Immortal Indian of China / 为中国作出贡献的印度人

毛泽东为悼念柯棣华而写的挽词真迹

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Unfortunately largely unknown to this new generation in India, Dr. Kotnis was an Indian physician who died while treating Chinese soldiers during the second China-Japan war in 1942 at the age of 32.

柯棣华(Kotnis)博士是印度的一位医生，他在1942年的第二次中日战争期间，32岁的他成为中国军人的军医。

Kē Dìhuá is the Chinese name of Indian Doctor Dwarkanath Shantaram Kotnis (10th Oct 1910 ~ 9th Dec 1942) & his Chinese wife Guō Qìnglán (15th Sep 1916 ~ 28th June 2012) who are remembered for their selfless service, during the Second Sino-Japanese war of 1938. Dr. Kotnis married Guō Qìnglán in November 1941, and he died a year later. Together they had a son named as Yin Hua (23rd Aug 1942); which meant as Yin (India) Hua (China), their son also expired in 1967 prior to his completion of Medical Graduation due to medical negligence. At the time of Dr. Kotnis’ death Yin Hua was just 108 days old.

柯棣华(KēDìhuá)是印度医生Dwarkanath Shantaram Kotnis（1942年10月10日〜1942年12月9日）的中文名字，他的中国妻子GuōQìnglán（1916年9月15日〜2012年6月28日） 1941年11月，科特尼斯博士和中国女孩郭庆兰结婚，一年后他去世了。 他们有一个叫尹花的儿子（1942年8月23日）。 名字的意思是尹（印度）华（中国），他们的儿子也在1967年由于医疗疏忽未完成医学毕业之前就去死了。 在科特尼斯博士逝世时，尹华只出生108天的时间。

Born to Shantaram and Sita in Solapur, Maharashtra, he had two brothers and five sisters. He was the second in hierarchy and was lovingly called Baba, He studied medicine at the G.S. Medical College of the University of Bombay in 1930. The Kotnis’ family in India also supported him, though his sisters Manorama & Vatsala were young at that time, but they were sure their brother was going to do something great. Before he left for China, his father told him to “Carry on till the end”. He told Guō Qìnglán once that “Papa said I must not leave anything half-done”.

他出生在马哈拉施特拉邦Solapur的Shantaram和Sita，他有两个兄弟和五个姐妹。 他是第排行老二，被亲切地称为巴巴（Baba），他于1930年在孟买大学GS医学院学习医学.柯棣华(Kotnis)在印度的家庭也支持他，虽然他的姐妹Manorama＆Vatsala当时还年轻， 但他们确信他们的兄弟会做一些伟大的事情。 父亲在他去中国之前，告诉他要“坚持到底”。 他曾经告诉过老婆，“爸爸说我不能半途而废，不抛弃不放弃”。

这是1942年1月28日，柯棣华大夫在晋察冀军区三分区军民誓约运动大会上讲话。- Xinhua

This pic of January 28, 1942, Dr. Kotnis in the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Military Region three districts military and civilian swear general assembly speech. - Xinhua

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In 1937, after the Japanese invasion of China, the General Zhu De requested Jawaharlal Nehru to send Indian physicians to China. Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, the President of the Indian National Congress, made arrangements to send a team of volunteer doctors and an ambulance by collecting a fund of Rs 22,000 on the All-Indian China Day and China Fund days on July 7 ~ 9. He had made an appeal to the people; on Japan's role in the Far East and denounced the assault on China. by a press statement on June 30, 1938, in Modern Review. Subhash Chandra Bose wrote an article on Japan's role in the Far East and denounced the assault on China. The key element of this mission was it was from a nation itself struggling for freedom, to another nation also struggling for its freedom.

1937年，日本入侵中国后，朱德将军要求贾赫哈拉尔·尼赫鲁派印度医师到中国去。 印度国会主席内塔吉·苏巴赫·钱德拉·博斯（Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose）于7月7日至9日在全印度中国日和中国基金会的日子里安排了一组志愿者医生和救护车。 向人民呼吁; 对日本在远东的作用和谴责对中国的袭击。 1938年6月30日在“现代评论”上发表新闻声明。 苏巴德·钱德拉·博斯（Subhash Chandra Bose）撰写了一篇关于日本在远东的作用的文章，并谴责了对中国的攻击。 这个使命的关键是来自一个争取自由的国家，另一个争取自由的国家。

The mission was reinforced with Jawaharlal Nehru's visit to China in 1939. A medical team of five doctors (Doctors: M. Atal, M. Cholkar, D. Kotnis, B.K. Basu and D. Mukherjee) were dispatched as the Indian Medical Mission Team in September 1938. All, except Dr. Kotnis, returned to India safely. Dr. Kotnis, who was 28 at arrival, stayed in China for almost 5 years working in mobile clinics to treat wounded soldiers. Dr. Kotnis first arrived in China at the port of Hankou, Wuhan. He was sent to Yanan, and was eventually to be posted as Director of the Dr. Bethune International Peace Hospital there.

