《罗伯特议事规则》与“华盛顿文明准则”

Original 杨原平罗伯特议事规则 2020-08-20

来自专辑

【罗规】

上一篇“华盛顿110条文明准则—The Rules of Civility”介绍了“华盛顿文明准则”的出处，是以耶稣会士制定的一套规则为基础的一本书的抄本。其实如果对《圣经》比较了解的话，不难发现这些准则的精神实质源于《圣经》。

有“罗规”（《罗伯特议事规则》简称）爱好者常问：开会时总有人不遵守规则，打断别人发言，跑题，人身攻击，甚至吵架致会议无法进行，“罗规”能解决吗？答：“罗规”的重点不是解决这些枝节问题，但这些枝节问题会导致“罗规”无法正常应用。

“罗规”有专门讲“礼仪规范”的章节① ，但这些礼仪规范及程序规则，并不是以培养礼仪礼貌素养为目的。应用“罗规”的一个不言而喻的前提是，大多数参会人员能够遵守礼仪规范，违规只是少数人偶尔为之，经提醒或按规则处理后能改正，至于个别顽固不改之人，也可按规则程序开除。但如果多数人普遍不具备文明素养，不遵守礼仪规范，“罗规”就没办法了，因为“罗规”以过半数表决为决策基础。所谓：众人犯法，法不责众，法不成法。多数暴政，乌合之众，终被专制，不断轮回。

要解决这个问题，需要借助“罗规”之外的途径，学习遵从“华盛顿文明准则”就是这样一种有价值的途径。“华盛顿110条文明准则”在价值观、信仰上与“罗规”一致，虽有些细节过时，如脱帽礼，但精神实质没有过时，仍具有其宝贵价值。如不具备这些基本的文明素养，即使把“罗规””倒背如流，也无法正常应用“罗规”。

取法乎上，仅得其中；取法乎中，仅得其下；取法乎下，击穿底线。没有高标准的“文明准则”，不足以支撑“罗规”这样的“重器”。

以下是对“华盛顿110条文明准则”的节录排序：

标识：本文排序—“芒特弗农女士协会”②投票排序—得票数—华盛顿排序—中文—英文

1-10-286-110.努力让那被称作良知的圣火在你的胸中熊熊燃烧。

RULE NO. 110

Labour to keep alive in your Breast that Little Spark of Ce[les]tial fire Called Conscience.

【要存清白的良心固守信仰的奥秘。(提摩太前书 3:9 和合本2010)

They must keep hold of the deep truths of the faith with a clear conscience. (1 Timothy 3:9 NIV)】

2-98-28-83 .当你确定要做某事时，不要感情用事，要运用判断力。另一方面，做人也要如此。

RULE NO. 83

When you deliver a matter do it without Passion & with Discretion, howev[er] mean the Person be you do it too.

【耶和华知道人的意念是虚妄的。(诗篇 94:11 和合本2010)

The Lord knows all human plans; he knows that they are futile. (Psalms 94:11 NIV)】

3-18-204-56.假如你珍惜自己的名誉，就结交品质好的人。和坏人交往，还不如独处。

RULE NO. 56

Associate yourself with Men of good Quality if you Esteem your own Reputation; for 'tis better to be alone than in bad Company.

【不从恶人的计谋，不站罪人的道路，不坐傲慢人的座位，惟喜爱耶和华的律法，昼夜思想他的律法；这人便为有福！(诗篇 1:1 和合本2010)

Blessed is the one who does not walk in step with the wicked or stand in the way that sinners take or sit in the company of mockers, (Psalms 1:1 NIV)】

4-2-1847-1.与人相处时，言行举止应表现出对对方的尊敬。

RULE NO. 1

Every Action done in Company, ought to be with Some Sign of Respect, to those that are Present.

5-104-27-59.在职位或身份比你低的人面前，永远不要表现出任何的失礼，也不要违反道德准则。

RULE NO. 59

Never express anything unbecoming, nor Act ag[in]st the Rules Mora[l] before your inferiours.

6-8-323-82. 不要承诺你做不到的事，不过一旦承诺，就要守信。

RULE NO. 82

Undertake not what you cannot Perform but be Carefull to keep your Promise.

