仁爱英语八年级下册-语法复习练习【可下载打印】
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仁爱英语八年级下册 语法复习练习
一，系动词及用法。
大多数联系动词后面接形容词，seem后还可接不定式, be后可接副词、名词、介词短语等。联系动词和后面的表语一起构成句子的谓语。初中阶段常见的联系动词有be , look(看起来)，seem（似乎，好像），feel(感觉，感到)，sound(听起来)，smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），get(变)，become(变得，成为)，turn(变)，go（变），grow(变)，等。 表示变化的系动词的区别： 天气变化用get; 颜色的变化用turn; 由好变坏用go; 逐渐变化用grow; 好变坏、坏变好用become 或get;成为用become. 翻译下列句型：
1. 这朵花闻起来很香(sweet________________________
2. 这种食物尝起来是可口的（delicious）___________________
3. 她似乎很担心。____________________________
4. 她感到烦恼。______________________________
5. 这首歌听起来很优美。_________________________
6. 树木变得越来越绿。____________________________
7. 我感到失望。______________________________
8. 天气变得越来越暖和。_________________________
二，状语从句
1. He took off his coat _______ he felt hot. A. because B. as C. if D. since
2. It is ______ that we’d like to go out for a walk.
A. a lovely day B. too lovely a day C. so lovely a day D. such lovely a day
3. Mary had ______ much work to do that she wasbusy all day. A. such B. so C. too D. very
4. _______ I felt very tired, I tried to finish the work. A. Although B. Because C. As D. As if 15. ______ the day went on, the weather got worse. A. With B. Since C. While D. As
6. ______ well you can drive, you must drive carefully.
A. So long as B. In order that C. No matter how D. The moment
7. Write to me as soon as you ________ to Beijing. A. will get B. get C. getting D. got
1. 布鲁斯太太对学生非常亲切，以至于学生都很喜欢她。
Mrs Bruce was _______ kind to her students ______ they all______ her very much .
2. 只要我们竭尽全力，父母就会满意我们的表现。
Our parents will be pleased with our performance _____ _____ ______ we try our best.
3. 你一到上海就给我打个电话好吗？
Will you please call me ______ ______ ______ you get to Shanghai.
4. 虽然她很忙，她还坚持自学英语。
_______ _______ ______ _______, she kept on learning English by herself.
5. 他长大后想当一名老师。
He wants to be a teacher ______ _______ _______ _______.
6 如果人人为保护环境做出贡献，世界将会变得更美好。
______ ______ ______ _____ _______ to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.
7. 李明昨天没来上学，因为他病了。
Li Ming didn’t come to school _______ _______ ______ ______
三、宾语从句
1. 宾语从句的连接词
宾语从句是一种主从复合句，在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。根据宾语从句原先（做
宾语之前）的句式，我们把宾语从句分为三类。
1）. 宾语从句原先是陈述句的，由that连接。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，可省略。
He said. He wanted to stay at home. He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
She doesn’t know. She is seriously ill. She doesn’t know___________________
I am sure . He will succeed. I am sure _______________________________________.
2）. 宾语从句原先是特殊疑问句的，由其本身疑问词连接。连接代词
who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：
Do you know ？Who (whom) are they waiting for?
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?
Can you tell me? Where is the No.3 bus stop ? ________________________________
I don’t know. Why is the train late? ______________________________________
3）.宾语从句原先是一般疑问句的， 由if或whether。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。
I want to know. Does he live there? I want to know if he lives there?
He asked me. Was there a book store on Center Street? ________________________
2. 宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句（主谓式）的语序。
例如： I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.
I think (that) you will like this school soon. Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?
Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.
3. 宾语从句的时态
1） 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。 如：
I don’t think (that) you are right. Please tell us where he is.
Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
2） 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进
行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如： He asked what time it was.
He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.
He asked if you had written to Peter.
He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.
3） 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例
Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.
宾语从句的口诀：
学习宾从要注意，时态语序和连词。 时态主从要呼应： 主句若为现在时，从句时态随句意。 主句若为过去时，从句时态变过去。 宾从所示表真理，时态不变不怀疑。
语序要用陈述序，切莫照搬疑问句。 That连接陈述句，省与不省要注意。 从句若表“是否”时，if/whether 要牢记。 特殊问句做宾语，仍用原来疑问词。 三个问题要记牢，切莫丢东又往西。
( )1．They want to know ______ do to help us.
A. what they can B. how they can C. how can they D. what can they
( )2．His teacher ______ he ______ bright and ______ he was worth teaching.
