NIH：8问脓毒症【中英文对照】

脓毒症，好文推荐：

01

1.What is sepsis?

Sepsis is your body's overactive and extreme response to an infection. Sepsis is a life-threatening medical emergency. Without quick treatment, it can lead to tissue damage, organ failure, and even death.

1.何为脓毒症？

脓毒症是机体对感染过度的、严重的反应，是危及生命的急症。救治不及时，脓毒症会导致组织损伤、器官衰竭甚至是死亡。

02

2.What causes sepsis?

Sepsis happens when an infection you already have triggers a chain reaction throughout your body.Bacterial infections are the most common cause, but other types of infections can also cause it.

The infections are often in the lungs, stomach, kidneys, or bladder. It's possible for sepsis to begin with a small cut that gets infected or with an infection that develops after surgery. Sometimes, sepsis can occur in people who didn't even know that they had an infection.

2.脓毒症病因？

当机体存在感染且这种感染激发了一连串的全身反应的时候，就会出现脓毒症。细菌感染是最常见的病原体，但其他病原体也可导致脓毒症。感染常见部位有：肺、腹部、肾、膀胱。脓毒症也可由很小的伤口感染或手术后感染诱发。有时候，脓毒症的感染部位无法明确。

03

3.Who is at risk for sepsis?

Anyone with an infection could get sepsis. But certain people are at higher risk:

• Adults 65 or older

• People with chronic conditions, such as diabetes,lung disease, cancer, and kidney disease

• People with weakened immune systems

• Pregnant women

• Children younger than one

3.脓毒症的高危人群有哪些？

任何感染都可发展成为脓毒症，但有些特定人群危险系数较高，如：

• 65岁以上

• 慢性病患者如糖尿病、肺病、肿瘤、肾脏疾病

• 免疫系统受损

• 孕妇

• 1岁以下

04

4.What are the symptoms of sepsis?

Sepsis can cause one or more of these symptoms:

• Rapid breathing and heart rate

• Shortness of breath

• Confusion or disorientation

• Extreme pain or discomfort

• Fever, shivering, or feeling very cold

• Clammy or sweaty skin

It's important to get medical care right away if you think you might have sepsis or if your infection is not getting better or is getting worse.

4.脓毒症症状？

脓毒症可以导致以下症状：

• 呼吸增快、心率增快

• 呼吸短促

• 意识障碍、定向力障碍

• 疼痛、不适

• 发热、寒战、畏寒

• 皮肤黏湿、湿冷

05

5.What other problems can sepsis cause?

Severe cases of sepsis can lead to septic shock, where your blood pressure drops to a dangerous level and multiple organs can fail.

5.脓毒症还可以引起什么问题？

脓毒症重症患者可以出现脓毒症休克，此时患者血压下降至危险水平，并出现器官功能障碍。

06

6.How is sepsis diagnosed?

Your health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis

• A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms

• A physical exam, including checking vital signs (your temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing)

• Lab tests that check for signs of infection or organ damage

• Imaging tests such as an x-ray or a CT scan to find the location of the infection

Many of the signs and symptoms of sepsis can also be caused by other medical conditions. This may make sepsis hard to diagnose in its early stages.

6.如何诊断脓毒症？

可以通过很多途径来诊断脓毒症：

• 病史采集，包括患者症状

• 体格检查，包括一些体征诸如体温、血压、心率、呼吸

• 实验室检查，诸如感染指标和器官功能

• 影像学，诸如X线和CT，这能够帮助确定感染部位

需要知道的是，脓毒症的症状和体征还可以由其他疾病引起，这会导致脓毒症诊断困难，尤其是无法早期诊断脓毒症。

07

7.What are the treatments for sepsis?

It is very important to get treatment right away. Treatment usually includes

• Antibiotics

• Maintaining blood flow to organs. This may involve getting oxygen and intravenous (IV) fluids

• Treating the source of the infection

• If needed, medicines to increase blood pressure

In serious cases, you might need kidney dialysis or a breathing tube. Some people need surgery to remove tissue damaged by the infection.

7.如何治疗脓毒症？

脓毒症救治讲究时效性，越快越好，治疗措施包括：

• 抗生素

• 维持器官灌注需要的血压；这涉及到氧输送、静脉输液等

• 治疗感染部位

• 如果需要，可使用药物提高血压

重症患者可能需要肾脏替代和呼吸支持。一些患者需要接受手术治疗，移除感染所致的损伤组织。

08

8.Can sepsis be prevented?

To prevent sepsis, you should try to prevent getting an infection:

• Take good care of any chronic health conditions that you have

• Get recommended vaccines

• Practice good hygiene, such as handwashing

• Keep cuts clean and covered until healed

8.脓毒症能预防吗？

预防脓毒症，需要做到以下几项：

• 关注慢性病患者，注意其身体情况

• 预防接种

• 注意手卫生，降低院内感染发生率

• 保持伤口卫生

来源：NIH官网: National Institute of General Medical SciencesCenters for Disease Control and Prevention

完