7-47-89-50.不要轻易相信那些诋毁他人的流言蜚语。

RULE NO. 50

Be not hasty to beleive flying Reports to the Disparag[e]ment of any.

8-62-62-79.当你不知道事情的真相时，不要自作聪明地发表新闻。在谈论你听到的某事时，最早版本的作者既然不是你，那作者姓名就永远是个难发现的秘密。

RULE NO. 79

Be not apt to relate News if you know not the truth thereof. In Discoursing of things you Have heard Name not your Author always A [Se]cret Discover not.

9-95-31-67.不要贬低别人，也不要过分抬高别人。

RULE NO. 67

Detract not from others neither be excessive in Commanding.

10-48-81-17.不要溜须拍马，也不要调侃那些不喜欢自己被调侃的人。

RULE NO. 17

Be no Flatterer, neither Play with any that delights not to be Play'd Withal.

11-31-114-108. 当你谈到上帝或其品质时，态度要严肃，满怀敬意。尊重和孝顺你的父母，即便他们是穷人。

RULE NO. 108

When you Speak of God or his Atributes, let it be Seriously & [with] Reverence. Honour & Obey your Natural Parents altho they be Poor.

12-46-90-21.不去责备他人天生的缺点，也不因此而心中窃喜。

RULE NO. 21

Reproach none for the Infirmaties of Nature, nor Delight to Put them that have in mind thereof.

13-37-108-71.不要盯着别人的疤痕或瑕疵，也不要刨根打问。朋友间说的秘密不要透露给他人。

RULE NO. 71

Gaze not on the marks or blemishes of Others and ask not how they came. What you may Speak in Secret to your Friend deliver not before others.

14-16-211-22.不要对别人的不幸幸灾乐祸，即便他是你的敌人。

RULE NO. 22

Shew not yourself glad at the Misfortune of another though he were your enemy.

15-24-137-23.当看到一桩罪行受到惩处时，你自然感到欣慰，但对于受到刑罚惩处的罪犯，应该存有怜悯之心。

RULE NO. 23

When you see a Crime punished, you may be inwardly Pleased; but always shew Pity to the Suffering Offender.

16-13-224-43.不要在病人或不幸的人前表现出高兴，因为那样只会加重对方的痛苦。

RULE NO. 43

Do not express Joy before one sick or in pain for that contrary Passion will aggravate his Misery.

17-96-30-47.不要嘲笑人，也不要在重大问题上乱开玩笑，不要开伤人的玩笑，如果你要就某事发表意见，要显示出富于机智和令人愉快，避免自己成为笑柄。

RULE NO. 47

Mock not nor Jest at any thing of Importance break [n]o Jest that are Sharp Biting and if you Deliver any thing witty and Pleasent abtain from Laughing thereat yourself.

18-107-24-64.在没人有开玩笑的心情时，不要逗乐子。笑声不要太大，也不要不分场合。不要嘲笑别人的不幸，即使确有可笑之处。

RULE NO. 64

Break not a Jest where none take pleasure in mirth Laugh not aloud, nor at all without Occasion, deride no mans Misfortune, tho' there Seem to be Some cause.

19-100-28-87.在倾听别人讲话时，你应该表现得认真和专注。不要总和别人说的唱反调。

RULE NO. 87

Let thy carriage be such as becomes a Man Grave Settled and attentive [to that which is spoken. Contra]dict not at every turn what others Say.

20-110-22-69.如果两个人在争执，不要随随便便就介入某一方。在无关紧要的事上，站在多数人一边，不要固执己见。

RULE NO. 69

If two contend together take not the part of either unconstrain[ed]; and be not obstinate in your own Opinion, in Things indiferent be of the Major Side.

21-105-27-66.不要刚愎自用，而要友善谦恭。首先要礼貌地倾听和回答。在与人交谈时不要独自想心事。

RULE NO. 66

Be not froward but friendly and Courteous; the first to Salute hear and answer & be not Pensive when it's a time to Converse.

22-45-93-73.讲话前要先想好，发音要准确，语速不要太快，要清晰有条理。

RULE NO. 73

Think before you Speak pronounce not imperfectly nor bring ou[t] your Words too hastily but orderly & distinctly.

