王亚平带多少护肤品上太空？来例假如何应对？|外刊精读解析
近日，随着3名航天员乘坐神州十三号飞船进入太空，广大网友都被其中的女航天员王亚平吸引了注意力，关于女航天员的话题频上热搜，包括“中国空间站首位女航天员”“女航天员在空间站可以化妆”“女航天员在太空来例假了怎么办”等。
其实，早在9月22日，天舟三号货运飞船发射后，英国《泰晤士报》就注意到了天舟三号快递物资中暗藏的玄机，我们一起来看看当天的报道吧。
学习要点
常用护肤品的英文
“line-up” 的用法
可以表达“深思熟虑”的英文单词有哪些？
带着问题去精读
*文章来源：The Times
*本文中原文及部分例句翻译均采用机翻+人工微调，仅供参考。不当之处欢迎大家在评论区讨论
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精读原文
China sends face cream to space station to prepare for female astronaut
中国将面霜送往空间站，为女宇航员做准备
When China sent its latest cargo ship into orbit it was carrying a sign that the next crew to blast off to build Beijing’s new space station would include a woman.
当中国将其最新的货运飞船送入轨道时，它携带着一个信号，表明将升空去建造中国新空间站的下一组宇航员包括一名女性。
The cargo vessel that took off this week contained 60 bottles of toner, 30 bottles of serum and 30 bottles of face cream. This was, authorities said, enough to last six months for a female astronaut.
本周发射的货运飞船有60瓶爽肤水、30瓶精华液和30瓶面霜。官方表示，这足以让一名女宇航员使用六个月。
📒精读解析：
1、cargo
n. /ˈkɑːɡəʊ/
the goods carried in a ship or plane 特指船或飞机装载的货物
例句：
The boat calls at the main port to load its regular cargo of bananas. 船停泊在那个大港，装载其常规货物香蕉。
2、blast off
意为take off, used especially of rocket-propelled missiles and vehicles （火箭等） 发射升空，起飞
例句：
Columbia is set to blast off at 1:20 a.m. Eastern Time tomorrow. 哥伦比亚号定于东部时间明晨1:20点火起飞。
3、 vessel
n. /ˈvesl/
本段中vessel 指a large ship or boat 大船；轮船
例句：
A fishing vessel and a cargo ship collided in rough seas. 一艘渔船与一艘货轮在风大浪急的海上相撞了。
我们还知道，“血管”是 blood vessel。由此可以联想记忆，vessel 还表示 a container used for holding liquids（盛液体的）容器，器皿，如：a Bronze Age drinking vessel 青铜器时代的饮具。
4、toner
n. /ˈtəʊnə(r)/
喜欢《老友记》的同学可能对 toner 作为“打印机墨粉”这个义项有印象。
老友记 第七季 Friends Season 7 第13集
女同胞们还应该知道toner 的另一个义项，即a liquid or cream used for making the skin on your face firm and smooth 护肤霜；爽肤水
5、serum
n. /ˈsɪərəm/
serum 在词典中的释义为 the watery, pale yellow part of blood或a liquid that is injected into someone's blood to protect them against a poison or disease 血清或免疫血清。
例句：
The strip, which accepts blood, serum or plasma, is inserted into the analyser. 涂上了血液、血清或血浆的测试带被插入分析器。
现在人们用serum 表示护肤品中的“精华液”。
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Beijing has not announced the line-up for the next crew, but Wang Yaping, 41, who spent about two weeks in orbit in 2013 and taught a science lesson to 60 million students from an experimental space station, is likely to be the country’s next female astronaut to travel into space.
中国还没有宣布下一组宇航员的名单，但41岁的王亚平很可能成为中国下一位进入太空的女宇航员。2013年，王亚平在太空轨道上待了大约两周，并在一个实验空间站向6000万学生上了一堂科学课。
📒精读解析：
本句看似较长，实际句型并不复杂，在句中插入了一个 who 引导的非限制性定语从句。
1、line-up
n.