这是1939年2月毛主席在延安接见印度援华医疗救护队，后排右二为柯棣华。     新华社发

This is the first time that Chairman Mao met with Indian aid medical team in Yan'an in February 1939 and the second in the row was Dr.Kotris- Xinhua News Agency issued

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贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁1939年对中国的访问加强了这项任务。由五名医生（医生：M. Atal，M. Cholkar，D. Kotnis (柯棣华)，BK Basu和D. Mukherjee）组成的医疗小组作为印度医疗特派队 1938年9月，除科尔尼斯博士外，所有人都安全返回印度。 到访28岁的柯司尼博士在中国呆了近5年，在流动诊所里治疗伤员。 柯蒂斯博士首先抵达中国的武汉汉口港的。 他被派往延安，最终被任命为白求恩国际和平医院的院长。

这是1939年12月21日，朱德（右三）在山西八路军总部会见印度援华医疗队成员柯棣华（右二）等人。     新华社发

This is December 21, 1939, Zhu De (third from right) met with the Indian aid medical team member Dr.Kotnis (second right) and others at the headquarters of the Shanxi Eighth Route Army. Xinhua News Agency issued

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In 1939, Kotnis finally joined the Eighth Route Army (led by Mao Zedong) at the Jin-Cha-Ji border near the Wutai Mountain Area, after his efforts all across the northern China region. The hardships of suppressed military life, stresses that were especially relevant to the front-line doctors who often had to work over 72 hours at a stretch, finally began to tell on him. He died of epilepsy on December 9, 1942 at age 32, and was buried in the Heroes Courtyard, Nanquan Village. Dr. Dwarkanath Kotnis is commemorated together with the Canadian Dr Bethune in the Martyrs' Memorial Park in Shijiazhuang.

Dr. Dwarkanath Kotnis, 2nd from left, and members of his medical team with Mao Zedong, 4th from right, in this photo taken in Yanan in northern China on March 15, 1939. [File Photo]

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 The entire south side of the memorial is dedicated to Dr Kotnis. A small museum there has a handbook that contains vocabulary words that Kotnis wrote on his passage from India to China, some of the instruments that the surgeons used at that time and many photographs of doctors, some with the Communist Party of China's most influential figures, including Mao Zedong.

这是1939年3月，柯棣华（右）在延安给八路军战士做手术.- 新华社发 

This is March 1939, Dr. Kotnis (right) in Yan'an to the Eighth Route Army soldiers surgery .-- Xinhua News Agency

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1939年，中国北方地区在柯棣华的努力下，终于在五台山附近的晋察冀边界加入了八路军（毛泽东领导）。 被压制的军事生活的艰辛，经常强调要连续工作72小时以上的一线医生特别重要， 他于1942年12月9日32岁时因癫痫死亡，被埋葬在南泉村英雄大院。 Dwarkanath Kotnis (柯棣华)博士与加拿大白求恩博士在石家庄烈士陵园举行纪念仪式。 纪念碑的整个南边都是献给科蒂斯博士的。 一个小型的博物馆里有一本手册，里面包含了科特尼斯从印度通往中国时所写的词汇表，当时外科医生使用的一些工具，还有很多医生的照片，还有中国共产党最有影响力的人物， 包括毛泽东。

His life story was immortalized in the classic 1946 Indian film “Dr. Kotnis Ki Amar Kahani” (”The Eternal Tale of Dr. Kotnis”) by the legendary director V. Shantaram. China too had its own dedication to Dr Kotnis in the movie ‘Dr D.S. Kotnis - 1982’. There was also a best selling biography/novel by K.A. Abbas, ‘And One Did Not Come Back - 1945’.In China, Kotnis has been revered to the present day and remains a symbol of Indian-Chinese friendship.

他的人生故事在经典的1946年印度电影“博士 （Kotnis Ki Amar Kahani）“（”科特尼斯博士的永恒传说“）。中国在柯棣华的1982年电影“柯棣华大夫”中也有自己的贡献。 K.A.还有一本畅销的传记/小说。 阿巴斯，“一个没有回来的军医 - 1945年”。在中国，科比尼被尊敬至今，仍然是印中友谊的象征。

The Chinese have built statues (including a prominent one in Shijiazhuang, in central China's Hebei province) and hospitals in his name and issued stamps in his honor.The Kotnis family even possesses a scroll in which Chairman Mao wrote: “He cured the wounded and saved many of our comrades from death. He will live forever in the hearts of the revolutionary Chinese people.”

中国人建造的雕像（包括河北省石家庄市的一个着名雕像）和他的名字的医院，并为他颁发了邮票。科尼斯家族甚至还拥有毛主席的一个书卷：“他治好了伤员， 从死亡中拯救了许多同志。 他将永远活在革命的中国人心中。“

Mao also reportedly said of Kotnis: "The army has lost of a helping hand, the nation a friend. Let us always bear in mind his international spirit.”

据说毛泽东还说过科特尼斯：“军队失去了援助之手，国家是朋友，让我们时刻牢记他的国际精神。”

In 2009, an Internet poll organized by the China Radio International (the state-owned English radio station in Beijing) revealed that the doctor was voted one of the "top 10 foreigners" of the past century.

