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MTI备考|| 5月新闻热词汇总
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热词，
是备考MTI的重要内容，
高校喜结合热点热词进行命题；
研宝们在复习的过程中，
一定多关注新闻时事，
日积月累。
加油！
下面，
就和小马君一起来看看
二零二零年五月，
有哪些新闻热词吧！
长征五号B运载火箭 Long March-5B carrier rocket
5月5日，长征五号B运载火箭首次飞行任务取得圆满成功，拉开了我国空间站在轨建造阶段飞行任务的序幕。The China Manned Space Agency said the flight of the carrier rocket Long March-5B successfully verified the overall design and technologies of the new rocket and also marked the beginning of the third stage in China's manned space program, which aims to put a manned space station into orbit.中国载人航天工程办公室表示，长征五号B运载火箭首飞成功，验证了新型火箭的总体设计和技术，同时也标志着我国载人航天工程第三阶段——空间站在轨建造——拉开序幕。
珠峰高程测量 measure the height of Mount Qomolangma
5月6日，2020珠峰高程测量登山队出发仪式在珠峰登山大本营举行。30多名测量队员5月6日从珠峰大本营向更高海拔出发，开启珠峰高程登顶测量。珠穆朗玛峰是世界最高峰。The team, consisting of professional climbers and surveyors from the Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), will seize the current weather window and attempt for the summit at the optimal time.
此次测量登山队由专业登山运动员和自然资源部的测绘人员构成。队员们力争抓住近日的好天气窗口，择日登顶测量。Members of a Chinese surveying team reached Mt. Qomolangma summit at 11 am Wednesday.
5月27日上午11时整， 2020珠峰高程测量登山队成功登上珠穆朗玛峰峰顶。
500米以上建筑 buildings taller than 500 meters
住建部和国家发改委联合下发通知，要求严格限制各地盲目规划建设超高层“摩天楼”。No buildings taller than 500 meters will be allowed unless their plans are approved by the two central government bodies following strict examinations, said the document.通知指出，一般不得新建500米以上建筑，各地因特殊情况确需建设的，应进行严格审查后上报住建部和发改委复核。Provincial housing and urban-rural development departments are authorized to approve construction of buildings over 250 meters in height, though plans for such buildings need to be registered at the ministry.
新建250米以上建筑由省级住房和城乡建设部门进行建筑方案审查，并报住房和城乡建设部备案。Management will be intensified for construction of big public facilities, including stadiums, museums, exhibition halls and theaters, to prevent imitation in architecture designs.
各地要对体育场馆、展览馆、博物馆、大剧院等超大体量公共建筑进行严格管理，严禁建筑模仿、山寨行为。
免戴口罩政策 mask-free policy
国家卫健委、教育部日前制定《中小学校新冠肺炎疫情防控技术方案(修订版)》(以下简称《方案》)。Primary and secondary school students no longer need to wear masks on campuses in areas with a low risk of COVID-19, according to the protocols.《方案》明确，低风险地区校园内学生不需佩戴口罩。Teachers of such schools are also allowed to go mask-free when giving class, while it is not recommended for infants and kids to wear masks in nurseries and kindergartens.
老师授课时不需戴口罩，同时，幼托机构幼童不建议戴口罩。Janitors, sanitation workers and canteen workers are required to wear masks.
校门值守人员、清洁人员及食堂工作人员等应当佩戴口罩。
户外120分钟 two-hour outdoor activities
As schools nationwide have gradually reopened following the stabilization of the domestic novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic, the National Health Commission has urged schools to ensure sufficient outdoor activities for students.随着国内新冠肺炎疫情稳定，全国各地的学校陆续复课，国家卫健委敦促学校确保学生有充足的户外活动时间。国家卫健委疾控局监察专员王斌指出，Schools should guarantee at least two hours of outdoor activities a day for pupils. For students who have been diagnosed as nearsighted, the outdoor hours can be extended.
学校应每天保证两小时以上的孩子户外活动时间。对于已经近视的孩子来说，应该更长时间进行户外活动。It is important to urge children to go outside during recess while making sure that sports activities are rolled out at staggered hours.