注意这个短语可直接用作名词，表示the people who are going to take part in a particular event or things brought together in a particular context 阵容；阵式。
如：an impressive line-up of speakers 给人印象深刻的演讲者阵容
He's encouraged by the company's robust cash flow, dominant market leadership position and broad product line-up. 他对公司强劲的现金流、主导市场的地位和广泛的产品线感到鼓舞。
还可以表示 programme 节目安排
例句：
A horror movie completes this evening's TV line-up. 今晚电视节目最后安排了一部恐怖影片。
2、orbit
n. /ˈɔːbɪt/
文中有多处使用 orbit 指代“太空”，如 send cargo ship into orbit, in-orbit-living等。orbit 指a curved path followed by a planet or an object as it moves around another planet, star, moon, etc. 天体等运行的轨道，因此“在轨道中”可以表示“在太空中”。
orbit 还可以表示 an area that a particular person, organization, etc. deals with or is able to influence 人、组织等的影响范围，势力范围
例如：to come/fall/be within someone’s orbit 进入/落入/属于某人的势力范围
另外，orbit 作动词可以表示 to move around a planet, moon, or sun in a continuous, curving path. 环绕…的轨道运行
例句：
In 1957 the Soviet Union launched the first satellite to orbit the earth. 1957年，苏联发射了第一颗环绕地球运行的人造卫星。
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She was on the back-up list when Beijing in June announced the three-person crew for Shenzhou-12, which returned to the earth last week after a three-month mission.
今年6月，当北京宣布神舟12号载人飞船的三人组成员名单时，王亚平在后备名单上。神舟12号在执行了三个月的任务后于上周返回地球。
Of the 21 astronauts the country has announced so far, only two are female. The other is Liu Yang, 42. However, more are being trained and the country’s space programme has indicated it will send another woman to space soon.
在中国迄今公布的21名宇航员中，只有两名女性。另一位是刘洋，42岁。但是，还有更多的人正在接受培训，中国的太空项目表明，他们不久将会再送一名女性上太空。
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To meet the needs of a female astronaut for anextended stay in the space station, items such as cosmetics and sanitary pads have also been sent up, state media reported.
据官方媒体报道，为了满足女宇航员在空间站长期停留的需要，化妆品和卫生巾等物品也被送上了空间站。
📒精读解析：
1、extended
a. /ɪkˈstɛndɪd/
我们都知道extend 表示to make something last longer延长；使延期，但extended 不必翻译为“延长的；延期的”，形容词可以直接表示a long period of time，翻译为“长期的”。
例句：
Obviously, any child who receives dedicated teaching over an extended period is likely to improve. 很明显，任何接受了长时期用心教导的儿童都可能会进步。
2、cosmetic
/kɒzˈmɛtɪk/
作名词，表示a substance that you put on your face or body to make it more attractive 化妆品；美容品
如：
the cosmetics industry / a cosmetic company / cosmetic products
化妆品行业 / 化妆品公司 / 化妆产品
作形容词，表示 improving only the outside appearance of something and not its basic character 装门面的；表面的
例句：
She dismissed the plan as a cosmetic exercise to win votes. 她认为这项计划是为了赢得选票所做的表面功夫，因而不予考虑。
另外，cosmetic 还表示“整容的”
如：cosmetic surgery 整容手术；cosmetic dental work 牙齿整形
3、pad
n.
最常见的意思是 a number of pieces of paper attached together along the top or the side, so that each piece can be torn off when it has been used 便笺本
请大家欣赏《老友记》中的一个场景。
老友记 第三季 Friends Season 3 第4集
本段中 pad 指 a thick piece of soft material that is used, for example, for absorbing liquid, cleaning or protecting something 吸收液体、保洁或保护用的软垫，护垫，垫状物
sanitary pad 指女性经期使用的卫生巾，此外还可以用 sanitary napkin 或 sanitary towel 来表达。
后文中提到的 tampon 指卫生棉条，卫生栓，使用方法与 sanitary pad 不同。
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Qin You, an executive at Jala Group, told The Paper, a state-run news site, that his company had developed no-water cleansers, skin care and make-up products for “in-orbit living”. Some of the products had been used by the recent male-only space crew.
