CATTI备考笔记 | 纽约时报：新冠疫情对世界的影响（旅游、教育）
新冠肺炎仍是全世界共同关心的话题。
《纽约时报》发布多篇文章探讨新冠肺炎疫情对生活的影响。小编从多篇文章中选取了以下段落和观点，和大家一起学习~
No.1
新冠疫情重创亚州旅游业
标题
Impact of the Coronavirus Ripples Across Asia: ‘It Has Been Quiet, Like a Cemetery’
新冠疫情重创亚洲旅游业：沉寂如“墓地”
我们先来看看《纽约时报》对各大景点“无人问津”的现状的描绘：
HO CHI MINH CITY, Vietnam — The Arashiyama Bamboo Forest, one of the most visited sites in Kyoto, Japan, was quiet enough to hear the bamboo creaking in the wind.
越南胡志明市——岚山竹林是日本京都最受欢迎的景点之一，现在安静到可以听到竹叶在风中的窸窣声。
The Ngong Ping 360 cable cars in Hong Kong, which hover over Lantau Island and take passengers to a famous Buddha statue, hung motionless and empty.
载着乘客前往一座著名佛像的香港昂坪360缆车空无一人，静静悬挂在那里。
The crush of flag-following tour groups that usually cram the Lantern Bridge in Hoi An’s ancient town in central Vietnam had disappeared.
越南中部会安古城的灯笼桥上，成群结队跟随国旗的旅游团消失了。
And in Siem Reap, home to the ancient ruins of Angkor Wat in Cambodia, the usually busy Sala Lodges hadn’t had a new booking in three weeks.
在柬埔寨吴哥窟遗址所在地暹粒，通常生意繁忙的萨拉小屋(Sala Lodges)已经三周没有新的客房预订了。
我们来看看这4个景点和对应的情况描述：
胡志明市、岚山竹林
be quiet enough to hear the bamboo creaking in the wind
香港昂坪360缆车
hung motionless and empty
会安古城的灯笼桥
the crush of flag-following tour groups had disppeared
暹粒
the usually busy Sala Lodges hadn’t had a new booking in three weeks
看完描述，我们看3个词：creak, motionless, crush
1. creak
creak: to make the sound that a door sometimes makes when you open it or that a wooden floor sometimes makes when you step on it. 嘎吱作响
The bed-springs creaked
床的弹簧嘎吱作响
所以文中的“be quiet enough to hear the bamboo creaking in the wind”就翻译成了“安静到可以听见竹叶在风中的窸窣声”
2. motionless
这个词很好理解，motion的意思是“动作，移动”，所以“motionless”的意思是“纹丝不动的，一动不动的”，相当于“not moving”
She stood absolutely motionless.
她纹丝不动地站在那里。
《绝望的主妇》中也出现过这个词，我们一起来看看：
3. crush
我们都知道当crush作动词时，它表示“压坏，压伤”。
这个词还可以作名词，意思是“a crowd of people pressed close together in a small space 拥挤的人群”，相当于“crowd”
I couldn’t find a way through the crush
人太挤，我挤不过去
所以，the crush of flag-following tour groups就是在描述下图中的这个场景：
作者以小见大，通过描述几个著名景点的情况来影射受到重创的亚州旅游业。
我们来看看具体原因：The epidemic
The coronavirus epidemic is taking its toll on global tourism, which according to the World Travel & Tourism Council contributed $8.8 trillion to the world economy in 2018. Some economists say the epidemic could be the biggest drag on global economic growth since the financial crisis, with airlines alone expected to lose some $29 billion in revenues this year.
据世界旅游及旅行理事会(World Travel & Tourism Council)的数据，全球旅游业在2018年为世界经济贡献了8.8万亿美元。一些经济学家说，这场疫情可能是金融危机以来全球经济增长的最大负累，仅航空公司今年将损失约290亿美元的收入。
可以怎么表达“新冠肺炎对经济产生重大影响”？
a. take a toll on/ take its substantial toll on
e.g. The coronavirus outbreak is taking its substantial toll on the world economy.
b. extract a heavy toll on
e.g. The pandemic is extracting heavy toll on the world economy.
