Leave No Trace | 山野无痕

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Leave No Trace is built on seven core principles that are used to communicate the best available minimum impact guidance for enjoying the outdoors responsibly. The Seven Principles of Leave No Trace were developed to help educate and guide recreationists in sustainable minimum impact practices that mitigate or avoid recreation-related impacts.

LNT | 山野无痕 七大原则

1. Plan Ahead and Prepare

事先计划和准备

Proper trip planning and preparation helps hikers and campers accomplish trip goals safely and enjoyably while minimizing damage to natural and cultural resources. Campers who plan ahead can avoid unexpected situations, and minimize their impact by complying with area regulations such as observing limitations on group size. Schedule your trek to avoid times of high use. Obtain permits or permission to use the area for your trek.

Proper planning ensures

• Low-risk adventures because campers obtained information concerning geography and weather and prepared accordingly

• Properly located campsites because campers allotted enough time to reach their destination

• Appropriate campfires and minimal trash because of careful meal planning and food repackaging and proper equipment

• Comfortable and fun camping and hiking experiences because the outing matches the skill level of the participants
  
  

1. 了解当地的生态环境状况，以及相关的管制规定，如明令禁止穿越的地方最好不要去；

2. 对天气、可能危险以及紧急事故的应变要有所准备；                                    

3. 避开高峰时期，降低对当地户外环境的集中负荷；

4. 以小队伍的方式前往，将大团体拆成4-6人的小队伍；

5. 用地图与指南针定位（一般情况下建议直接使用户外地图软件，如户外助手）， 减少路标、旗帜的使用；   

6. 重新分装食物，尽量减少垃圾，如吃了一半的食物尽量打包带走，不要丢弃；

2. Travel and Camp on Durable Surfaces

在坚实的地面上行进和露营

Damage to land occurs when visitors trample vegetation or communities of organisms beyond recovery. The resulting barren areas develop into undesirable trails, campsites, and soil erosion.

Concentrate Activity, or Spread Out?

• In high-use areas, campers should concentrate their activities where vegetation is already absent. Minimize resource damage by using existing trails and selecting designated or existing campsites. Keep campsites small by arranging tents in close proximity.

• In more remote, less-traveled areas, campers should generally spread out. When hiking, take different paths to avoid creating new trails that cause erosion. When camping, disperse tents and cooking activities–and move camp daily to avoid creating permanent-looking campsites. Avoid places where impacts are just beginning to show. Always choose the most durable surfaces available: rock, gravel, sand, compacted soil, dry grasses, or snow.

These guidelines apply to most alpine settings and may be different for other areas, such as deserts. Learn the Leave No Trace techniques for your crew’s specific activity or destination. Check with land managers to be sure of the proper technique.

1. 坚实的地表包括现成的步道、露营区、岩石地、砾石地、干草地或雪地；

2. 保护水源，扎营至少要远离湖或河岸60米远；

3. 好的扎营地是寻找出来的，而非自己造出来的，尽量控制营地面积，不要过大；

在热门路线区: 

1. 使用现成的步道和营地，避免开发出新步道与营地；

2. 尽量缩小营地范围，活动集中在无植物生态处；

在人迹罕至区:    

1. 在从未被使用过的地方扎营，而不要扎在被轻微使用过的地方

2. 营地最好能耐受人类的踩踏，例如岩石、砾石地、沙地。其次选择干草地，比较不能耐受人类冲击的是有丰富植被的地表、覆盖树叶的森林地；

3. Dispose of Waste Properly (Pack It In, Pack It Out)

妥善处理垃圾

This simple yet effective saying motivates back-country visitors to take their trash home with them. It makes sense to carry out of the backcountry the extra materials taken there by your group or others. Inspect your campsite for trash or spilled foods. Accept the challenge of packing out all trash, leftover food, and litter.

Sanitation

Backcountry users create body waste and wastewater that require proper disposal.

Wastewater. Help prevent contamination of natural water sources: After straining food particles, properly dispose of dishwater by dispersing at least 200 feet (about 80 to 100 strides for a youth) from springs, streams, and lakes. Use biodegradable soap 200 feet or more from any water source.

Human Waste. Proper human waste disposal helps prevent the spread of disease and exposure to others. Catholes 6 to 8 inches deep in humus and 200 feet from water, trails, and campsites are often the easiest and most practical way to dispose of feces.

