北京冬残奥会虽已落幕，冬奥精神不会消失!
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3月13日晚，北京冬残奥会迎来闭幕式。本届冬残奥会，中国体育代表团以18金、20银、23铜总计61枚奖牌排名金牌榜和奖牌榜榜首，实现了历史性跨越。
北京冬季残奥会
奖牌榜
在冬残奥会的赛场上，我们除了看到运动健儿们的拼搏奋进外，更是收获了许多感动。高山滑雪队的孙鸿胜缺失双臂，无法借助雪杖保持平衡，只能运用身体在蜿蜒陡峭的赛道上闪转腾挪。但他最终完成了比赛，实现了“滑下去就是胜利”的目标。参加越野滑雪的蔡佳云不但第一个完成比赛，而且不断鼓励后面的选手，帮助他们，完美诠释了“体育无国界”的运动精神。运动员刘子旭接受采访时说：“比赛时心里没有杂念，专心去比赛了。”正是凭借着这份专注，最终收获了残奥冬季两项男子短距离坐姿的金牌……
图片来源：人民日报
冬奥会和冬残奥会虽已落幕，但它们带给我们的感动和传递的奥运精神将长久地鼓舞着我们。接下来，让我们再次跟随《冬奥会体育项目名词》一起来回顾奥运健儿们所参加的部分比赛项目吧！
《冬奥会体育项目名词》（多语对照）
（以下文字内容及书影摘选自《冬奥会体育项目名词》）
冬季两项
冬季两项是将完全不同的两种项目越野滑雪与射击相结合的比赛。选手们身背步枪滑雪，每滑行一段距离后，须在指定的射击位置上进行射击。射击有两种射击姿势，其中一种是卧射，另一种是立射。根据滑行时间和射击的准确性，决定最终排名。北京冬奥会冬季两项运动共设男子五项、女子五项及混合接力一项共11个竞赛项目。
Biathlon
Biathlon is a game that combines two completely diff erent events: cross-country skiing and shooting. Athletes ski with rifl es on their backs, and after each sliding distance, they must shoot at a designated firing point. There are two shooting positions: prone and standing. The athlete who completes the skiing course and shooting rounds with the shortest combined time wins. The Beijing Winter Olympics biathlon has 11 events, including men’s pentathlon, women's pentathlon, and a medley relay.
冬奥知识卡片
About Olympic Winter Games
冬季两项
冬季两项运动源自北欧，曾是中世纪的军训科目。在第8届冬奥会被列入比赛项目。冬季两项比赛跌宕起伏，在激烈的滑雪比赛中，插入2～4次射击，考验动静转换能力。冬季两项射击场一般设在起终点区附近，运动员到达射击位置，迅速调整装备，摘下小口径专用步枪，卧姿、立姿，5发子弹，每次射击5个靶子，口径5.6毫米，距离50米。
Biathlon
Biathlon rooted in the skiing traditions of Scandinavia. It used to be a military training subject in the Middle Ages. It became a part of the 8th Olympic Winter Games in 1960. Biathlon combines cross-country skiing with rifle marksmanship. In addition to a heated skiing race, athletes need to complete 2 to 4 bouts of shooting. The shooting range is generally near the start area and the finish area. The athletes need to adjust their equipment and take off the specially designed 5.6mm rifle when they arrive at the shooting range. At a distance of 50 metres from the target, athletes can shoot in the prone or standing position. For every bout of five targets, there are five bullets.
北京冬奥会比赛场地
北京2022年冬奥会冬季两项比赛在张家口赛区的国家冬季两项中心进行，将一共产生11枚金牌。国家冬季两项中心位于河北省张家口市崇礼区古杨树场馆群东北侧山谷，由场馆赛场部分、场院区及技术楼组成。
Venue
The biathlon events of Beijing 2022 will be held at the National Biathlon Centre in the Zhangjiakou competition zone, where athletes will compete for a total of 11 gold medals. The National Biathlon Centre is located in the valley to the northeast of the Guyangshu Cluster in the Zhangjiakou competition zone of Olympic Winter Games Beijing 2022. It is composed of the competition area, the venue operation area, and the technology buildings.