A. didn’t think; was; that B. thought was; whether
C. didn’t think; was; × D .thought; wasn´t; ×
( )3．______ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where
学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。 1.引导词
1．从句为陈述句，常选择引导词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。
2．从句为一般疑问句，常选择if或whether。在 whether … or not 结构中不能用 if 替换。
3．从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what, when, where, which, who, how等的疑问代、副词作引导词。注意：当who为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他
2.判断时态情况
1．主句是一般现在时，从句为各种时态情况。
2．主句是一般过去时，从句为各种相应过去时态注意；描绘客观事实，用一般现在时。
( )1. The teacher told the children that the sun____ round. A. was B. is C. were D. are
( ) 2. I believe that our team____ the basketball match. A. win B. won C. will win D. wins( ) 3. I don’t know____ to visit the old man. A. whether B. if C. that D. who
3.宾语从句的用法
1．that引导宾语从句无意义，不充当句子成分常省略。但下列情况除外：
(1)．介词宾语从句的that不省略
(2)．and连接的几个从句，第二个从句以后的从句的that不省略。
He told me (that) he had two sons and that they both had gone to college.
(3)．在动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句结构中，that不省略。
I heard it said that he had gone abroad
We found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time
2.Whether,if 引导宾语从句：两词可互换，但是下列情形除外：
(1)whether从句中有or not (2)介词后用whether.
Eerything depends on whether you agree with us
3．宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序
错: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.
正: He is wondering _______ finish this difficult job.
4 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。 即否定前移。
错: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher. .
正: I ________ think he _____ the Englishteacher.
5. 主句一般过去时态，从句也要用过去时态；即主过从过。
错: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.
正: He wanted to know __________ _________ _________ crying in the corner.
宾语从句 从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。
1. I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow. _________ he comes, I'll tell you．
A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If
2. I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow.
A. when does he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether he'll come
3. Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is?
A. what B. how C. whether D. where
4. Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help?
A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. what he mended
5. I want to know _________. A. whom is she looking after
B. whom she is looking C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after
6. Do you know where _________ now?
A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live
7. Do you know what time _________?
A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves
8. I don't know _________. Can you tell me, please?
A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players
C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are
9. The small children don't know _________.
A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockings
C. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings
10. I can't understand _________.
A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does mean
C. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas means
II. 按要求转换句型。
1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?（改写句子）
Could you tell us _________ Mr. Brown _________ living in China?
2. "Does the girl need any help?” he asked me.（变为复合句）
He asked me _________ the girl _________ some help．
3. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either.（合并为一个句子）
_________ Jim _________Tom is a student.
4. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）
I want to know _________ the train _________.
5. They went home after they had finished their homework. (用not．．．until改写)
They _________ go home _________ they had finished their homework．
6. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. (改为含宾语从句的复合句)
Li Lei wants to know _________ Peter _________ here yesterday.
宾语从句专项训练参考答案： I. 1—5DDDCD 6—10ADDBD II. 1. if／whether; enjoys
2. if／whether; needed 3. Neither; nor 4. when; leaves 5. didn't; until 6. whether; came
四，形容词和副词比较等级：
21.In China families are becoming ____ with ____ children.
A, small, few B, smaller, fewer C, smallest, fewest D, smaller, less
22.Why does she look so ____? Did she hail in the exam again?
A, interested B, exciting C, unhappy D, surprised
23.The boss tried to finish the work with ____ money and ____ people.
A, less, fewer B, fewer, few C, few, less, D, little, less
24.Mike went to school today because he felt ____.
A, enough well B, good enough C, enough good D, well enough
25.I’m sorry I’m late. There is ____ with my bike.
A, anything wrong B, something wrong C, wrong anything D, wrong something
26.What’s the matter with Tom? He looks ____.
A, unhappy B, hungrily C, sadly D, happily
27.Now Mr. Brown drives much ____ than he did two years ago.
A, careful B, carefully C, more careful D, more carefully
28.Is there ____ in today’s newspaper?
A, something new B, new something C, any new things D, anything new
29.Which is ____, cotton, wood or iron?
A, heavier B, heaviest C, the heaviest D, the most heaviest
30.In my opinion, Tim doesn’t write English ____ his sister.
A, as clear as B, so clear as C, more clearly as D, as clearly as
31.A: Is there ____ in today’s newspaper? B: Yes.
A, anything important B, any important thing C, important anything D, any things important
32.He spoke ____ for everyone in the class to hear.
A, enough loud B, loud enough C, louder enough D, enough louder
33.Your idea sounds much ____ than his.