23-20-49-76-35.在商业或公务谈话中，你的讲话应该简短、易于理解。

RULE NO. 35

Let your Discourse with Men of Business be Short and Comprehensive.

24-89-39-86. 在争论中，不要过于渴望能说服每个人，同时也不要任由每个人随便发表自己的看法。要顺从多数人的意见，特别是当他们是争论中的评判者时。

RULE NO. 86

In Disputes, be not So Desireous to Overcome as not to give Liberty to each one to deliver his Opinion and Submit to the Judgment of the Major Part especially if they are Judges of the Dispute.

25-86-45-34.在讲话时，让对方先讲，特别是面对身份比我们高的人，我们绝对不应该抢话。这才是好的举止。

RULE NO. 34

It is good Manners to prefer them to whom we Speak befo[re] ourselves especially if they be above us with whom in no Sort we ought to begin.

26-87-44-65.不要说刺伤人的话，无论是开玩笑还是认真说话；也不要嘲笑任何人，即使他们给了你这样的机会。

RULE NO. 65

Speak not injurious Words neither in Jest nor Earnest Scoff at none although they give Occasion.

27-29-119-89. 不要讲不在场的人的坏话，因为这不公平。

RULE NO. 89

Speak not Evil of the absent for it is unjust.

28-52-72-81. 不要对他人的私事存有好奇心。也不要介入别人的私人谈话。

RULE NO. 81

Be not Curious to Know the Affairs of Others neither approach those that Speak in Private.

29-56-66-58.与人说话不要带有恶意和嫉妒，这是一种温顺和值得赞扬的品性。在所有情绪容易激动的场合，要保持理智和冷静。

RULE NO. 58

Let your Conversation be without Malice or Envy, for 'tis a Sig[n o]f a Tractable and Commendable Nature: And in all Causes of Passion [ad]mit Reason to Govern.

30-43-96-49.不要使用谴责的语言对待他人，不要诅咒也不要辱骂他人。

RULE NO. 49

Use no Reproachfull Language against any one neither Curse nor Revile.

31-72-58-72.与人交往，不要说别人不懂的方言和你那个圈子里的行话、俚语。庄重的问题要庄重地对待。

RULE NO. 72

Speak not in an unknown Tongue in Company but in your own Language and that as those of Quality do and not as the Vulgar; Sublime matters treat Seriously.

32-76-57-75.在别人谈话时，你不请自到，而你察觉到由于你的到来，让谈话停止时，你可以表示歉意，有礼貌地请讲话人继续；当一个有身份的人在你讲话时到来，你应该向他重复一下你先前讲的话。这是有教养的表现。

RULE NO. 75

In the midst of Discourse ask [not of what one treateth] but if you Perceive any Stop because of [your coming you may well intreat him gently] to Proceed: If a Person of Quality comes in while your Conversing it's handsome to Repeat what was said before.

33-108-22-46.无论何时何地受到批评，都应该心存感激地接受。不过如果自己没错，不要当时就顶撞，事后找一个便利的时间和地点，向批评者解释。

RULE NO. 46

Take all Admonitions thankfully in what Time or Place Soever given but afterwards not being culpable take a Time [&] Place convenient to let him him know it that gave them.

34-61-62-48.在批评他人的某个毛病时，自己必须是没有这个毛病的，因为身教重于言教。

RULE NO. 48

Wherein you reprove Another be unblameable yourself; for example is prevalent than Precepts.

35-70-58-45.在提意见或责备某人时，要考虑是应该在公开场合还是在私下里，或者是改个时间去做。那时批评就不会带上火气，而是比较温和容易让人接受。

RULE NO.45

Being to advise or reprehend any one, consider whether it ought to be in publick or in Private; presently, or at Some other time in what terms to do it & in reproving Shew no Sign of Cholar but do it with all Sweetness and Mildness.

36-21-145-40.在和上级意见不一致时，不要试图争辩获胜，只需虚心地提出你的意见。

RULE NO. 40

Strive not with your Superiers in argument, but always Submit your Judgment to others with Modesty.

37-34-111-44.当一个人尽了他的所能却没有做好某事时，不要责备他。

RULE NO. 44

When a man does all he can though it Succeeds not well blame not him that did it.