冬奥术语查询网站
Olympic Winter Games Term Portal
点击图片可查看相关术语的八语说法
跳台滑雪和越野滑雪
跳台滑雪起源于挪威，1924年第一届冬奥会起就被列为比赛项目。跳台滑雪比赛共进行两轮，首轮按选手世界杯积分倒序或抽签排序出发，第二轮按上轮比赛得分倒序出发。决定比赛成绩的主要因素是滑行速度、起跳的时机、起跳的方向和选手的心理素质。北京冬奥会跳台滑雪运动共设5个竞赛项目，其中混合团体赛事首次亮相冬奥会舞台。
越野滑雪是首届冬奥会的竞赛项目之一，1924年霞慕尼冬奥会上就完成了冬奥会赛场的亮相。越野滑雪是冬季项目中的马拉松，赛道路线长、运动员比赛时间长，是典型的耐力项目。北京冬奥会越野滑雪项目共设12个竞赛项目，包括男子项目6项和女子项目6项。
跳台滑雪和越野滑雪作为两项独立的运动共同组成冬奥会的另一个项目：北欧两项。自1924年首届冬季奥运会以来，这项比赛一直是冬奥会的赛事。
Ski Jumping and Cross-country Skiing
Ski jumping originated in Norway, and has been a part of the Winter Olympic Programme since the first Games in 1924. There are two rounds of ski jumping competitions. The fi rst round starts in reverse order of the skiers’ points in the World Cup or by drawing. And the second round starts in reverse order based on skiers’ points in the previous round. Judges score a jump by a number of factors including sliding speed, take-off time, and take-off direction. There will be 5 events in ski jumping at Beijing 2022, including the new mixed team event, which will be making its Winter Olympic debut.
Cross-country skiing is one of the original Winter Olympic sports, having been fi rst contested at the inaugural Olympic Winter Games at Chamonix 1924. Cross-country skiing is the marathon of winter events, which requires a large course and long race duration. The cross-country competition at Beijing 2022 will feature 12 events, including 6 men’s events and 6 women’s events.
As two independent events, ski jumping and cross-country skiing form another event of the Olympic Winter Games: Nordic Combined. Since the fi rst Olympic Winter Games in 1924, Nordic Combined has remained an enduring part of the Olympic Winter Games.
冬奥知识卡片
About Olympic Winter Games
国家跳台滑雪中心：雪如意
作为北京2022年冬奥会张家口赛区冬奥场馆建设中工程量最大、技术难度最高的竞赛场馆，酷似中国传统吉祥饰物“如意”的国家跳台滑雪中心“雪如意”是世界上首个在顶部出发区设置大型悬挑建筑物的跳台滑雪场馆。在“雪如意”一侧，运行角度随山势而变的变角度斜行电梯是针对“雪如意”的特殊造型和赛事用途专门设计的，是目前全球速度最快的变坡斜行电梯。
The “Snow Ruyi” National Ski Jumping Centre
Among all the Olympic venues in Zhangjiakou for Beijing 2022, the National Ski Jumping Centre not only required the largest amount of engineering work but was also the most difficult to construct. Because its shape resembles a “ruyi” (a traditional Chinese talisman of good fortune), it is also called “Snow Ruyi”, showing China’s well-wishes to the world. The National Ski Jumping Centre is the world’s first ski jumping venue with a large overhanging platform in the top start area. A variable angle oblique elevator whose running angle changes with the slope is installed on one side of Snow Ruyi. It is the fastest variable slope oblique elevator in the world, specially designed to fit the unique shape of Snow Ruyi and meet the requirements of the events.