A, interesting B, interested C, more interesting D, more interested
34. Ships come and go on the river ____ boats.
A, as noisy as B, noisier than C, as noisily as D, much noisily than
35.The train travels at top speed. The underlined part means ____.
A, the best B, the tallest C, the fastest D, the farthest
词性变换：
1.I’m afraid that I can’t afford (负担) such an ______________ cell phone. (expense)
2.Dogs can help blind people walk across the street ______________. (safe)
3.Please read the test paper ______________ before you do it. (careful)
4.There are ______________ than 200 passengers on his plane. (much)
5.Here is a ______________ present for your birthday. (love)
6.He is not as ______________ to us as his sister. (friend)
7.You ______________ helped me a lot. Thank you very much indeed. (real)
8.The little girl was so ______________ when she saw the traffic accident. (frighten)
形容词、副词参考答案 21-30 BCADB ADDCD 31-35 ABCCC 词性变换：
1.expensive 2.safely 3.carefully 4.more 5.lovely 6.friendly 7.really 8.frightened
五，动词不定式
基本形式：to+动词原形（肯定形式） Not to+动词原形（否定形式）
特征：没有人称和数的变化。
常用句型： It’s + adj (+ for sb） + to do sth. Too+ adj + to do sth.
动词不定式可以跟疑问词连用。 例如. I don’t know what to do\ how to do it.
1. What do you want______________(be) when you grow up?
2. The police officer told the boys___________________(not play) soccer on the road.
3. Tony asked his grandpa____________________(give) him a toy car for his birthday.
4. He decided_______________________(make) decisions by himself from now on.
5. The workers plan____________________(build) the bridge in two years.
6. I am really sorry______________________(hear) that.
7. Would you like something__________________(drink)?
8. His brother taught him____________(play) basketball.
9. Li Yang advised me _________（not drink） too much.
10. You need ______(see)a doctor when you have headaches often.
六，常用的表达方式
1，关于花费： Sth.cost sb.+钱
Sb. spend+时\钱 in、on sth.\doing sth. It take sb\时 to do sth. Sb.pay 钱 for sth.
1. I'm interested in animals,so I___every saturday working in an animal hospital .
A. Pay B. cost C. take D. spend
2. They spend too much time_______ the report.
A. writing B. to write C. on writing D. write
3. --What beautiful shoes you’re wearing! They must be expensive． --No，they only____l0 yuan.
A．spent B．took C．paid D．cost
4. --Will you please for my dinner Peter? --Sure! A. spend B. pay C. cost D.take
5. It will _____me too much time to read this book. A. take B. cost C. spend D.pay
6. This science book __ me a great amount of money. A. took B.cost C used D.spent
7.-Do you often get online?
-Yes, I ____ lots of time on it. It’s a good way to kill time. A. cost B. spend C.take D. pay
2，特殊疑问词+不定式。（what to do\how to do it）
3，表示方位的介词区别
In the + 方位名词 + of… 指某一范围内的地区。（中国，北京） to the + 方位名词 + of… 指互不接壤互不管辖的地区。（中国，日本） on the + 方位名词 +of… 相互接壤但互不管辖的地区。（中国，尼泊尔）
( ) 1 The United States is ____ the south of Canada and ___ the east of Japan.
A. to; in B. on; to C. in; beside D. at; on
( ) 2 The man stood____the window, watching the boys playing outside. A. in B. by C. to
( ) 3 Japan lies____ the east of China. A. on B/ to C. in D. with
4，目的状语从句。(同结果状语从句) So…that… 引导的状语从句。
So + adj. / adv. +that…、so + adj. + an/a +名词单数+ that… 如此……以至于…… 用于引导主句导致的结果。 Such +n. + that.从句。 同样表示 如此……以至于。 不同：so 后面接形容词或副词，such 后面接名词。 So that. 引导结果状语从句，表示 因此、所以。
1．她是如此的疲惫，以致于很快就睡着了。
She was _____________ she ______________ quickly.
2. 这是一本非常有趣的小说，以致于我读了三遍。
It was ___________________ novel that read it three times.
3. 他跑得非常快，没人能追上他。 He runs _________ nobody can catch up with him.
4. 玛丽有如此多的工作要做，以致于她整天呆在办公室。
Mary had ______________ to do that she stayed at her office all day.
5. Pop music is such an important part of society ______ it has even influenced our language.
A. as B. that C. which D. where
6.His plan was such a good one _________we all agreed to accept it. A. as B. that C. so D. and
7. The book was written in _____ easy English _____ even students could understand it.
A. so; that B. such; that C. too; to D. very; that
8. Zhou Libo is good at making people laugh. His lively shows were _____ hot that tickets sold
out in minutes.A. very B. too C. such D. so
1 形容词、副词的比较等级
1.原级：表示A与B在某方面相同。as…as…,not as/so… as ..
