中国黄金周，外媒怎么报道？

眼睛一闭一睁，小长假就结束了，大家是不是带着一身膘以及一行李箱的父母的爱回来了呢？跟春节期间的冷冷清清不同，十一期间到处人头攒动，高速堵车，旅游景点也是人山人海。

这一派热闹的景象证明中国抗疫的成功经验，也预示中国经济的复苏劲头。

那中国的黄金周，外媒是怎么报道的呢？今天我们一起来看一下CNN和BBC的新闻。

一、黄金周人头攒动的景象

先来看CNN的标题：

标题很好理解，swarm和surge两个词就体现出人山人海、旅游火爆的场景。

swarm作名词指“一大群(昆虫)”，比如a swarm of bees / locusts 一大群蜜蜂 / 蝗虫，文中作动词，比喻人群像一大群昆虫一样来回移动，用法为「人群+swarm+地点」，所以Crowds swarm the Great Wall of China可以翻译成：中国长城人头攒动。

surge也是一个很有力度的小词，表示“激增”，同suddenly increase，所以 travel surges during holiday week的意思是：黄金周期间旅游激增。

Crowds swarm the Great Wall

CNN的第一段话展示了中国黄金周期间各地游客爆满的场景：

①Photos of the tourist attraction in Beijing last weekend show massive crowds crammed along the winding wall, pressed together in close quarters and squeezing past each other through narrow doorways. ②Most are wearing face masks -- but a number of people, including young children, pulled their masks down to their chin, and a few seem to have foregone masks entirely.

上周末在北京长城拍摄的照片显示，蜿蜒的城墙旁人潮涌动，他们相互挤压着，穿过狭窄的门道。大多数人都戴着口罩，但也有一些人（包括小孩在内）把口罩拉到下巴，还有一些人似乎完全抛弃了口罩。

这段话就像一组镜头，先拍摄整体，记录了人潮涌动的情景，然后把镜头拉近，转为特写，描述了人们面部细节：有人带着口罩，有人把口罩拉下来，有人完全不带。

这段话有三个词用得特别到位：cram、press和squeeze.

这几个词都比较简单，cram和swarm的含义、用法类似，为「人群+cram+地点」，在「外卖小课」中我们就学过这个词。

此外，cram由“塞进、塞满”还可以引申出“死记硬背”的意思（把知识塞满大脑），比如，在《鱼翅与花椒》有一段话记录了作者Fuchsia学汉语的艰难过程：

Learning Chinese characters is a painful process anyway; it nearly breaks you. They say that, to read a newspaper you need to know two or three thousand, and that's only a fraction of the number of characters in existence. So you cram them into your head, writing them out, again and again, on little cards that you paste to the wall or read over breakfast.

学汉字怎么着都是个很痛苦的过程,特别是对于成年人,差不多要搞得你崩溃。他们说，要想读中文报纸，至少得认识两千到三千个汉字，而这不过是所有汉字中很少的一点点。你把这些字死记硬背塞进脑子里，一遍一遍地写，写在小卡片上、粘在墙上，吃早餐时反复诵读。

像极了学英语的我们。

press和squeeze类似，都表示“挤压”，文中pressed together 和 squeezing past each other 体现了一种摩肩接踵的感觉。

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后面通过数据继续体现出中国国内旅游的火爆：

In just the first four days of the holiday, 425 million domestic tourist trips were taken in China -- generating more than $45 billion in tourism revenue, according to data from the Ministry of Culture and Tourism.

文化和旅游部的数据显示，仅在黄金周前四天，中国国内旅游人次就达到4.25亿人次，创造了逾450亿美元的旅游收入。

425 million domestic tourist trips were taken源于一个固定搭配：take a trip 旅行。

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英国的《金融时报》(Financial Times)里也有一组数据：

Travel booking platform Ctrip estimates more than 600m trips will be made during the eight-day holiday, which combines China’s National Day and Mid-Autumn Festival. That figure represents about 80 per cent of the number of trips made in the same period last year.

旅游预订平台携程(Ctrip)估计，在为期8天的国庆和中秋节假期期间，将有逾6亿人次出行。这一数字约占去年同期出行人数的80%。

Travel booking platform指携程、去哪儿之类的“旅游预订平台”，这个固定说法要记住。

600m trips will be made，这里把take改成了make，make a trip 旅行。

“双节”怎么说？文中出现了一个很好的表达：the eight-day holiday, which combines China’s National Day and Mid-Autumn Festival，建议背过~

That figure represents about 80 per cent of the number of trips made in the same period last year.

represent 有to be的含义，表示“等于、相当于”，文中这句话的意思就是：这一数字（6亿人次）是去年同期的80%，言外之意是，国内旅游业已经恢复了80%。

再举个represent的例子：

This decision represents a significant departure from previous policy. (=This decision is a significant departure...)

这个决定意味着在很大程度上脱离了原先的政策。

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二、旅游业火爆的原因

为什么中国国内旅游会如此火爆？最主要的一条原因，就是疫情得到了控制，CNN是这么说的：

China's official reported virus numbers have stayed low since the spring. There have been a few flare-ups, including a cluster in Beijing in June, but these were met with immediate lockdown measures and mass testing, and the outbreaks were contained within a few weeks. 

据中国官方的报告，自春季以来，病毒数量一直保持较低水平。曾有过几次暴发，包括6月份在北京发生的聚集性疫情，但政府立即采取了封锁措施，并进行了大规模检测，疫情在几周内得到了控制。

With close to zero local transmissions, people flocked to bus stations, airports and transit hubs to travel around the country for the holiday.

