2022. In addition, China’s restaurant industry is required to trim down consumption of all single-use plastic items by an additional 30% by the end of 2025.
Currently China is facing a staggering trash problem — its largest landfill in Shaanxi province, with a capacity of 34 million cubic meters, filled up 25 years earlier than expected. Plastic has increasingly played a role in global solid waste and chokes oceans and rivers as well as landfills, and China is the largest producer of it worldwide, with nearly 60 million tons a year.
In lieu of sweeping legislations, both companies and volunteers in the past few years have taken it upon themselves to respond to this plastic problem in their own ways.
- ◆ -
含注释全文：
McDonald's in China is Phasing Out All its Plastic Straws
RADIICHINA
In the wake of a nationwide ban on single-use plastics, fast food giant McDonald's is one of the latest to discontinue distributing plastic straws in China.
继全国范围内禁止使用一次性塑料制品的禁令之后，快餐巨头麦当劳成为在中国停用塑料吸管的最新公司之一。
吸管怎么说？
塑料吸管 plastic straws；straw可以指“（喝饮料用的）吸管”，英文解释为“a thin tube of plastic or paper that you suck a drink through”；还有另外一个含义，表示“（收割后干燥的）禾秆，麦秆，稻草”（of stems or other grain plants that have been cut and dried. Straw is used for making wheat , hats, etc., for packing things to protect them, and as food for animals or for them to sleep on. mats）。
📍我们常说的，压垮骆驼的“最后一根稻草”就是the last/final straw或者the straw that breaks the camel's back；可以指“终于使人不堪忍受的最后一件事（或因素等）”（the last in a series of bad events, etc. that makes it impossible for you to accept a situation any longer）举个🌰：
Losing my job was bad enough, but being evicted was the final straw.
丢了工作已经够糟了，但被房东赶出门后我彻底崩溃了。
in the wake of
表示“作为…的后果；随…之后而来”，英文解释为“If something happens in the wake of something else, it happens after and often because of it.”举个🌰：
Airport security was extra tight in the wake of yesterday's attacks.
昨天的袭击发生之后，机场安检变得格外严格。
🎬电影《科洛弗道10号》（10 Cloverfield Lane）中的台词提到：In the wake of this afternoon's widespread blackout 在今天下午的大面积停电之后，...
🎬电影《阿波罗13号》（Apollo 13）中的台词提到：lt was that phosphorescent stuff that gets churned up in the wake ofa big ship. 就是在大船驶过后被搅上来 会发出磷光的那种东西。
🎬传记电影《史蒂夫·乔布斯》（Steve Jobs）中的台词提到：Apple Computers closed two of its factories today in the wake of disappointing sales. 因为销量不佳 苹果电脑今天关闭了两家工厂。
single-use plastics
一次性塑料制品
fast food
快餐食物；速食
giant
前天在“美白”相关的词也不让说了？文中刚整理过，giant表示“巨头，大公司”，英文解释为“Giant is often used to refer to any large, successful business organization or country.”如：Japanese electronics giant, Sony 日本的电子业巨头——索尼公司。
类似的还有：
📍mogul /ˈməʊɡəl/表示“（尤指新闻、影视界的）大人物；大亨”，英文解释为“A mogul is an important, rich, and powerful businessman, especially one in the news, film, or television industry.”如：an international media mogul一位国际传媒大亨。
📍magnate /ˈmæɡneɪt, -nɪt/ 表示“大亨，巨头”，英文解释为“a rich and powerful person in industry or business”。
📍tycoon /taɪˈkuːn/ 表示“巨头，大亨（工商界）”，英文解释为“someone who is successful in business or industry and has a lot of money and power”如：property tycoon 房地产大亨。
📍conglomerate /kənˈglɒmərɪt/ 表示“联合大公司；企业集团”，英文解释为“A conglomerate is a large business firm consisting of several different companies.”如：the world's second-largest media conglomerate 世界第二大传媒集团。
📍behemoth /ˈbiːhɪmɒθ/ 表示“巨头（指规模庞大、实力雄厚的公司或机构）”，英文解释为“a very big and powerful company or organization”。
📍titan表示“巨人；巨头”，英文解释为“If you describe someone as a titan of a particular field, you mean that they are very important and powerful or successful in that field.”
discontinue
还是在“美白”相关的词也不让说了？文中出现的，提到强生公司（Johnson & Johnson）停止了其品牌的两个护肤品系列的生产时也用的discontinue；
1）表示“停止，终止（生产）”，英文解释为“to stop making a product”举个🌰：
The Leica M2 was discontinued in 1967.
徕卡M2型照相机于1967年停产。
2）表示“停止；终止；中断”，英文解释为“to stop doing, using or providing sth, especially sth that you have been doing, using or providing regularly”举个🌰：
It was decided to discontinue the treatment after three months.
三个月后决定终止治疗。
🎬电影《无事生非》（Much Ado About Nothing）中的台词提到：I must discontinue your company. 我不能追随你了。
From June 30, McDonald's in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen will begin to phase out plastic straws for both dine-in and take-out, expanding to all stores in China by the end of 2020. The move is expected to reduce plastic waste by approximately 400 tons a year, according Chinese language news outlet The Paper.