注意：not as / so… as = less…than 不及；不如. less+原形，否定的比较级.
eg. This book isn’tas interesting as that one
= This book is_________ _______________ _________ thatone.
=That book is_________ _______________ _________thisone.
2.比较级：两者进行比较（常与than连用）
Which is _________useful, this one or that one? 哪本书更有趣，这本还是那本？
3.最高级：三者（或三者以上）进行比较（常与表范围的in, of短语连用）
1)Shanghai is the___________(big) city in China.
2)He runs _________(fast)in our class.
3)He is the__________(tall) of the three boys.
4.形、副比较等级的其他用法
1) “比较级and 比较级”表示“越来越……”
lazier and lazier 越来越懒.
注意：多音节词用此结构时应为more and more + (形、副). more and more beautiful 越来越漂亮
2) “the比较级，the比较级” “越……，越……”
_________________you are, ______________ you will get.你越懒，收获越少。
注意: the 后是用形容词还是副词。
你越细心。The more ____________ you are. =The more______________ you do.
3) “the比较级of +二者”“二者中较……的一个”Lucy is the ___________(young) of the twins.
4)表示二者相差多少用“具体数量 + 比较级”
他比我高一个头。He’s a __________ ____________ than me.
My brotheris________ _________ ________ than me.(大两岁)
5)表示“是……几倍”时用“twice; three times等 + as…as”
This book ___________________ as __________ as that one. 这本书的价钱是那本书的两倍。
He has ___________________ as _________ books as I have 他拥有的书是我拥有的四倍。
6)区别older/ elder与farther / further
older（年龄较老的） elder（指兄弟姐妹中排行在前的）eg. My ______ brother is ______ than me.
farther (指距离“较远的”)further(指抽象事物的“更进一步的”)
1)He went abroadfor ________ studies.
2)Beijing is_________ from our hometown than Chongqing.
形、副比较等级还应注意
1.比较级前用a little ……一点儿; much/ a lot ; even / still，表示“；……得多；更….
1) a little bigger大一点儿 2)much more 多得多3)evenheavier更重
但注意：不能在比较级前加so; too; very; quite等。这些词用在原形前。
2.比较级必须是同类事物相比（即as; than后的词应与主语是The同类事物），注意常用漏的代词有：that; those; one; ones。
My hair is longerthan _________ (she)
The silk or woolenscarves feel softer than ________ made of cotton.
3.个体与整体相比，不能包括个体，常用“any other + 单数名词”来进行比较。
1）Betty(是个体) is cleverer than any student in herclass(是整体). ( × )
正：Betty is cleverer than ________ _________ student in her class.
= Betty iscleverer than ( ________ ) _________students in her class.
=Betty is clevererthan ___________ __________ in herclass.
= ____________________ is clever than Betty.
=Betty is the_______________in her class.
2)China is biggerthan __________ _________ in Africa.中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。
3) China is biggerthan ________ ________ _________in Asia. 中国比亚洲任何一个其他国家大。
*4.使用最高级时应把主语包括在范围内。
Mary is thetallest of all her sisters.( × ) (all her sisters已排除了Mary)
改：Mary is the tallest of all the sisters.
5.表示“第二、第三……”时，可在最高级前加“second , third, …”（但“第一”可以省略用first）Yellow River is the __________ ____________ river in China,
2 句子分析
一、句子成分
（一）句子成分的定义：有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和_______。
（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）
It isnecessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.
2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks.（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.
（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。His job is to teach English.（不定式）
（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）
宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.
（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They made him their monitor.
（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。例如：His father named him Dongming.（名词）
（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：
Our monitor is always the first to enter theclassroom.（不定式短语）
（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。
状语种类如下：
1 How about meeting again at six?（_______状语）
2 Last night she didn't go to the dance partybecause of the rain.（_________状语）
3 I shall go there if it doesn't rain.（_________状语）
4 Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（_________状语）
5 She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方_________状语）
6 She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴_______状语）
7 In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（_________状语）
8 He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（________状语）
9 She works very hard though she is old.（_________状语）
10 I am taller than he is.（__________状语）
二、简单句、并列句和复合句
（一）句子种类两种分类法
1、按句子的用途可分四种：
1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didn't hear of youbefore.
2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is hesix or seven years old? Mary can swim, can't she?
3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don't talk in class
4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!