学校应确保学生在大课间能在户外活动，同时也要确保错时、错峰开展体育活动。
解封 easing of lockdown
The World Health Organization said on Monday that a slow, steady easing of lockdown measures will be key in stimulating economies while keeping a vigilant eye on the novel coronavirus.The organization had received reports of more than 4 million cases of COVID-19 across the world by Monday.世界卫生组织5月11日表示，缓慢稳步解除封锁措施将是促进经济恢复并对新冠病毒保持警惕的关键。当日，世界卫生组织接到的新冠肺炎病例报告已超过400万例。世卫组织总干事谭德赛（Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus）表示：Many countries have used the lockdown time to ramp up their ability to test, trace, isolate, and care for patients, which is the best way to track the virus, slow the spread, and take pressure off the health systems.
许多国家利用采取封锁措施的时间来提高检测、追踪、隔离和医治病人的能力，这是追踪病毒、减缓传播和减轻卫生系统压力的最佳方式。The good news is that there has been a great deal of success in slowing the virus and ultimately saving lives. Strong lockdown measures have come at a cost, with serious social and economic impact and a detrimental effect on many people's lives.
好消息是，我们在减慢病毒传播速度和最终挽救生命方面取得了巨大成功。采取这些严厉措施是需要付出代价的。封锁措施造成严重的社会经济影响，波及无数人的生计。To protect lives and livelihoods, a slow, steady lifting of lockdowns is key to both stimulating economies, while also keeping a vigilant eye on the virus, so that control measures can be quickly implemented if an upswing in cases is identified.
为了保护生命和生计，缓慢而逐步解除封锁是刺激经济、同时保持对病毒高度警惕的关键，以便在发现病例回升时迅速采取控制措施。
复课 class resumption
5月12日上午，教育部召开新闻发布会，介绍教育系统开学复课、校园疫情防控情况。教育部表示，截至5月11日，已返校复课的学生总数为10779.2万，超过1个亿，占学生总数的39%。In most of China's provincial-level regions, universities, secondary vocational schools, middle schools and primary schools are resuming classes, according to the ministry.
在全国多数省级以上地区，高校、中等职业学校、中学以及小学均开始复课。
视频连线 video link
国务院总理李克强5月13日主持召开国务院常务会议，部署做好今年全国两会期间各部门听取全国人大代表和政协委员意见建议工作。Given the need for continued COVID-19 containment, the meeting called for adopting new ways for taking in views and suggestions of national legislators and political advisors, including via video-link, phone calls and the internet. These views and suggestions would help the government to learn more about the situation on the ground, especially the hopes of market players and the general public.考虑到目前仍处于疫情常态化防控的特殊情况，会议提出要创新听取代表和委员意见建议的方式，通过视频、电话、网络等了解代表和委员反映的实情，尤其是市场主体和人民群众的期盼。根据全国两会有关安排，会议确定，Officials of government departments concerned will attend through video link the break-out sessions of NPC deputies to deliberate on the government work report. The departments are required to study carefully and provide feedback to the views and suggestions within their respective purview.
统一安排有关部门通过视频连线，旁听全国人大代表审议政府工作报告的各个小组会议直播，全程听取意见建议。对涉及本部门职责的，各部门要认真研究并作出答复。The meeting directed each government department to set up a special task force headed by its leading official and a hot-line for national legislators and political advisors operated by designated staff members. Content of these calls should be duly taken down and the subject matters addressed and responded to before the two sessions close.
各部门均要成立由部门负责同志牵头的两会工作专班，设置代表和委员热线电话，安排专人值守接听。对代表和委员来电认真记录，在大会闭幕前予以说明和答复。The State Council General Office is required to comb through the minutes of the meetings of national legislators and political advisors and carefully study all the views and suggestions concerning the government work. Where actions are called for, the General Office should swiftly bring the relevant issues to the attention of the competent departments, and see to it that replies are made.
国务院办公厅要收集和梳理全国人大、全国政协会议简报中涉及政府工作的事项，认真研究代表和委员提出的意见建议，对需要办理的要及时转交相关部门办理，并督促做好反馈答复。
高校毕业生直招士官 recruiting university graduates for non-commissioned officer roles
国防部征兵办公室今年将首次面向全国普通高校毕业生直接招收士官，全国征兵网（http://www.gfbzb.gov.cn）将于5月15日开通直招士官网上报名窗口。The non-commissioned officers will be recruited simultaneously with the recruitment of compulsory service personnel this year. This will be running from Aug 1 to Sept 30.
