学术视界｜SMJ：基于数字平台的共享经济企业的阈运动：Uber Technologies的案例 （附下载链接）

Liminal Movement by Digital Platform-Based Sharing Economy Ventures: The Case of Uber Technologies

基于数字平台的共享经济企业的阈运动：Uber Technologies的案例

作者

Raghu Garud

The Pennsylvania State University

Arun Kumaraswamy

Florida International University

Anna Roberts

The Pennsylvania State University

Le Xu

Florida International University

摘要

研究摘要：通过分析Uber Technologies在美国四个城市部署其拼车商业模式后的动态变化，我们探讨了基于数字平台的共享经济企业在确立其商业模式合法性时所面临的挑战。Uber进入每个城市，通过建立认知合法性来启动网络效应，同时加深由于其商业模式与现有法规不匹配而出现的社会政治合法性危机。在现有类别之间运行时，Uber使用了一系列相互关联的市场和非市场策略，我们将其称为“阈运动”，以产生认知和社会政治合法性。

管理摘要：基于数字平台的共享经济企业在其进入的每种环境中都面临着市场和制度上的挑战。进入市场后，这些企业必须迅速建立一个用户和服务提供商的生态系统，并与当地监管机构、管理人员和社会团体接触，以获得认可。一家企业生存和成功的关键是“阈运动”，或者说是它调整其数字平台和商业模式，以不断利用机会，并在出现问题时解决问题的能力。

Research Summary:We explore the challenges that digital platform-based sharing economy ventures confront in establishing legitimacy for their business models by examining the dynamics that ensued when Uber Technologies deployed its ridesharing business model in four U.S. cities. Uber entered each city to jumpstart network effects by establishing cognitive legitimacy while deepening a sociopolitical legitimacy crisis that emerged due to mismatches between its business model and existing regulations. Operating between existing categories, Uber used a series of interrelated market and nonmarket strategies, which we label as liminal movement, to generate cognitive and sociopolitical legitimacy.
Managerial Summary:Sharing economy ventures based on digital platforms confront market and institutional challenges in each context they enter. On entry, these ventures must rapidly build an ecosystem of users and service providers, and engage with local regulators, administrators, and social groups in order to gain acceptance. The key to a venture’s survival and success is liminal movement, or its ability to adapt its digital platform and business model to continually leverage opportunities and address concerns as they emerge.关键词

共享经济，平台，生态系统，商业模式，监管型创业

Keywords: Sharing economy, Platforms, Ecosystems, Business models, Regulatory entrepreneurship

文章来源：Garud, R., Kumaraswamy, A., Roberts, A., & Xu, L. (2020). Liminal movement by digital platform‐based sharing economy ventures: The case of Uber Technologies. Strategic Management Journal. 

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