2、按句子的结构可分三种：
1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。
2）并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。 You help him and he helps you.
3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。
（二）简单句的五种基本句型
1、主语+系动词+表语：e.g. He is a student.
2、主语+不及物动词：e.g.We work.
3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.
4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g. My father bought me a car.
5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.
注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。
（三）并列句的分类
1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。. Theteacher's name is Smith, and the student's name is John.
2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。. Hurry up, or you'll miss thetrain.
3、表示转折，常用的连词有but,still, however, yet, while,等。.
4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有because, so, for, since, for等。.
（四）考点探讨
1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解，在书面表达中，没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。
2、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是命题的热点之一。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合于一体来考查。一个题目，几个考点，是近几年命题的发展趋势。
Let’s go,_______ _________? Don’t do it like that,________ _________?
3、对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。如：and, but, or, while，以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。
4、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起，以宾语从句与状语从句最为明显，时间从句与条件从句中，如果主句是将来时，从句则用一般式表将来，这一点在高考中经常考查。
如：We willgo outing if it _________ ___________(不下雨)tomorrow.
3 状语从句
时间状语从句，其连接词有：after， before， when， as， as soon as， until(till)， while， since， by其中较难掌握的有以下几点：
1 until (till) 直到，在用 until表达时间状语的句子中，主句中的动词是要十分小心去选择。如动词是持续性动词，它要用肯定句，如：I studied hard ________ 12 o'clock last night.如果动词是瞬间截止性动词，则要用否定句，如：He ______go to bed_______ until his mothercame back.
2 在状语从句中用一般现在时或一般过去时表示将来。它们可能是主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，如：If it rains, they won't go to the park onSunday.as 强调随着时间推移，当…时。
考试中常见的考点有：要学生区别是条件、时间状语从句还是宾语从句，因在宾语从句中该用什么时态用什么时态，如：I want to know if he will come here tomorrow.
if it rains, he will not come.
原因状语从句中主要是
① because，因为.表达的因果关系最强，如：He didn't pass the exam because he didn'tstudy hard② since 应译为"既然"，如：Since you were ill yesterday, I left somenotes on your desk.
③ as 应译为"由于"，如： As it is too hot we'd better goswimming.
since 与 as 所表达的因果关系远比because 弱得多。而 for 表达的因果关系最弱。它不能用于句首，如： He studies hard, for he wants to go to college.
比较状语从句中有同级比较 as … as，要注意的有两点：①as … as 中间要用原级而不是比较级。②用形容词还是副词，如：Mary writes as carefully as Tom.Mary is as careful as Tom.
4 宾语从句
( )1．They want to know ______ do to help us. A. what they can B. how they can C. how can they D. what can they ( )2．His teacher ______ he ______ bright and ______ he was worth teaching. A. didn’t think; was; that B. thought was; whether C. didn’t think; was; × D .thought; wasn´t; × ( )3．______ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。
1.引导词
1．从句为陈述句，常选择引导词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。
2．从句为一般疑问句，常选择引导词if或whether。在 whether … or not 结构中不能用 if 替换。3．从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what, when, where, which, who, how等的疑问代、副词作引导词。注意：当who为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他
2.判断时态情况
1．主句是一般现在时，从句为各种时态情况。
2．主句是一般过去时，从句为各种相应过去时态注意；描绘客观事实，用一般现在时。
（ ）1． The teacher told the children that thesun____ round.
A. was B. is C. were D. are
( ) 2． I believe that our team____ the basketballmatch.
A. win B. won C. will win D. wins
( ) 3． I don’t know____ to visit the old man.
A.whether B. if C.that D. who
3.宾语从句的用法
1．that引导宾语从句无意义，不充当句子成分常省略。但下列情况除外：
(1)．介词宾语从句的that不省略
(2)．and连接的几个从句，第二个从句以后的从句的that不省略。
He told me (that) he had two sons and that they bothhad gone to college.
(3)．在动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句结构中，that不省略。
I heard it said that he had gone abroad
We found it impossible that he could finish it in sucha short time
2.Whether,if 引导宾语从句：两词可互换，但是下列情形除外：
(1)whether从句中有or not (2)介词后用whether. Eerything depends on whether you agree withus
3．宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序
False: He is wondering when can he finish thisdifficult job.
Right: He is wondering _______ finish this difficult job.
4 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。即否定前移。
F: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher. . T: I _________think he _____ the English teacher.
5. 主句一般过去时态，从句也要用过去时态；即主过从过。
False: Hewanted to know why he is crying in the corner.
Right: Hewanted to know __________ __________________ crying in the corner.
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