国家越野滑雪中心
北京2022年冬奥会越野滑雪比赛在张家口赛区的国家越野滑雪中心进行。国家越野滑雪中心位于北京2022年冬奥会张家口赛区古杨树场馆群南侧山谷之中，占地106.55公顷，由9.7公里赛道和各种功能区组成，由西向东依次为场馆运营综合区、运动员综合区、场馆技术楼、场馆媒体中心和转播综合区。
The Zhangjiakou National Cross-Country Skiing Centre
The cross-country skiing events of Beijing 2022 will be held at the National Cross-Country Skiing Centre, which is located in the valley to the south of the Guyangshu Cluster in the Zhangjiakou competition zone. It covers an area of 106.55 hectares and is composed of a 9.7 kilometres long track and various functional areas, including (from west to east) the venue operation area, the athlete area, the technology buildings, the media centre, and the broadcasting area.
冬奥术语查询网站
Olympic Winter Games Term Portal
点击图片可查看相关术语的八语说法
冰壶
冰壶被称为“冰上国际象棋”，展现的是静动之美和取与舍的智慧。冰壶比赛双方各四人登场，分一垒、二垒、三垒和四垒，顺序交叉投壶，十局比赛，每局中冰壶最接近圆心的一方得分，得分多者获胜。该项目在1998年日本长野冬奥会上成为正式奥运比赛项目。北京冬奥会冰壶运动共设3个竞赛项目。
Curling
Curling, also known as “Chess on Ice”, presents a thrilling display of skill, tactics and strategy. Each team consists of 4 on-ice players, whose playing positions are commonly known as Lead, Second, Third and Fourth. Two teams take turns throwing eight stones down a sheet of ice. The team whose stone locates the closest to the centre of the house after all the stones are thrown will score the points. Once all the 10 ends have been played, the team with the most points wins. The event became an offi cial Olympic event at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan. There are three events for curling at the Beijing Winter Olympics.
冬奥知识卡片
About Olympic Winter Games
冰壶
冰壶被称为“冰上国际象棋”，展现的是静动之美和取与舍的智慧。冰壶由壶体、手柄和螺栓组成，直径不到30厘米，重量近20公斤。比赛双方各4人登场，分一垒、二垒、三垒和四垒，顺序交叉投壶，10局比赛，每局中冰壶最接近圆心的一方得分，得分多者获胜。
Curling
Curling, also known as “Chess on Ice”, presents a thrilling display of skills, tactics and strategy. A curling stone, measuring less than 30 centimetres and weighing about 20 kilograms, is composed of stone, handle, and bolt. Each team consists of 4 on-ice players, whose playing positions are commonly known as Lead, Second, Third and Fourth. Two teams take turns throwing eight stones down a sheet of ice. The team whose stone locates the closest to the centre of the house after all the stones are thrown will score the points. Once all the 10 ends have been played, the team with the most points wins.
北京冬奥会比赛场地
在所有冬奥冰上项目中，冰壶是对场地制冰和冰面品质要求最高的比赛项目之一。“双奥场馆”国家游泳中心在2019年首次通过“水冰转换”制出4条冬奥标准的冰壶赛道。“水冰转换”让国家游泳中心可以在“水上功能”和“冰上功能”之间自由切换，可以同时具备开展水上运动、冰上运动及各类大型活动的能力。
Venue
Among all the Winter Olympic ice sports, curling is one of the most demanding events for field ice making and ice surface quality. The National Aquatics Centre, known as the “Water Cube” in Beijing 2008, became the “Ice Cube” after “water-ice conversion” in 2019 with four Winter-Olympics-standard curling sheets. “Water-ice conversion” allows the National Aquatics Centre to freely switch between water functions and ice functions, with the ability to carry out water sports, ice sports and various large-scale events at the same time.
冬奥术语查询网站
Olympic Winter Games Term Portal
点击图片可查看相关术语的八语说法
《冬奥会体育项目名词》（多语对照）
图片来源：人民日报
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