9.17托福考情回顾||谢谢ETS，我知道该复习啥提分了！！！
这几次的托福呀，
刷过真题的宝宝真是心里脸上都笑嘻嘻~~
看看今天的考情分析，
红字的那都是原题啊原题，
以后复习该看什么知道了吧？
ETS都表现的这么明白了！！！
所以我不嫌烦的在考情前面再次安利！！！
啄木鸟网校真题班，
观看录播回放，怒刷真题冲高分！
你，值得拥有！
下面看考情啦啦啦啦！
Task 1
问题
三选一,small business最需要的品质1.outgoing and friendly
2.well organized
3.creative
Sample answer:
Personally speaking, being well-organizedis the most beneficial for starting a business. First, being organized willcontribute to the efficiency of our work. As you can see, when we start ourbusiness, we will get tons of things to do, and sometimes we get messed upbecause we don’t make plans. Organizing things ahead of time will reduce thiskind of situation. Plus, being well-organized is the essential quality of beinga leader. You know, the difference between boss and employees is that bossesare calm and organized, which means that when employees are faced withproblems, bosses can figure out ways of solving it organizing the resourcessuch as the use of materials.
Task 2
问题
你是否认同--学校食堂给垃圾食品加价来扩充健康食品？Sample answer:
I definitely agree with this proposal because we should balance our diet by taking in more nutritional food, like vegetables and meat. As students, we are too young to overcome the temptationof junk food. In this case, policies are necessary, raising the price of junkfood is one of them. You know, when i was a kid, i was so into junk food that ididn’t eat any vegetables or anything that’s beneficial for my body at all. Andthe result was that i ended up in hospital. If the school had raised the priceof junk food at that time, i wouldn’t need to be in hospital and suffered atall.
啄木鸟的宝宝们有福了，又中了！综合写作重复了2016年6月25日的真题，我们在真题刷题班讲过！！
独立写作：
A lot of highschool students now cheat in homework assignments, by asking other students foranswers. Which of the following do you think is the most efficient way to stop?
-asking parents tohelp stop the students from cheating
-penalty orpunishment to the students
-asking teacher tocreate homework assignment that cannot be easily cheated
今天的独立写作是久违了的三选一题目，ETS出的题目越来越接地气，考察防止高中生作弊哪种方法最有效。这种题型的思路是选择一个支持的说明理由，并解释为什么不支持其他两个选项。
这道题假如选择第三个，我们可以找到理由是老师可以布置开放性的家庭作业，学生可以去图书馆查阅资料，整理形成presentation或者写paper，这样学生就不太容易作弊。
第一个选项--父母帮助孩子防止作弊—可能作用不太大，是因为有些家长本身受教育程度不高没法进行有效的指导；甚至有的父母会为了孩子在学业中拿到比较高的成绩会帮助孩子做作业，这就起不到防止作弊的效果。
第二个选项—处罚—也起不到作用是因为处罚过轻起不到震慑作用，处罚过重比如开除学籍可能会给学生带来严重影响，甚至心理素质不好的学生会跳楼自杀等等。
综合写作：
Nacza Lines为什么形成的三种理论：
1.用来记录星象变化，因为有些图案像天上的星星。
但教授反驳还有无数的图案根本不能match到天上的星星，而且仅有的那些像的图案也只是巧合而已。
2. 一种表达文化的艺术形式，因为很壮观。
教授反驳说在高处看确实很壮观，但在平地看就not visible，根本不能识别，所以不可能是人为创作的艺术作品。
3. 是人们赛跑的轨道，因为有很多人的足迹。
教授反驳说这些足迹很复杂，还包含了动物的脚印，很难定位，而且不一定是用来赛跑的，可能是人们进行宗教仪式时留下来的。
下面给大家个小福利
2016.6.25综合写作
The straight lines and the central shapewith straight line are “Nazca Lines”
The term “Nazca Lines” refer to a seriesof images created in the desert of Peru about 2,000 years ago. These images,many depicting geometric shapes, are extremely large with some covering severalkilometers. Although researchers know how the Nazca Lines were created--the toplayer of dark rocks were removed from the desert floor, exposing the lightersoil underneath--they remain uncertain why they were created. Several theorieshave been suggested to account for the presence of these lines.