1. 背上山的东西通通都要背下山；

2. 检查所经之处，把垃圾、食物残渣、纸屑全部带出去；

3. 排泻物埋在10-20公分深，离水源、营地或步道至少60米远的猫洞里；

4. 卫生纸与其他卫生用品都要带出去；

5. 禁用不可分解的洗涤剂，切勿直接在水源中洗脸、刷牙、清洗衣物或洗菜。洗碗水应滤渣后分散洒掉；

4. Leave What You Find

保持自然原貌

Allow others a sense of discovery, and preserve the past. Leave rocks, plants, animals, archaeological artifacts, and other objects as you find them. Examine but do not touch cultural or historical structures and artifacts. It may be illegal to remove artifacts.

Minimize Site Alterations

Do not dig tent trenches or build lean-tos, tables, or chairs. Never hammer nails into trees, hack at trees with hatchets or saws, or damage bark and roots by tying horses to trees for extended periods. Replace surface rocks or twigs that you cleared from the campsite. On high-impact sites, clean the area and dismantle inappropriate user-built facilities such as multiple fire rings and log seats or tables.

Good campsites are found, not made. Avoid altering a site, digging trenches, or building structures.

1. 保持岩石、植物和其他自然物的原貌；

2. 观察，而不去触碰文化或历史遗迹；

3. 避免引入非原生的物种；

4. 不要修筑、开挖，以免破坏原有的生态环境；

5. Minimize Campfire Impacts 

注意野外用火

Some people would not think of camping without a campfire. Yet the naturalness of many areas has been degraded by overuse of fires and increasing demand for firewood.

Lightweight camp stoves make low-impact camping possible by encouraging a shift away from fires. Stoves are fast, eliminate the need for firewood, and make cleanup after meals easier. After dinner, enjoy a candle lantern instead of a fire.

If you build a fire, the most important consideration is the potential for resource damage. Whenever possible, use an existing campfire ring in a well-placed campsite. Choose not to have a fire in areas where wood is scarce–at higher elevations, in heavily used areas with a limited wood supply, or in desert settings.

True Leave No Trace fires are small. Use dead and downed wood that can be broken easily by hand. When possible, burn all wood to ash and remove all unburned trash and food from the fire ring. If a site has two or more fire rings, you may dismantle all but one and scatter the materials in the surrounding area. Be certain all wood and campfire debris is dead out.

1. 营火会对自然环境产生极大且长久的影响，请使用便携炉具煮食和营灯照明；

2. 如果迫不得要生火，首先要确认在你所待的地方生火是否合法，有没有引发森林大火的可能；尽量生小火，不要砍树，只取用地上的小树枝；

3. 将木炭烧成灰烬，浇灭营火，分散冷却的灰烬；

6. Respect Wildlife

尊重野生动植物

Quick movements and loud noises are stressful to animals. Considerate campers practice these safety methods:

• Observe wildlife from afar to avoid disturbing them.

• Give animals a wide berth, especially during breeding, nesting, and birthing seasons.

• Store food securely and keep garbage and food scraps away from animals so they will not acquire bad habits. Never feed wildlife. Help keep wildlife wild.

You are too close if an animal alters its normal activities.

1. 在适当的距离外观察野生动物，不要跟踪、靠近它们；

2. 严禁喂食野生动物。喂食将破坏它们的健康、改变它们的自然行为，并且使它们暴露在掠食者或其他的危险之中；

3. 保管好食物和垃圾，避免让当地的野生动物养成造访营地的习惯；

4. 管好自己带来的宠物，或者干脆不要将宠物带至野外。

7. Be Considerate of Other Visitors

考虑其他户外活动者

Thoughtful campers respect other visitors and protect the quality of their experience.

• Travel and camp in small groups (no more than the group size prescribed by land managers).

• Let nature’s sounds prevail. Keep the noise down and leave radios, tape players, and pets at home.

• Select campsites away from other groups to help preserve their solitude.

• Always travel and camp quietly to avoid disturbing other visitors.

• Make sure the colors of clothing and gear blend with the environment.

• Respect private property and leave gates (open or closed) as found.

Be considerate of other campers and respect their privacy.

1. 适当考虑别人的感受，尊重他人生活习惯；

2. 保持礼貌，礼让负重者和上坡者；

3. 避免喧哗或制造噪音；

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