伽蓝集团的高管秦友（音）告诉澎湃新闻（一家国营新闻网站），他的公司已经开发了用于“轨道生活”的无水洁面乳、护肤品和化妆品。最近的这个全体男性的宇航员乘组已经使用过其中的一些产品。
He said that the main purpose of the skincare products was to hydrate and slow ageing for female astronauts. The products have been packaged in a vacuum pump bottle for easy use in the space station.
他说，这些护肤品的主要目的是为女宇航员补水，延缓衰老。这些产品被包装在一个真空泵瓶中，以便在空间站中使用。
📒精读解析：
1、cleanser
n. /ˈklɛnzə/
注意与 cleaner 区分，cleanser 指 a liquid or cream that you use for cleaning your skin 洁面乳，或者 a liquid or powder that you use in cleaning kitchens and bathrooms. 清洁剂; 去污粉。
cleaner 指 a device used for cleaning things 清洁器，或者 a substance used for cleaning things 去污剂。
例句：
No matter what kind of skin you have, our face cleansers include foaming, gel, cream, cleansing wipes and other formulas that meet your unique needs without leaving your skin feeling stripped. 无论你是哪种肤质，我们的洁面产品包括泡沫、凝胶、面霜、清洁湿巾和其他配方，既能满足你独特的需求，又不会让你的皮肤感到剥离。
2、hydrate
v. /ˈhaɪdreɪt/
to make something absorb water 使吸入水分；使水合；使成水合物
例句：
After-sun products will cool and hydrate your skin. 晒后护肤品会清凉肌肤并为其补水。
反义词：dehydrate 使脱水，失水
例句：
Runners can dehydrate very quickly in this heat. 天这样热，赛跑运动员很快会脱水。
3、aging
n.
the process of becoming old or becoming worn out. 变老；变旧
例句：
The only signs of ageing are the flecks of grey that speckle his dark hair. 他变老的惟一迹象是散布在黑发中的几缕银丝
age 也可以作动词表示“变老”或“使变老”
例句：
He had always looked so young, but he seemed to have aged in the last few months. 他曾一直显得很年轻，但是在过去的几个月里他似乎显得老了。
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Shanghai Observer, another local news outlet, said that proper skincare was necessary not only for good looks but also to ensure health in space living. It said extreme conditions inside a space station, including the loss of gravity, can make skin age faster and become weaker.
另一家当地新闻媒体《上观新闻》称，适当的皮肤护理不仅是保持美貌的必要条件，也是确保太空生活健康的必要条件。报告称，空间站内的极端条件，包括失重，会使皮肤衰老更快，变得更弱。
有的网友比官方和媒体更操心，评论道：有了护肤品，是不是还需要吸尘器和熨斗呢？
还有网友坚定拥护男女平等，不能只有女航天员使用化妆品和面霜，男航天员一起使用才公平！
1. metrosexual
n. /ˌmetrəˈsekʃuəl/
a heterosexual man who lives in a city and is interested in things like fashion and shopping 都市丽男（爱好时尚和购物等的异性恋男子）
2. astronauetess
（网友评论中拼写有误）
指“女航天员”，目前尚未正式收入词典。
甚至还有网友为外星人打抱不平，女宇航员在太空中用化妆品，那对没化妆的外星人太不公平了！
当然，更多的网友好奇女航天员在太空中来“例假”了怎么办？
对此，美国《国家地理》杂志中有文章曾有解读，以下摘取了文章中对于航天用卫生棉条的描述。全文详细介绍了科学家们针对女宇航员在太空来例假提出的多种解决方案，大家如感兴趣可从后台获取全文。
后台回复：国家地理
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Before Sally Ride became the first American woman in space, scientists pondered her tampons, weighed them, and NASA’s professional sniffer smelled them—better to take deodorized or non-deodorized?—to make sure they wouldn’t smell too strongly in a confined space capsule. Engineers considered exactly how many she might need for a week in space. (Is 100 the right number? They famously asked her. No, Ride said. That is not the right number.)