或者：
The pandemic causes great economic toll.
c. administer a shock to/deliver a shock to
e.g. The outbreak administers/delivers a shock to the global economy.
d. condemn sth to sth
e.g. Covid-19 condemns the world economy to grave – perhaps intolerable harm.
e. take a battering
e.g. The world economy is taking a battering due to the coronavirus outbreak.
The Asian countries closest to China, which is the epicenter of the outbreak and the world’s leading source of international travelers and tourism spending, are feeling the brunt of the crisis, but the effects are spreading. On Sunday, Venice cut short its annual carnival celebration, and the Italian government shut down travel to 10 towns in the Lombardy region after a surge in new cases there.
中国是全球主要的国际游客和旅游支出来源，也是此次疫情暴发的中心。与中国关系最密切的亚洲国家首当其冲，但其影响正在蔓延。周日，威尼斯缩短了一年一度的狂欢节，在伦巴第地区新病例激增后，意大利政府关闭了前往该地区10个城镇的进出通道。
我们重点看看这个表达：feel the brunt of the crisis
brunt 冲击，主要冲力
常见的固定搭配：
bear/take/feel the brunt of sth. 承受某事的主要压力（receive the main force of sth unpleasant）
Schools will bear the brunt of cuts in government spending.
政府削减开支，学校首当其冲受到影响。
如果我们想表达，“新冠肺炎爆发，亚洲国家旅游业首当其冲受到影响”，我们可以这样说：
The tourism in Asian countries feels the brunt of the coronavirus outbreak.
In recent years, countries in Southeast Asia invested heavily in resorts and casinos to capture the swelling ranks of Chinese tourists. Now airlines, hotels and tour operators are suffering from a rush of cancellations and a drop in future bookings, primarily from mainland China, but also from Western travelers spooked by the spread of the virus in the region.
近年来，东南亚国家大举投资度假村和赌场，以吸引不断增长的中国游客。现在，航空公司、酒店和旅游运营商都面临着大量取消预订和未来预订量下降的问题，这些预订主要来自中国大陆，但也有受到该地区病毒蔓延惊吓的西方游客。
我们首先看看“不断增长的”这个表达
看到中文，我们首先会想到“growing”这个词。我们看看原文“swelling”。
swell的本义是膨胀，所以swelling便有“不断上升的”的意思。
rank本义是“排，行，列”。ranks of Chinese tourists, 就是一列列的中国游客，即“大量的中国游客”
结合起来，swelling ranks of Chinese tourists就是“不断增长的中国游客”
接着我们来看一个词：spook
Spook = frighten = to become frightened.
We were spooked by the strange noises and lights.
那奇怪的声音和亮光把我们吓坏了
《经济学人》中的“paying to stop the pandemic”一文也用到了这个词：
Spooked, governments are rushing to impose controls that would have been unimaginable only a few weeks ago.
No.2
因疫情停课，美国大学生感到无助
标题
‘An Eviction Notice’: Chaos After Colleges Tell Students to Stay Away
因疫情停课，美国大学生的无助、担忧与混乱
在这篇文章里，《纽约时报》主要通过举例子的方式，描述不同学生的状况，很容易让人联想到文字背后的画面，感受到学生们真正遇到的问题。我们来看一些选段
圣安东尼奥的大一学生阿比盖尔·洛哈特-卡皮托
The day after colleges across the country suspended classes over fears of the coronavirus, Abigail Lockhart-Calpito, a freshman from San Antonio, ran across the Harvard campus trying to get answers. Her lectures were being replaced by online classes. Her residence hall was being cleared out. She, like thousands of others in her shoes, had a million questions: What was going to happen to her financial aid? Where would she stay? What about her credits?
