《园林》学刊·卷首语（2023.11）丨发展中的东亚绿色城市
本期专题
东亚绿色城市
GREEN URBANISM IN EAST ASIA
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·全文刊登于《园林》2023-11P01
·全文引文格式：张浪.发展中的东亚绿色城市[J].园林,2023,40(11):01.
卷首语
发展中的东亚绿色城市
Developing Green Cities in East Asia
《亚洲绿色城市——正在崛起的绿色力量》（2019）一书中，讲述了亚洲多个典型国家，在可再生能源城市、生物区碳中和城市、分布式城市、生态高效城市等方面的成功实践，对中国城市未来绿色发展提供了模板和范本。绿色城市是应对气候变化，实现城市低碳转型的重要手段，其旨在通过生物多样性、城市绿道、都市农业等方式，创造低碳减耗的生态友好型城市，实现可持续发展。党的十八大以来，绿色城市已成为中国新型城镇化发展的主要方向之一。2022年5月，习近平总书记进一步指出“促进经济社会发展全面绿色转型是解决我国生态环境问题的基础之策”。
绿色城市建设基于不同环境本底遵循不同发展轨迹，这种建设轨迹是绿色城市被重新解释，并以本土化特殊方式表现。在中国城市建设的语境下，绿色城市可被定义为在城市建设活动中以绿色发展方向为主导，借助绿色技术推动城市形成生产方式绿色化、生活空间宜居化、生态环境可持续的空间形态。目前，关于绿色城市的基本学术术语尚未达成业内共识，学者们对其概念的界定各不相同。以欧美城市为基础制定标准，设置政策，实践技术，评估影响，往往忽略了欧美国家与东亚各国在发展程度上的差异，从而造成相关技术、标准和政策与东亚国家本土状况相脱节。因此，如何从东亚各国政治、经济、社会、文化的特殊性出发，因地制宜地发展绿色城市，已成为推动全球绿色城市建设和缓解气候危机的主要组成部分。
本期专题“东亚绿色城市”，从国际、国家、城市层面研讨了绿色城市的建设路径。考察了中国绿色城市的运维治理模式，归纳了中国先行绿色城市都市农业展现出的多样运维方式，以促进城市韧性的形成；对比了中韩两国在政策、技术、绿色基础设施和绿色建筑等方面的异同，从空间系统构建、空间更新、绿色基础设施完善、绿色建筑发展等4方面提出建议；剖析了绿色城市对儿童身心健康成长的联系与影响，总结了儿童友好的城市规划、安全交通环境、自然绿地利用、儿童社区参与等绿色城市营建的方式；比对了“从摇篮到摇篮”的社区实践，以法国第戎的Heudelet 26与日本鹤岗的Tsuruoka House为例，进行全周期、多角度的生态解析，探索社区营造中的循环发展生态举措；以山水格局与绿色城市关联性为切入点，从历史、地理等层面分析了杭州市绿色城市建设的思想溯源与山水基底；探讨了基于东亚历史城市的文物生息空间营造方法，旨在使其既符合场地历史文脉传承的要求，也顺应了城市生物多样性保护的要求。
美国赫勒·曼纳斯建筑事务所创始人斐利·赫勒先生在《亚洲城市绿色发展新途径》一文中指出，绿色城市发展的三大支柱为可持续发展、移动性和宜居性。通过本期专题讨论，让我们对绿色城市的东亚理念、东亚方案和东亚行动更加清晰；立足风景园林视角，进一步推进绿色城市东亚本土化，尤其是中国式现代化的绿色城市政策标准、科技创新和建设实践，以促进人与自然和谐共生。
The book Green Urbanism in Asia - The Emerging Green Tigers (2019) describes the successful practices of several typical Asian countries, in renewable energy cities, bioregional carbon neutral cities, distributed cities, and eco-efficient cities, which provide templates and models for the future green development of Chinese cities. Green cities are an important means of addressing climate change and realizing a low-carbon transformation of cities, which aims to create low-carbon and reduced-consumption eco-friendly cities and achieve sustainable development through biodiversity, urban greenways, and urban agriculture. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, green cities have become one of the main directions of China’s new urbanization development. In May 2022, General Secretary Xi Jinping further pointed out that “promoting a comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development is the basic solution to China’s ecological and environmental problems”.
The construction of green cities needs to follow different development trajectories based on different environmental backgrounds, and this construction trajectory is reinterpreted by green cities and manifested in a special way of localization. In the context of China’s urban construction, green city can be defined as a spatial form in which the green development direction dominates the urban construction activities, and the green technology promotes the formation of a green mode of production, livable living space, and sustainable ecological environment in the city. At present, the basic academic terminology of green city has not yet reached a consensus in the industry, and scholars have different definitions of its concept. Using European and American cities as the basis for formulating standards, setting policies, practicing technologies, and evaluating impacts often ignores the differences in the degree of development between European and American countries and East Asian countries, which results in a disconnect between the relevant technologies, standards, and policies and the local conditions of East Asian countries. Therefore, how to develop green cities based on the political, economic, social and cultural specificities of East Asian countries has become a major component of promoting the construction of global green cities and mitigating the climate crisis.
The topic of this issue “Green Urbanism in East Asia” discusses the construction path of green cities at the international, national and urban levels. The operation and management modes of China’s green cities were examined and the various operation and maintenance modes of urban agriculture in China’s pioneer green cities were summarized to promote the formation of urban resilience; The similarities and differences between China and South Korea in terms of policies, technologies, green infrastructure and green buildings were compared, and the suggestions were proposed in four aspects: spatial system construction, spatial renewal, green infrastructure improvement and green building development; The connection and impact of green cities on children’s physical and mental health and development were analyzed , and child-friendly urban planning, safe transportation, and the development of green architecture were summarized. Besides, the community practice of “cradle to cradle” was compared, and Heudelet 26 in Dijon, France and Tsuruoka House in Tsuruoka, Japan were taken as examples for exploring the ecological initiatives of recycling development in community building; The method of creating heritage space based on East Asian historical cities also was discussed to meet the requirements of the site’s historical heritage as well as the expectations of urban biodiversity protection.
Mr. Philip Heller, founder of Heller Manners Architects in the United States, pointed out in his article A New Approach to Greening Asian Cities that the three pillars of green city development are sustainability, mobility and livability. Through this issue’s thematic discussion, we will have a clearer understanding of the East Asian concept, East Asian programs and East Asian actions for green cities. Based on the perspective of landscape architecture, it is necessary to further promote the localization of green cities in East Asia, especially the Chinese-style modernization of green city policy standards, scientific and technological innovation, and development practices, in order to promote the harmonious existence of human and nature.
Editor-in-Chief
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《园林》学刊
定位：风景园林领域高质量学术刊物
定向：立足国内、面向国际
定标：服务学科学者、支撑行业发展
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