38-85-47-78.评价人时不要乱比较。当某人由于勇敢等品德受到赞扬时，不要拿他和别人比三比四。

RULE NO. 78

Make no Comparisons and if any of the Company be Commended for any brave act of Vertue, commend not another for the Same.

39-75-57-68.不要去你不熟悉的社交场合，无论你在那里将受到欢迎还是不被欢迎。没有被问到就不要提出建议，如果想提，就尽量简短。

RULE NO. 68

Go not thither, where you know not, whether you Shall be Welcome or not. Give not Advice with[out] being Ask'd & when desired [d]o it briefly.

40-68-58-25.礼节不可繁琐，也不可在必需时被忽视。

RULE NO. 25

Superfluous Complements and all Affectation of Ceremonie are to be avoided, yet where due they are not to be Neglected.

41-91-36-36.工人和身份低的人对待贵族或其他身份高的人，不必讲究繁文缛节，但应该表现出尊重和敬意。而身份高的人也同样。他们在对待身份低的人时应该和蔼有礼，不可傲慢自大。

RULE NO. 36

Artificers & Persons of low Degree ought not to use many ceremonies to Lords, or Others of high Degree but Respect and high[ly] Honour them, and those of high Degree ought to treat them with affibility & Courtesie, without Arrogancy.

42-83-50-28.当你坐着时，如果某人过来和你说话，你应该站起来，即便对方是你的下级。当你为人引座时，应根据他的身份和地位。

RULE NO. 28

If any one come to Speak to you while you are are Sitting Stand up tho he be your Inferiour, and when you Present Seats let it be to every one according to his Degree.

43-101-27-31.一个人即使年纪比他人大，或地位、功勋比他人高，也应该表现得谦让有礼。无论是居家还是在任何地方，都不应有例外。当然，另一方面，也不可表现得谦卑过头，或者只是偶尔谦卑。

RULE NO. 31

If any one far Surpassess others, either in age, Estate, or Merit [yet] would give Place to a meaner than hims[elf in his own lodging or elsewhere] the one ought not to except it, S[o he on the other part should not use much earnestness nor offer] it above once or twice.

44-109-22-61.在庄重的和博学的人中，不要有低俗和轻佻的举动，也不要卖弄非常艰涩困难的问题和话题；对不懂或难以确认的事，不要妄下结论，无论是在长辈面前还是在同辈人中间。

RULE NO. 61

Utter not base and frivilous things amongst grave and Learn'd Men nor very Difficult Questians or Subjects, among the Ignorant or things hard to be believed, Stuff not your Discourse with Sentences amongst your Betters nor Equals.

45-36-109-18.在社交场合，不要读信、看书或看报纸；如果确需读信等，要征得允许离开。在别人看书或写东西时，不要凑上去看，除非被邀请或给你发表意见的机会。别人写信时，未经同意，也不要靠近观看。

RULE NO. 18

Read no Letters, Books, or Papers in Company but when there is a Necessity for the doing of it you must ask leave: come not near the Books or Writings of Another so as to read them unless desired or give your opinion of them unask'd also look not nigh when another is writing a Letter.

46-97-29-63.不要夸耀自己的成就、才智，更不要炫耀自己的财富、美德或出身。

RULE NO. 63

A Man o[ug]ht not to value himself of his Atchievements, or rare Qua[lities of wit; much less of his rich]es Virtue or Kindred.

47-50-75-54.不要像孔雀那样炫耀，处处看重自己的外表：打扮得是不是很漂亮；鞋子是不是很合适；袜子是不是很讲究，衣服是不是很时髦。

RULE NO. 54

Play not the Peacock, looking every where about you, to See if you be well Deck't, if your Shoes fit well if your Stokings sit neatly, and Cloths handsomely.

48-92-36-52.衣着应该端庄大方，适合自己的气质个性。与其追逐虚荣，宁可与自己同等的人保持风格一致。随时随地以斯文和整洁赢得尊重。

RULE NO. 52

In your Apparel be Modest and endeavour to accomodate Nature, rather than to procure Admiration keep to the Fashio[n] of your equals Such as are Civil and orderly with respect to Times and Places.

49-30-116-109. 消遣娱乐应该是健康向上的，而不应该是低级邪恶的。

RULE NO. 109

Let your Recreations be Manfull not Sinfull.

