小词详解 | gambit
gambit 英 [ˈɡæmbɪt] 美 [ˈɡæmbɪt]
SAT TEM8
外刊例句
A step away from globalism—Donald Trump’s most consistent campaign theme—could make for an awkward opening gambit given pockets of Republican resistance to overt protectionism.
“离全球主义远一步”是特朗普最为一以贯之的竞选主题,但考虑到小部分共和党人拒绝过于明显的贸易保护主义,这可能会是一步拙劣的开局。
——《经济学人》Although this antibody treatment cannot distinguish between normal and misbehaving T cells, the gambit has proved successful.
虽然这种抗体疗法无法分辨 T 细胞的正常与否,但结果证明这一招相当成功。
——《时代周刊》
基本释义
[noun] (in chess) an opening in which a player makes a sacrifice, typically of a pawn, for the sake of some compensating advantage
[名词] (国际象棋中)棋手为了某种补偿性优势而做出牺牲的开局,通常是牺牲一个兵
深入解读
Gambit 是一个比 ambit (权力、影响所及的范围、界限)就多了一个首字母 G 的单词。该词源自意大利语 gamba (腿),17世纪中期经意大利语 gambetto (绊倒)进入英语后,即用在国际象棋中表示“开局让棋法”,也就是开局时冒险牺牲一个棋子或多个棋子以稍后取得有利位置等补偿优势的下棋法。
从这个概念出发,等到了1855年后, gambit 很自然地就被用来表示“开头一招、精心策划的一招”,尤指带有风险的“策略、险招”,同样意味着为了未来的某种优势或利益而在局势开始时冒险牺牲某些东西,比如:
她巧妙的开局险招使她抢占了先机。现在她显然正津津有味地回味着那一刻。
Her clever opening gambit gave her an early advantage. Now she is savouring the moment with obvious relish.
此外, gambit 也可用来表示“开场白”,即为了开启与某人的对话而开口说的一段经过设计的话,比如:
他最喜欢的开场白是:“你真漂亮。想喝一杯吗?”
His favourite opening gambit is: 'You are so beautiful. Fancy a drink?'
名著用例
I am not speaking metaphorically; nor is this the opening gambit of some melodramatic, riddling, grubby appeal for pity.
我这不是比喻,这也不是什么耸人听闻、故意叫人摸不透、卑鄙的恳求怜悯的开场白。
出自印裔英国作家萨尔曼·鲁西迪(Salman Rushdie,又译萨尔曼·拉什迪)在1981年出版的长篇小说《午夜之子》(Midnight's Children)。
同近义词
stratagem: a plan or scheme, especially one used to outwit an opponent or achieve an end
tactic: an action or strategy carefully planned to achieve a specific end
maneuver: a carefully planned scheme or action, especially one involving deception
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