今年直招士官工作将与下半年义务兵征集同步展开，8月1日开始，9月30日结束。
心形纪念币 heart-shaped commemorative coins
中国人民银行定于5月20日发行2020吉祥文化金银纪念币一套。据中国人民银行网站介绍，该套纪念币共6枚，其中金质纪念币2枚，银质纪念币3枚，金银双金属纪念币1枚，均为中华人民共和国法定货币。Chinese characters Jixiang, meaning auspiciousness, dominates the obverse of the coins, while the reverse sides are decorated with traditional patterns such as cranes, lilies and goldfish, all symbols of auspiciousness and fortune.
该套纪念币正面图案均为“吉祥”文字造型，背面有鹤、百合、金鱼等代表吉祥富贵的传统装饰图案。
平均工资 average salary
日前，国家统计局发布2019年城镇非私营单位、城镇私营单位和规模以上企业分岗位就业人员年平均工资情况。In non-private sectors, urban employees' inflation-adjusted real growth of the average salary rose by 6.8 percent to 90,501 yuan, according to data from the National Bureau of Statistics.国家统计局的数据显示，全国城镇非私营单位就业人员年平均工资为90501元，根据通胀调整后比上年实际增长6.8%。In private sectors, the annual average salary stood at 53,604 yuan, up 5.2 percent year on year after deducting price factors.
城镇私营单位就业人员年平均工资为53604元，扣除价格因素后比上年实际增长5.2%。
量化指标 quantitative targets
国务院5月19日对外公布2019年《政府工作报告》量化指标任务落实情况表，38项指标任务均已完成。国内生产总值 GDPThe 2019 government work report set a target of 6 to 6.5 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) growth from the previous year.2019年《政府工作报告》提出国内生产总值增长6%-6.5%的目标。Last year, China's GDP reached 99.09 trillion yuan (about 13.98 trillion U.S. dollars), up 6.1 percent from the previous year, in line with the annual target.
去年国内生产总值达990865亿元，比上年增长6.1%，符合年度预期目标。就业 employmentThe report aimed to create more than 11 million urban jobs in 2019 and keep the registered urban unemployment rate within 4.5 percent.
报告提出，2019年城镇新增就业1100万人以上，城镇登记失业率4.5%以内。Both targets were met, as about 13.52 million urban jobs were created last year and the registered urban unemployment rate stood at 3.62 percent.
去年全国城镇新增就业1352万人，城镇登记失业率为3.62%，完成年度目标。减税降费 tax cut and fee reductionThe report proposed axing businesses' burden in taxes and social security payment by nearly 2 trillion yuan in 2019. It also aimed to bring the tax rate down to 13 percent from 16 percent in sectors such as manufacturing.
报告提出，2019年减轻企业税收和社保缴费负担近2万亿元，制造业等行业现行16%的税率降至13%。Last year's tax cut and fee reduction exceeded 2.3 trillion yuan, and the 16-percent tax rate in industries such as manufacturing went down to 13 percent.
去年全年减税降费超过2.3万亿元，制造业等行业现行16%的税率降至13%。民生 people's livelihoodThe report aimed to lift more than 10 million rural people out of poverty, build and renovate 200,000 kilometers of rural roads, and cut the average charge for mobile network traffic by more than 20 percent.
报告明确，2019年减少农村贫困人口1000万以上、新建改建农村公路20万公里、移动网络流量平均资费再降低20%以上。In 2019, China lifted 11.09 million rural people out of poverty, built and renovated 290,000 kilometers of rural roads, and cut the average charge for mobile network traffic by 41 percent from the previous year.
去年全国农村贫困人口减少1109万人、新建改建农村公路29万公里、移动网络流量平均资费较上年降低41%。环保 environmental protectionThe report set targets that emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides will drop by 3 percent, while chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen emissions will shrink by 2 percent in 2019.
报告明确，2019年二氧化硫、氮氧化物排放量下降3%，化学需氧量、氨氮排放量下降2%。It turned out that the emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides went down by 4.4 percent and 3.5 percent respectively, while chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen emissions shrank by 3.2 percent and 3.3 percent respectively last year from the previous year.