从6月30日起，北京、上海、广州和深圳的麦当劳将开始逐步停用堂食和外带的塑料吸管，到2020年底将扩大到中国的所有门店。据中国新闻媒体澎湃新闻（The Paper）报道，此举预计每年可减少约400吨塑料垃圾。
dine-in 堂食
take-out 外带
phase out
表示“逐步淘汰；分阶段停止使用”，英文解释为“If something is phased out, people gradually stop using it.”举个🌰：
They said the present examination system should be phased out.
他们说现行的考试制度应该逐步淘汰。
🎬电影《致命魔术》（The Prestige）中的台词提到：We keep doing the trick until Borden opens and then we'll phase it out. 继续表演 直到波登开幕 我们再喊停。
📺美剧《老友记》（Friends）第六季中的台词提到：Why don't you phase it out? Yeah, phase the accent out. 慢慢把口音改掉。
The move is in keeping with China's national plan to phase out single-use plastics which came into effect in January of this year, in an effort to combat its growing domestic trash problem.
此举符合中国逐步停用一次性塑料制品的国家计划，该计划已于今年1月生效，旨在解决其日益严重的生活垃圾问题。
Among other things, the guidelines enforce a nationwide ban on plastic straws and disposable cutlery by the end of 2020, as well as a ban on plastic bags in major cities by the end of 2020, and nationwide by 2022. In addition, China's restaurant industry is required to trim down consumption of all single-use plastic items by an additional 30% by the end of 2025.
其中，该规定要求2020年底前在全国范围内禁用塑料吸管和一次性餐具，并于2020年底前在主要城市内禁用塑料袋，到2022年在全国范围内实行。此外，中国餐饮业要在2025年底前将所有一次性塑料用品的消费量再削减30%。
cutlery
disposable cutlery 一次性餐具；表示“餐具（刀、叉和匙）”，英文解释为“knives, forks and spoons, used for eating and serving food”。
trim
1）表示“修剪”，可以作动词或名词，英文解释为“If you trim something, for example, someone's hair, you cut off small amounts of it in order to make it look neater.”举个🌰：
My friend trims my hair every four weeks.
我朋友每隔四周就为我修剪一次头发。
2）表示“削减；除去”，英文解释为“If a government or other organization trims something such as a plan, policy, or amount, they reduce it slightly in extent or size.”举个🌰：
American companies looked at ways they could trim these costs.
美国公司研究了他们可能削减成本的方案。
3）trim down表示“（使）变小；缩减”（to become smaller in size; to make sth smaller）
Using the diet he's trimmed down from 90 kilos to 70.
通过控制饮食，他的体重从90公斤减到了70公斤。
Currently China is facing a staggering trash problem — its largest landfill in Shaanxi province, with a capacity of 34 million cubic meters, filled up 25 years earlier than expected. Plastic has increasingly played a role in global solid waste and chokes oceans and rivers as well as landfills, and China is the largest producer of it worldwide, with nearly 60 million tons a year.
目前，中国正面临着惊人的垃圾问题——陕西省最大的垃圾填埋场，容量为3400万立方米，将比预期的要早25年时间被填满。塑料在全球固体废物中的占比越来越大，充斥在海洋、河流中，垃圾填埋场也不堪重负。中国是全球最大的塑料生产国，年产量近6000万吨。
staggering
表示“令人震惊的”，英文解释为“Something that is staggering is very surprising.”如：a staggering $20 million in short- and long-term debt 令人震惊的两千万美元的短长期债务。
🎬电影《迷失东京》（Lost in Translation）中的台词提到：- Just staggering, unbearable pain. - Ooh, that's too bad. - 疼得难以忍受 - 真不走运。
🎬电影《电锯惊魂6》（Saw VI）中的台词提到：and the subsequent cost to you will be staggering. 代价将会非常大/惊人。
choke
1）在俄网红庆生往浴池倒约30公斤干冰中我们提到，表示“（使）窒息；（使）哽噎；（使）呼吸困难”，英文解释为“If you choke, or if something chokes you, you stop breathing because something is blocking your throat. She choked to death on a fish bone. To make someone stop breathing by pressing their throat with the hands”举个🌰：
The men pushed him into the entrance of a nearby building, where they choked him with his tie.
那些男人把他推进了附近一座大楼的入口处，然后在那里用他的领带将他勒死了。
2）此处显然不是这个含义，它还可以表示“阻塞，塞满，堵塞（通道、空间等）”，英文解释为“to block or fill a passage, space, etc. so that movement is difficult”举个🌰：
The pond was choked with rotten leaves.
池塘被腐烂的叶子塞满了。
In lieu of sweeping legislations, both companies and volunteers in the past few years have taken it upon themselves to respond to this plastic problem in their own ways.
在过去的几年里，企业和志愿者在用自己的方式解决塑料带来的问题，而不是依照笼统的法规行事。
in lieu of
in lieu of等同于instead of，表示“替代，取代”，举个🌰：
They gave some books in lieu of payment for the work I did.
对我做的这些工作，他们给了我一些书作为报酬而不是付钱。
🎬电影《魔法奇缘》（Enchanted）中的台词提到：So in lieu of taking advice from a forest rodent, 与其听从森林里一只啮齿动物的建议 不如...
🎬电影《V字仇杀队》（V for Vendetta）中的台词提到：Because while the truncheon may be used in lieu of conversation, words will always retain their power. 因为在警棍可以用来代替谈话的时候，语言会一直保留它的威力。也有翻译成：因为尽管沉默代替了谈话，言语却总是能保持它的力量。
注：中文文本仅供参考，并非一一对应
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