CATTI备考笔记 | 政府工作报告翻译要点学习来了（2）

本文食用指南：

✔本文为2021政府工作报告逐句学习笔记，每句包含原文译文对照、重要表达对应翻译、重要词汇、翻译技巧提示等。

✔ 本文可用于MTI、CATTI备考学习。

✔本文为系列文章，之后将持续更新，预计在5月底更新完毕。

【11】①注重用改革和创新办法，助企纾困和激发活力并举，// ②帮助受冲击最直接且量大面广的中小微企业和个体工商户渡难关。

Using approaches of reform and innovation, we eased the difficulties of our enterprises and energized them. And we helped micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and self-employed individuals, which are large in number, extensive in scope and took the most direct hit from Covid-19, weather what was a very tough time.

📝翻译要点：

• 本句翻译前首先要断句：可参考上文①②划分断句，断句依据：“我们”采取行动所针对的对象有变化，①是企业，②是中小微企业和个体工商户。为避免译文过长，可断为两句话翻译。

• 汉语无主句处理方式之一是可根据上下文增译主语，此处增译主语“we”。

• “纾困”的意思是缓解困难，没有固定译法，初学者可以多积累其他译法，慢慢就能学会灵活运用了。

• 中国在疫情后出台的各项纾困惠企政策，对在中国境内注册的企业一视同仁。

  In the wake of COVID-19, China has adopted a range of pro-business relief policies that apply equally to all companies registered in China. 

• 密集制定出台多项政策，为企业特别是中小企业和个体工商户减负纾困……

The central government has quickly adopted a host of policies to reduce the burdens of businesses, particularly small and medium enterprises and self-employed people. （选自《抗击新冠肺炎疫情的中国行动》白皮书）

• 中小微企业和个体工商户：micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and self-employed individuals

• 渡难关：weather verb 平安地度过

• The company weathered the storm of objections to the scheme. 公司安然渡过了反对这个计划的风暴。

• 让我们携起手来，风雨同舟、守望相助

  Let us work in solidarity and weather the storm together. （选自《构建新发展格局 实现互利共赢》）

• 2019年，是中国外交不畏风雨，坚定前行的一年。

  In 2019, China, weathering rain and storm, has forged ahead on the diplomatic front.（选自《七十年岁月峥嵘　新时代接续奋斗》）

【12】①实施阶段性大规模减税降费，与制度性安排相结合，// ②全年为市场主体减负超过 2.6 万亿元，其中减免社保费 1.7 万亿元。

By making both time-limited large-scale tax and fee cuts and institutional arrangements, we reduced the burden on market entities by more than 2.6 trillion yuan for the year, including 1.7 trillion yuan in social insurance premium cuts and exemptions.

📝翻译要点：

• 本句仍然学习断句，参照以上①②进行断句，①为方法，②为结果。

• 除了断句，本句几个重点表达也要积累：

• 减税降费：tax and fee cuts/ tax cuts and fee reductions

• 制度性安排：institutional arrangements

• 社保费：social insurance premium

• premium

  [N-COUNT 可数名词] 保险费；保险金；A premium is a sum of money that you pay regularly to an insurance company for an insurance policy.

• 社保征缴方式：social insurance premium collection methods

【13】创新宏观政策实施方式，对新增 2 万亿元中央财政资金建立直达机制，省级财政加大资金下沉力度，共同为市县基层落实惠企利民政策及时补充财力。

We adopted new approaches in implementing macro policies. The central government established a mechanism to directly allocate two trillion yuan of new funding to prefecture- and county-level governments, while provincial-level governments also increased their funding allocations to governments at these levels. With these two steps, we provided prefecture- and county-level governments with additional and timely fiscal resources to assist local businesses and residents.

📝翻译要点：

• 本句翻译难在对政策理解是否到位，要知道”直达机制“和”下沉力度“具体说的是什么。

• 市县基层：prefecture- and county-level governments
  

【14】支持银行定向增加贷款并降低利率水平，对中小微企业贷款延期还本付息，大型商业银行普惠小微企业贷款增长 50%以上，金融系统向实体经济让利 1.5 万亿元。

Banks were given support to increase loans to businesses and lower interest rates in a targeted way. MSMEs were allowed to postpone principal and interest repayments on their loans, and inclusive finance lending by large commercial banks to micro and small businesses increased by more than 50 percent. The real economy thus received an infusion of 1.5 trillion yuan from financial institutions.

📝翻译要点：

• 本句难在专业性较高。

• 延期还本付息：...postpone principal and interest repayments

• principal 做n，可表示本金，常用作单数。

•  大型商业银行普惠小微企业贷款：inclusive finance lending by large commercial banks to micro and small businesses

• 实体经济：real economy

• 注意文中对“让利”的处理并非直译。“infusion”的含义为：〔新感觉或品质的〕注入，灌输: [+ of ]

• Further education badly needs the infusion of more resources.进修教育非常需要更多资源的注入。

• 其动词形式为infuse，

• ……为民族复兴注入了强大生机活力。

  ...with the Chinese nation being infused with new vigor and vitality. (选自《全面把握中国特色社会主义进入新时代》)

• ……为复杂多变的世界注入稳定性和确定性……

...infuse stability and certainty into the complex and volatile world...（选自《新时代的中国与世界》白皮书）

• 再回来看“让利”的其他译法。

• 全年金融系统向实体经济让利1.5万亿元：

  the financial sector saved enterprises 1.5 trillion yuan

  （选自《关于2020年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况与2021年国民经济和社会发展计划草案的报告》）

• 引导银行向实体经济让利

  To guide banks in benefitting the real economy（选自《关于2019年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况与2020年国民经济和社会发展计划草案的报告》）

• 推动国有商业银行让利

  interest concessions made by state-owned commercial banks【选自李克强总理答记者问（2020年）】

一个“让利”都能能有这么多译法，可见初学阶段一定要多多积累，切勿自己造词翻译。

【15】对大企业复工复产加强“点对点”服务。

Point-to-point transportation services were provided to large enterprises to help them resume operations.

📝翻译要点：

• 汉语无主句的另外一个高频技巧：译为被动语态。本句即为完美展示。

• 复工复产：resume operations

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