50-33-112-105.在餐桌上无论发生了什么都不可生气，假如你真有原因生气，也不要表现出来。而是要表现出高兴的神色，特别是如果有生人在场，因为好心情是宴席上最好的一道菜。

RULE NO. 105

Be not Angry at Table whatever happens & if you have reason to be so, shew it not but on a Chearfull Countenance especially if there be Strangers for Good Humour makes one Dish of Meat a Feas[t].

51-65-60-91. 吃饭时不要表现得过分兴高采烈；不要贪嘴；用餐刀切面包。不要靠着饭桌，也不要对你吃的东西挑剔不已。

RULE NO. 91

Make no Shew of taking great Delight in your Victuals, Feed no[t] with Greediness; cut your Bread with a Knife, lean not on the Table neither find fault with what you Eat.

52-78-56-62.不要在欢乐的时候或在饭桌上讲伤心的事，不要讲诸如死亡、伤病的事，假如别人提及这些事，如果你能，就改变这些话题。除非对亲密的朋友，不要讲你做的梦。

RULE NO. 62

Speak not of doleful Things in a Time of Mirth or at the Table; Speak not of Melancholy Things as Death and Wounds, and if others Mention them Change if you can the Discourse tell not your Dreams, but to your intimate Friend.

53-84-49-102 .不要老招呼别人吃东西，也不必在你每次喝酒时也向别人劝酒。

RULE NO. 102

It is out of use to call upon the Company often to Eat nor need you Drink to others every Time you Drink.

54-27-124-12.不要摇头晃脑，不要跺脚、抖腿，不要乱转眼珠子，不要把一条眉毛抬得比另一条高，不要歪嘴。在与人靠得很近讲话时，注意不要把唾沫溅到对方脸上。

RULE NO. 12

Shake not the head, Feet, or Legs rowl not the Eys lift not one eyebrow higher than the other wry not the mouth, and bedew no mans face with your Spittle, by appr[oaching too nea]r him [when] you Speak.

55-14-211-8.在游戏或者围拢烤火时，要给后来者主动让位，并且不要故意大呼小叫。

RULE NO. 8

At Play and at Fire its Good manners to Give Place to the last Commer, and affect not to Speak Louder than Ordinary.

56-4-607-2.与人相处时，不要指手画脚，手的放置要自然得体。

RULE NO. 2

When in Company, put not your Hands to any Part of the Body, not usualy Discovered.

57-6-377-4.在别人面前，不要旁若无人地哼歌，也不要用手或脚打拍子。

RULE NO. 4

In the Presence of Others Sing not to yourself with a humming Noise, nor Drum with your Fingers or Feet.

58-205-11.不要晃来晃去挡人视线，也不要啃手指甲。

RULE NO. 11

Shift not yourself in the Sight of others nor Gnaw your nails.

这里引用一句话③：

Fussy or not, they represent more than just manners. They are the small sacrifices that we should all be willing to make for the good of all and the sake of living together.

不管你是否挑剔，他们代表的不仅仅是礼貌。这些都是我们都应该愿意为了所有人的利益和共同生活而作出的小牺牲。

以上仅供参考，谢谢！

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注释：

①《罗伯特议事规则》中文11版，

"礼节规范"-p17；

“辩论的礼节”-p287

②华盛顿庄园—“芒特弗农女士协会—The Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union”

https://www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/rules-of-civility Rules of Civility

Mount Vernon is owned and maintained in trust for the people of the United States by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union, a private, non-profit organization.

We don't accept government funding and rely upon private contributions to help preserve George Washington's home and legacy.

芒特弗农由私人非营利组织Mount Vernon女士协会拥有并维持在美国人民的信任之中。

我们不接受政府资助，依靠私人捐款来帮助保护乔治华盛顿的家园和遗产。

③ 这句话引自该网站文章：

http://www.foundationsmag.com/civility.html

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01-重点

01.《罗伯特议事规则》—2018音乐汇

02.《罗伯特议事规则》的应用范围与借鉴

03.《罗伯特议事规则》与“辩论”

04.简易QQ、微信群《罗伯特议事规则》标准版1.0-20180527

05.第5次“WLG微信简易《罗规》群【共有】群规”修改实录