在萨莉·莱德成为第一个进入太空的美国女性之前，科学家们对她的卫生棉条进行了思考，称重量，让NASA的专业嗅探犬闻味——防臭的更好还是非防臭的更好?——确保它们在密闭的太空舱里味道不会太大。工程师们还考虑了她在太空一周到底需要多少个卫生棉条。（他们问了她一个著名的问题：100个对吗？她说，不，不对）
📒精读解析：
1、ponder
v. /ˈpɒndə(r)/
to think about something carefully for a period of time 沉思；考虑；琢磨
可以作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词
搭配：ponder about/on/over something
例句：
He enjoyed the trip, and appreciated the opportunity it gave him to ponder his future. 他很享受这次旅行，也很感激这次旅行给了他思考未来的机会。
They are pondering whether the money could be better used elsewhere. 他们正在斟酌能否把钱花到其他更适当的地方。
表示“深思熟虑”的词还有：
ruminate: to think deeply about something
deliberate: to think very carefully about something, usually before making a decision
contemplate: to think deeply about something for a long time
reflect: to think carefully and deeply about something
例句：
He ruminated on the terrible wastefulness that typified American life. 他认真思考了美国生活中典型且非常严重的浪费问题。
The jury deliberated for five days before finding him guilty. 陪审团认真讨论了五天才裁定他有罪。
As he lay in his hospital bed that night, he cried as he contemplated his future. 那天晚上他躺在医院病床上，当他反复考虑自己的未来时他哭了。
We should all give ourselves time to reflect. 我们都应该给自己时间来深思。
2、deodorize
v. /diːˈoʊdəraɪz/
观察一下这个词，词根是 odor 气味，臭味；加一个“使动”后缀 -ize，变为 odorize 给…添加气味或香味；再加一个表示“除去”之意的前缀 - de，变成 deodorize 给…除臭，给…除臭。
例句：
The machine uses minute quantities of ozone to sterilize and deodorize refrigerated food vehicles. 这个机器用微量臭氧对食物冷藏车进行消毒和除臭。
3、capsule
n. /ˈkæpsjuːl/
the part of a spacecraft in which people travel and that often separates from the main rocket 太空舱；航天舱
space capsule 太空舱
capsule 还指 a small container with a drug or other substance inside it （装药的）胶囊；小容器
例句：
They first implanted capsules into the animals' brains. 他们先将胶囊植入那些动物的大脑。
生活大爆炸 第六季 The Big Bang Theory Season 6 第4集
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精读原文
The engineers were trying to be thoughtful, though; reportedly they packed the tampons with their strings connected so that they wouldn’t float away. I imagine Sally Ride’s tampons hovering like sausage links in the space shuttle, and wonder if the male astronauts ever came across them and, embarrassed, tried to float quickly away.
尽管如此，工程师们还是尽量考虑周到。据报道，他们把棉条的线连在一起，这样棉条就不会飘走。我想象着萨莉·莱德的卫生棉条像一串香肠一样在航天飞机里盘旋着，不知道男宇航员是否曾不小心碰到了它们，然后尴尬地试图迅速飘走。
📒精读解析：
1. hover
v. /ˈhɒvə(r)/
1） to stay in the same position in the air without moving forward or backward （鸟、昆虫、直升机等）翱翔；盘旋
例句：
Beautiful butterflies hovered above the wild flowers. 美丽的蝴蝶在野花上方盘旋。
2） to wait somewhere, especially near somebody, in a shy or uncertain manner 踌躇，彷徨（尤指在某人身边）
例句：
He hovered nervously in the doorway. 他在门口紧张地来回踱步。
3） to stay close to something, or to stay in an uncertain state 靠近（某事物）；处于不稳定状态
例句：
He hovered on the edge of consciousness. 他似醒非醒。
4） (a price, value, or score) to stay at more or less a particular level (价格、价值或分数等) 徘徊在某个水平上下
例句：
But since 2001, total car sales for all automakers have hovered near a record 17 million vehicles per year. 但自2001年以来，所有汽车制造商的汽车总销量一直徘徊在每年1700万辆的纪录附近。
后台回复数字：1017
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