2009年，中国国际广播电台（北京国有英文电台）组织的互联网民意调查显示，这位医生被评选为上个世纪“十大外国人”之一。

It has been a tradition since 1950 with visiting Chinese leaders to meet the family of Dr. Dwarkanath Kotnis and President Xi Jinping in 2014 also followed it by meeting the sister of the famed physician and recalling “the fine representative who gave his precious life in China”.

自1950年以来，中国领导人来印度都会会见了德瓦尔卡纳斯·科特尼斯（Dwarkanath Kotnis）博士的家人，并于2014年跟随着这位着名医师的姐姐，回顾了“在中国珍贵生命的优秀代表人物””。

Chinese President Xi Jinping presents the Panchsheel (Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence) Friendship Award to Manorama Kotnis, sister of late Indian doctor Dwarkanath Kotnis, at a function in New Delhi (2014)   | Photo Credit: PTI

中国国家主席习近平在印度新德里给医生Dwarkanath Kotnis的姐姐Manorama Kotnis（2014年）发表了Panchsheel（和平共处五项原则）友谊奖。 照片提供：PTI

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“In the critical hour of Chinese people’s war with Japanese aggression, the Indian medical mission travelled thousands of miles to assist us and fought shoulder to shoulder with people of my father’s generation against Japanese fascists. The fine representative, young Dr. Kotnis gave his precious life in China.

“在中国人民抗日战争爆发的关键时刻，印度的医疗使团走过了千里之外，协助我们，与我父亲一代人抗衡日本法西斯分子并肩作战。 年轻的代表，年轻的科特尼博士在中国给了他宝贵的生命。

“General Mao Zedong once wrote in his honour ‘The Chinese Army has lost a helping hand, the nation a friend. Let us always bear in mind his international spirit’,” Mr. Xi said, remembering Dr. Kotnis.

“毛泽东将军曾经为自己的荣誉写过一句话：中国军队已经失去了援助之手，民族的朋友。 让我们时刻牢记自己的国际精神。“习记者说，记得科尼斯博士。

Appreciating the gesture of the Chinese leadership who keeps meeting the family till date, Ms. Manorama, who has partially lost her vision, said, “Even when a new Consul-General takes charge in Mumbai, he comes to visit the family of Dr. Kotnis.”

在孟买的中国领事馆每一任负责人都会拜访博士家庭。柯大夫“。

Doctor Kotnis' niece thanked Ambassador Luo for the visit and said she and her family were very moved that the Chinese government and people never forget ...

科尼斯医生的侄女感谢罗大使的来访，并说她和她的家人非常感动，中国政府和人民永远不会忘记...

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In a rare gesture last year, China has restored a handwritten calligraphic condolence message that was sent in the 1950s by its then leader Mao Zedong to the family of Kotnis. The document, which has been penned in traditional Mandarin using a special ink, is about 3-ft long and has been made from traditional rice paper. Kotnis' family had donated the document to the Solapur civic body which had put it on display at a museum there.

去年，中国以一种罕见的方式，恢复了当时的领导人毛泽东在二十世纪五十年代向柯枝表示赞颂的诗句。 这个是用特殊墨水书写的长约3英尺，由传统宣纸制成。 科尼斯的家人把它捐赠给在那里的博物馆。

Explaining the importance of the document, Zheng Xiyuan, consul-general of the People's Republic of China in Mumbai, who was spearheading the exercise, said, "The calligraphy artefact sent by Chairman Mao is priceless and shows the historical friendship between the two countries and the regard for Dr Kotnis. The Chinese leadership has kept in touch with the family and made it a point to meet his sister Manorama every time they visit India. This is a momentous occasion for us to revive the message of love and respect to a great man."

中华人民共和国驻孟买总领事郑希元在介绍这次演习时说：“毛主席送来的书法艺术品是无价之宝，显示了两国的历史性友谊， 对柯蒂斯博士的关心，中国领导层与他家人保持着联系，每次访问印度都有机会与他的妹妹玛诺拉玛（Manorama）会面，这是我们重振爱和尊重的伟大的人的一个重要时刻。 ”

Ravi Dharon, a researcher with the Indian National Institute of Immunology, lamented to China Daily that younger Indians know little or nothing about Dr. Kotnis."He has made great contributions to the friendship between two nations,” he said. “It is a pity that the younger generations do not know much about him."

印度国立免疫学研究所研究员Ravi Dharon向“中国日报”表示，年轻的印度人对柯棣华(Kotnis)博士一无所知，“他为两国之间的友谊做出了巨大的贡献”，他说：“可惜了年轻一代对他的了解不多。“

Dr.Kotnis is the bridge between India and China

柯棣华是印度和中国之间友谊的桥梁

Article is a small effort by IIC (Indians In China) to let people on both side of border know about this story of sacrifice, love and friendship.

文章是IIC（印度人在中国）做的一个小小的努力，让边境两边的人们知道这个和平友谊的故事。

Source: IndiansInChina.com , timesofindia.com , Xinhua News , Ibtimes.com , ce.cn

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