去年全国二氧化硫、氮氧化物排放量分别下降4.4%和3.5%，化学需氧量、氨氮排放量分别下降3.2%和3.3%。
行李全流程跟踪 whole-journey luggage tracking
近日，民航局宣布民航行李全流程跟踪系统试点航线试点成功。China has started a pilot project for whole-journey luggage tracking systems at six major airports, according to the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC). These airports include Beijing Capital International Airport, Beijing Daxing International Airport, and Shanghai Hongqiao, Guangzhou Baiyun, Shenzhen Bao'an and Chongqing Jiangbei airports.民航局表示，我国已经在六家大型机场启动行李全流程跟踪系统试点。这六家机场包括北京首都国际机场，北京大兴国际机场，上海虹桥、广州白云、深圳宝安以及重庆江北机场。According to a three-step plan, by the end of 2021, the CAAC will push forward the application of whole-journey luggage tracking on all domestic air routes in mega airports with an annual passenger throughput of at least 10 million. By the end of 2025, the service will be applied on all domestic air routes, and extend to some international routes, according to the plan.
根据“三步走”战略，2021年年底全国千万级机场间国内航线将实现行李全流程跟踪，2025年年底将实现国内航线全覆盖和国际航线有突破。As of mid-May, three air routes and six major airports across the country were capable of providing services for passengers to track luggage during their whole journey, said the CAAC.
民航局介绍，截至5月中旬，全国已有三条航线、六家机场（即“三线六点”）能够为旅客提供行李全流程追踪服务。
关于建立健全香港特别行政区维护国家安全的法律制度和执行机制的决定（草案） a draft decision on establishing and improving the legal system and enforcement mechanisms for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) to safeguard national security
十三届全国人大三次会议5月21日晚举行新闻发布会，大会发言人张业遂就会议议程和人大有关工作回答了中外记者提问。根据会议议程，本次大会将审议《全国人民代表大会关于建立健全香港特别行政区维护国家安全的法律制度和执行机制的决定（草案）》。十三届全国人大三次会议大会发言人张业遂在新闻发布会上说，National security is the bedrock underpinning the stability of the country.
国家安全是安邦定国的重要基石。Safeguarding national security serves the fundamental interests of all Chinese including Hong Kong compatriots.
维护国家安全是包括香港同胞在内的全国各族人民的根本利益所在。The fourth plenary session of the 19th Communist Party of China Central Committee clearly required a legal framework and enforcement mechanisms to be established for safeguarding national security in the HKSAR.
党的十九届四中全会明确提出：“建立健全特别行政区维护国家安全的法律制度和执行机制”。The HKSAR is an inseparable part of the People's Republic of China, and the NPC is the highest organ of state power.In light of the new circumstances and need, the NPC is exercising the power enshrined in the Constitution to establish and improve at the state level the legal system and enforcement mechanisms for the HKSAR to safeguard national security, and to uphold and improve the institutional framework of "one country, two systems".
香港特别行政区是中华人民共和国不可分离的部分。全国人民代表大会是最高国家权力机关，根据新的形势和需要，行使宪法赋予的职权，从国家层面建立健全香港特别行政区维护国家安全的法律制度和执行机制，坚持和完善“一国两制”制度体系，是完全必要的。
政府工作报告 government work report
“两个维护”、“四个意识”、“四个自信”、“六稳”、“六保”......政府工作报告里提到的这些缩略语都代表什么呢？“放管服”改革（简政放权、放管结合、优化服务改革）streamline the government, delegate power, and improve government services“两个维护”（坚决维护习近平总书记党中央的核心、全党的核心地位，坚决维护党中央权威和集中统一领导）
resolutely uphold General Secretary Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and resolutely uphold the Party Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership三大攻坚战（防范化解重大风险、精准脱贫、污染防治攻坚战）
the three critical battles against major risks, poverty, and pollution“四风”（形式主义、官僚主义、享乐主义和奢靡之风）
the practice of formalities for formalities' sake, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance“四个意识”（政治意识、大局意识、核心意识、看齐意识）
consciousness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment“四个自信”（中国特色社会主义道路自信、理论自信、制度自信、文化自信）
confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics“六稳”（稳就业、稳金融、稳外贸、稳外资、稳投资、稳预期）
ensure stability in employment, financial operations, foreign trade, foreign investment, domestic investment, and expectations“六保”（保居民就业、保基本民生、保市场主体、保粮食能源安全、保产业链供应链稳定、保基层运转）
ensure security in job, basic living needs, operations of market entities, food and energy security, stable industrial and supply chains, and the normal functioning of primary-level governments“两新一重”（新型基础设施、新型城镇化、重大工程）
new infrastructure, new urbanization initiatives and major projects
公共卫生领域立法 legislation on public health
受全国人大常委会委托，全国人大常委会委员长栗战书5月25日向十三届全国人大三次会议作《全国人民代表大会常务委员会工作报告》。China's top legislature said it will prioritize legislation on public health this year.全国人大常委会表示今年将加强公共卫生领域立法。In its annual work report， the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC) said it plans to revise the Wildlife Protection Law， the Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases， the Frontier Health and Quarantine Law， and the Emergency Response Law in 2020.
