2019年科学突破奖揭晓 | 庄小威、陈志坚获“生命科学突破奖”，许晨阳获“数学新视野奖”

2018年10月17日，2019年科学突破奖（Breakthrough Prize）公布，其中华人科学家庄小威、陈志坚荣获“生命科学突破奖”。刚刚从北大加入MIT的许晨阳教授获得“数学新视野奖”。

科学突破奖官网给出的获奖理由如下：

Breakthrough Prize In Life Sciences

庄小威博士（哈佛大学、HHMI）

通过开发超分辨率成像技术来发现细胞中的隐藏结构——这种方法超越了光学显微镜的基本空间分辨率极限。

Xiaowei Zhuang – Harvard University and Howard Hughes Medical Institute

Citation: For discovering hidden structures in cells by developing super-resolution imaging – a method that transcends the fundamental spatial resolution limit of light microscopy.

Description: Xiaowei Zhuang was a child prodigy. At age six, she was able to identify the atmospheric force acting upon a glass of water, impressing her father, an aerodynamics professor at China’s leading science and technology university. Years later, a post-doc at Stanford at the dawn of the golden age of microscopy, she channeled her passion for physics into bioimaging and an exploration of biological systems. In her lab at Harvard University, she invented a super-resolution imaging method (STORM) which employs switchable fluorescent molecules to smash the boundaries imposed by the diffraction limit of traditional microscopes. The result: ultra-high resolution images of molecules and cellular structures 10,000x smaller than the width of a human hair. With STORM, her lab has discovered previously unknown cellular structures, such as a periodic membrane skeleton in neurons in the brain.

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陈志坚博士（德克萨斯大学西南医学中心、HHMI）

通过发现DNA传感酶cGAS，阐明DNA如何触发细胞内部的免疫和自身免疫反应。

Zhijian “James” Chen – University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute

Citation: For elucidating how DNA triggers immune and autoimmune responses from the interior of a cell through the discovery of the DNA-sensing enzyme cGAS.

Description: T-cells and other white blood cells are the frontline fighters of the immune system. Biochemist Zhijian (James) Chen has illuminated the workings of an underlying, innate immune system – operating out of every cell in our body that triggers the deployment (or over-deployment) of the fight-back response to virus, stress, radiation and other insults. Chen’s lab has shown how DNA brought in by an invader, or seeping out of a cell’s nucleus, is sensed by a protein, that, ultimately, activates the T-cells and white blood cells. He is now working to harness this powerful healing force to stop diseases like cancer; and to rein in the mechanism when it goes awry in auto-immune disorders such as arthritis and lupus. Chen grew up in a remote mountain village in China’s Fujian Province. Early in his childhood, he demonstrated an innate curiosity about nature and was encouraged by his parents to pursue a career in science. He emigrated to the US and earned his PhD at SUNY Buffalo. He believes science has no borders and that disease is our common enemy.

New Horizons In Mathematics Prize

许晨阳博士（MIT、北京国际数学研究中心）

Chenyang Xu – Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research

Citation: For major advances in the minimal model program and applications to the moduli of algebraic varieties.

关于科学突破奖：科学突破奖（Breakthrough Prize）是2012年起颁发的科学奖项，奖励在生命科学，数学和基础物理学领域有杰出贡献的人士。科学突破奖设生命科学突破奖、基础物理学突破奖、数学突破奖。这三个奖项是由谢尔盖·布林、安妮·沃西基、马克·扎克伯格、普莉希拉·陈、尤里·米尔纳、茱莉亚·米尔纳、马云和张瑛夫妇创立的。2017年，马化腾也成为该奖项的捐赠人。每位获奖者会获得三百万美元作为奖金，并且参与电视转播颁奖典礼以庆祝他们的成就并以鼓励其他的科学家。

本文转自“Epigenetics表观遗传学”、科学突破奖官网，药时代简单编辑/翻译。更多内容请点击“阅读原文”查看科学突破奖官网。版权归拥有者。衷心感谢！

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