由于地方传播几乎为零，人们纷纷涌向汽车站、机场和交通枢纽，在全国各地欢度黄金周。

我们先看第一句话：China's official reported virus numbers have stayed low since the spring.

stay和remain相同，后面加形容词，表示一种持续的状态，比如，我国外交部经常说的一句话是：

我们将继续奉行互利共赢的开放策略，绝不做以邻为壑、损人利己的事情。

“继续奉行...的策略”表达的是一种长期、持续性状态，不是奉行个三五年就完事儿，所以我们要用remain/stay把这层含义体现出来：

We will remain/stay committed to the open strategy of mutual benefit, and will reject any beggar-the-neighbor practice that serves one's own interests at the cost of others.

beggar-the-neighbor practice指“以邻为壑的做法”。

再看第二句话：There have been a few flare-ups, including a cluster in Beijing in June, but these were met with immediate lockdown measures and mass testing, and the outbreaks were contained within a few weeks.

flare-up和cluster都是名词，指聚集性疾病的暴发，和epidemic、pandemic相比，其规模要小很多。（了解endemic、epidemic、pandemic的区别，可阅读公众号文章《世界各国疫情梳理》）

在2020年5月28日的《经济学人》中，有篇文章分析了美国是如何应对疫情的，文中有句话也出现了flare-up：

In the best-organised states, which have built up testing capacity, it helps ensure that flare-ups can be spotted quickly and rules adjusted accordingly.

一些州组织极为有序，不断提高检测能力。在这些地方，各州分而治之的管理方法(it) 有助于确保能快速发现突发病例，并相应地调整规则。

另外，flare也可以指两方关系的紧张、局势的升级，有种剑拔弩张的感觉，常搭配tension：（BBC）

回到文中来，be met with是一个很地道的用法，文中these were met with immediate lockdown measures可先从字面角度去理解：这些聚集性疫情遇到了及时的封锁措施，转换一下思路就是：政府立即采取了封锁措施来控制疫情。

再看个类似的句子：

His suggestion was met with howls of protest. 

他的建议引起了一阵阵的抗议声。

最后一句：With close to zero local transmissions, people flocked to bus stations, airports and transit hubs to travel around the country for the holiday.

flock to后面加地点，表示“涌向、涌入”，可以和swarm, cram放到一起积累下来。

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BBC也提到了这次旅游热潮的主要原因：

China appears to have largely stopped the spread of the virus, and most restrictions have been lifted.

中国似乎已经在很大程度上阻止了病毒的传播，大多数限制措施也已经解除。

Images from China are worlds apart from a nation that was under lockdown earlier this year.

中国现在的景象已与今年初的截然不同。

表示“措施/限制解除”，可以用动词 lift 或 remove，文中 most restrictions have been lifted = most restrictions have been removed，大多数限制措施也已经解除。

be worlds apart 或 be a world apart是一个非常漂亮的固定搭配，字面意思是“一个世界的距离”，比喻“截然不同、天壤之别”，相当于 be very different。《经济学人》中曾有篇文章讲到了中国科技巨头，文中在讲“中国科技市场与世界不同”时，就用到了这个表达：

再举个例子，在关于“代际关系”“亲情”话题的写作中，我们可以说：

We and our parents are worlds apart.

我们和父母的观念有着天壤之别。

文中a nation that was under lockdown earlier this year指今年年初处于封城状态的中国。

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Financial Times是这么说的：

China’s recovery from coronavirus has been helped by an extensive test-and-trace regime. Mass testing campaigns in Wuhan and Beijing have begun to restore confidence among consumers.

中国从冠状病毒中复苏，这得益于覆盖面广的检测追踪制度。武汉和北京的大规模核酸检测活动使消费者信心得以恢复。

be helped by是一个很简单、但外刊中很常用的地道表达，可以理解成“得益于”，看两个例子，公众号文章《海外留学》中讲过这样一个句子：

Helped by a rapid increase in recent years in university places, the number of undergraduates has soared.

最近几年，得益于大学大幅扩招，本科生数量迅速增加。（place在这里是熟词僻义，表示“入学名额”）

在「外刊精读写作第10期」中我们讲过“无人驾驶汽车”这一话题，解析中讲过这么一句话：

It will grow by a robust 7% or more for the next several years, helped by free-spending consumers.

得益于消费者的慷慨消费，未来几年印度经济将以7%甚至更高的速度强劲增长。

文中an extensive test-and-trace regime指的是广泛的检测追踪制度。

regime常表示“政体”，这里是熟词僻义，表示“方法、制度”。

Mass testing campaigns指“大规模核酸检测行动”，campaign指为社会、商业或政治目的而进行的一系列有计划的活动。

人民是政府的一面镜子，只有把人民生命放在第一位，社会才能稳定，经济才能发展，政府才能有政绩。如果不顾人民生命安全而优先救市，几波疫情下来，政府公信力和商业信心必将会崩塌。还是那句话，要抓主要矛盾和矛盾的主要方面，在这场疫情中，生命安全是主要矛盾，救市是次要矛盾。

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三、敲黑板

这篇文章主要讲了：

• 形容黄金周的热闹景象，我们可以从画面角度去描述：「cram, swarm, flock to+地点」或press together、squeeze past each other；

  也可以从数字角度去描述：XX domestic tourist trips were taken/made, generate XX in tourism revenue, represent about 80% of the number of trips made in the same period last year.

• 旅游业火爆的最主要原因是：中国疫情得到了很好的控制。我们可以这么描述：Cases / Virus numbers have stayed low since the spring, the outbreaks were contained, stopped the spread of the virus；

  谈到政府强有力的抗疫措施时，可以用到以下表达：a few flare-ups were met with immediate lockdown measures and mass testing, an extensive test-and-trace regime, mass testing campaigns in Wuhan and Beijing。

中国刚开始封城的时候，西方媒体大谈“人权”、“自由”，而现在，中国率先实现了“人权”与“自由”，外媒集体选择沉默。

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