全国人大常委会工作报告指出，今年将对野生动物保护法、传染病防治法、国境卫生检疫法、突发事件应对法进行修改。
外国国家豁免法 foreign states immunities law
全国人大代表、北京市社会科学院法学所研究员马一德在接受记者采访时表示，建议尽快制定符合我国国情的外国国家豁免法（foreign states immunities law）。Formulating a foreign states immunities law will protect the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese citizens as well as foreign investors, said Ma Yide, a deputy to the National People's Congress (NPC) and a law researcher at the Beijing Academy of Social Sciences. It will also counteract malicious litigations raised in countries like the United States towards China over the COVID-19 response, Ma told reporters.全国人大代表、北京市社会科学院法学所研究员马一德对记者表示，制定外国国家豁免法将平等保护我国国民和外国投资者合法权益，同时对等反制美国等以新冠肺炎疫情向中国提出的恶意指控。
绿色通道 green channel
中国民航局于5月25日下发了《关于建立复产复工国际客运包机计划审批“绿色通道”的通知》。民航局表示，已针对复产复工国际客运包机建立“绿色通道”，优化工作流程。China has recently opened a "fast-track lane" with several countries for essential personnel on urgent visits in the areas of commerce, logistics, production and technological services.
中国近期与多个国家开通“快捷通道”，为重要商务、物流、生产、技术服务等急需人员往来提供方便。
民法典 the Civil Code
十三届全国人大三次会议以2879票赞成、2票反对、5票弃权，高票表决通过《中华人民共和国民法典》。In addition to general and supplementary provisions, the Civil Code includes six parts on real rights, contracts, personality rights, marriage and family, inheritance, and tort liabilities.除总则和附则之外，《民法典》包括物权、合同、人格权、婚姻家庭、继承、侵权责任这六编。The personal rights, property rights and other lawful rights and interests of the parties to civil legal relations shall be protected by law and shall not be infringed upon by any organization or individual, reads the Civil Code in its opening chapter.
《民法典》在总则部分明确，民事主体的人身权利、财产权利以及其他合法权益受法律保护，任何组织和个人不得侵犯。
保护人格尊严
The part on personality rights includes provisions on a civil subject's rights to life, body, health, name, portrait, reputation and privacy, among others.人格权编包括民事主体享有的生命权、身体权、健康权、姓名权、肖像权、名誉权、隐私权等权利。The part features stipulations on regulating studies related to human genes or embryos, strengthening privacy protection, banning sexual harassment, and other prominent issues of public concern.
人格权编还对严格规范与人体基因、人体胚胎等有关的科研活动，加强隐私保护，禁止性骚扰，以及其他公众关注的重要问题进行了规定。
适应新的实际情况
Data and online virtual assets are also legally protected, according to the Civil Code.《民法典》规定，数据及网络虚拟财产也受法律保护。Personal information includes an individual's name, birthdate, identity card number, fingerprints, home address and phone number, as well as email addresses and location data.
个人信息的范围包括自然人的姓名、出生日期、身份证件号码、个人生物识别信息、住址、电话号码，以及电子邮箱地址和行踪信息。此外，《民法典》还对紧急情况下保护个人权利的条款做了微调。For example, if the guardian of a child is unable to perform his or her duties due to emergencies like being put under medical isolation, primary-level Party committees or civil affairs authorities must take over the guardianship, according to the code.
比如，儿童的监护人在医学隔离等紧急情况下无法履行监护责任的，基层党委或民政部门必须承担起监护责任。Lawmakers say drafting the code is not about formulating a new civil law but rather systematically incorporating existing civil laws and regulations, modifying and improving them to adapt to new situations while maintaining their consistency.
人大代表们表示，起草《民法典》并不是制定一部新的民法，而是将现有的民事法律法规进行系统整合，在保持其一致性的前提下，根据新形势进行修订和完善。The Civil Code will take effect on Jan 1, 2021.
《民法典》自2021年1月1日起施行。
图文来源：中国日报网
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