全国大学院校因新冠病毒担忧停课的第二天，来自圣安东尼奥的大一学生阿比盖尔·洛哈特-卡皮托(Abigail Lockhart-Calpito)在哈佛校园里四处奔走寻找答案。她的课换成了在线教学。她的宿舍要腾空。现在，她和其他几万名面临同样处境的学生一样，脑中有无数疑问：助学金怎么办？搬到哪里去？学分呢？
可积累的表达
停课 suspend class
宿舍 residence hall
腾空/清空 be cleared out
我们再来看一个表达：in one’s shoes
这个表达的意思是“处于某人的位置”
Put yourself in one’s shoes 设身处地
文中所说的“like thousands of others in her shoes”意思就是“和她面临同样处境的学生一样”
这个表达非常有用也非常地道，我们不妨把它记下来。
Ms. Lockhart-Calpito, 19, is on full financial aid, which includes tuition, room and board. Her parents are self-employed, and she had scraped together airfare home for spring break by working two part-time jobs, as a tutor and as an usher and ticket seller. She is going to stay with a family friend instead of her parents, but she worries about wearing out her welcome.
19岁的洛哈特-卡皮托领着全额助学金，包括学费、住宿费和餐费。她父母是个体经营者，她自己勉强凑够了春假回家的机票，为此她要打两份零工，一份是家教，一份是领位兼售票员。她打算住在父母的一个朋友家中，而不是住父母那里，但是她担心，那家人可能会不太欢迎她。
这一段继续描述了洛哈特-卡皮托面临的处境。
on full financial aid表示“全额助学金”，这个助学金表示“tuition, room and board”
我们接着来看看scrape together这个表达
scrape: to manage to win or to get sth. with difficulty 艰难取得，勉强获得
I just scraped a pass in the exam.
我考场勉强及格。
那么scrape together表达的意思就是“东拼西凑”。
scrape together airfare就表示“东拼西凑凑够了机票费用”
我们再来看看另外一个表达：wear out one’s welcome 不受欢迎
wear out的意思是“磨损”，wear out one’s welcome字面意思是“把某人的欢迎磨损殆尽了”，所以就是“不受欢迎”
She left early so as not to wear out her welcome.
她早点离开，才不会不受欢迎。
She is a very nice girl. She’ll never wear out her welcome in my office.
她是个漂亮姑娘，她在我们办公室永远不会受到冷落。
俄亥俄的18岁大一学生塔比瑟·艾斯卡兰特
Tabitha Escalante, 18, a freshman from Ohio, said the rushed order to depart had already been costly for her and her family. She had originally planned to fly home for spring break on Thursday but had to cancel her flight, forfeiting its $250 value, when she got the notification on Tuesday morning. There was no way she would be able to find storage for all her things in two days. The new plan, she said, was for her mother to take time off from her work as a waitress to drive the 11 hours to Cambridge, Mass., to get her and her belongings.
“We’re living off her tips,” she said of her family. “It was a difficult decision, but honestly we weren’t really left with a choice.”
来自俄亥俄的18岁大一学生塔比瑟·艾斯卡兰特(Tabitha Escalante)说，离开学校的紧急命令已经给她和家人造成了一笔额外开销。她原计划周四搭飞机回家过春假，但周二收到通知后，不得不取消机票，并因此损失250美元。她根本不可能在两天内找到地方存放所有的个人物品。她说，目前的计划是她做服务员的妈妈请假，开11个小时车到马萨诸塞州的剑桥市来接她，并带走所有的东西。
“我们靠妈妈的小费过日子，”她谈到家庭情况时说，“这是个艰难的决定，但说实话我们没有选择的余地。”
我们先来看看forfeit这个词
forfeit: to lose sth or have sth taken away from you because you have done sth wrong.
丧失，放弃，被没收
If you cancel your flight, you will forfeit your deposit.
乘客取消航班订位，定金概不退换
He was ordered to forfeit more than $1.5m.
他被令放弃了150多万美元。
可积累的表达
请假take time off from work
靠…过日子 live off
没有选择的余地 we weren’t really left with a choice
文章来源：纽约时报
文章编辑：Alisa
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