Onetheory is that the Nazca Lines were used as an astronomicalcalendar for tracking events such as the winter solstice (the day with shortestnumber of daylight hours) that were important to agricultural peoples. Thistheory was supported by the discovery of an astronomical link between some ofthe images and various planets and stars. It was pointed out, for example, thaton the day of the winter solstice, the Sun sets almost directly over a singlelong line drawn in the desert.
Anothertheory is that the Nazca images were created as a monumentalart form expressing the Nazca people’s cultural and social importance in theregion. Many ancient peoples built large monuments and artworks to demonstratetheir power and celebrate their achievements. The Egyptians built massivepyramids, for example, and Easter Islanders curved massive human heads out ofstone. It seems reasonable, therefore, to think that the Nazca images werebuilt for similar reasons--to impress others.
Athird theory focuses on the fact that there is evidence thatpeople traveled by foot along the line. This has led to the speculation thatthe Nazca Lines represented sites of footraces in which individuals or groupsof individuals competed for athletic victory. In this view, the Nazca imagesare ancient racetracks.
Listening
The three theories that you read givesome very creative explanations for the Nazca Lines. But none holds up wellunto the examination.
First, about the Nazca Lines asindicators of astronomic events. What the reading didn’t mention is that thevast majority of Nazca images don’t match up with anything observable in thesky. And for the few images they do, well, you know, there are hundreds ofNazca images and countless objects in the sky. Given these numbers, of course, afew line up. That would happen just by chance.
Second, the Nazca images as art. Well, itis certainly true that Nazca images are large, but they are impressive reallyonly when seen from overhead, like in an airplane. When you’re simply standingon the ground next to one of these images, it is not impressive at all. Thelandscape is too flat and the images are too large to allow people on theground to recognize them. This is very different from the pyramids and theEaster Island stones. They are not just large, they are tall. It is their greatheight them makes them visible and impressive.
Third, the idea that people were usingthe lines as racing tracks. Some of the images are in the shape of animals.There is a monkey, a hummingbird, a spider and so on. And these images are toocomplex to make good locations for foot race. Ok, so what could count for theevidence that foot traveled along the line? We can’t be sure of course, but weknow that other prehistoric peoples in the region had religious rituals thatinvolved walking along especially created pathways. It could be that Nazca lineplayed a role in religious rituals or ceremonies that involved walking alongthe line.
Reading
现在每次到阅读内容特别多
1.14世纪欧洲经济的衰退: 啄木鸟内部真题第3套
EconomicDecline in Europe During the Fourteenth Century重复2017.03.11，2015.11.08，2014.11.23，2014.04.27
有几个理由:与东方经济交往的切断、种植手段欠缺食物短缺、天气影响收成等。
2.水的温度分层造成的影响：啄木鸟内部真题第16套
Thermal Stratification重复2015.05.30
3.Attemptsat Determining Earth’s Age：啄木鸟真题第1套
重复2015.08.22，2014-03-01，2014-09-21
4.美国高速公路:
TheUnited States Interstate Highway System重复2017.05.13，2017.03.04，2016.09.25和2016.06.04
说的是一个美国山区的特殊道路,先前一些学家认为是交通道路。后来一个学者说,这些道路是一些特殊 ritual spirit的体现,因为很多道路都是断头路,并不能通到哪去。
5.温室效应:
温室效应不仅变热,还让海水酸化。这个酸化会给海洋生物带来很多影响。都是负面的。例如会融化贝壳的外壳。然后越冷的2009水溶的酸越多,一种现象会加剧酸化。
6.宇宙形成的两种学说:
TheControversy over the Cosmic Hypothesis重复2016.11.12（本年度新题）大爆炸学说和恒定学说。一种说宇宙是爆炸形成的,一种说宇宙整体的组成是恒定不变的。
7.自然选择
Constraintson Natural Selection重复2016.09.03，2014.06.15
8.地下水
UndergroundWater重复2017.04.23（本年度新题）
9.北美早期农业发展
FarmingNew England in Colonial Times重复2017.07.15下午场，2016.03.13和2015.08.30
10.Formsof Locomotion重复2017.03.04，2014.12.06和2013.09.14
11.18世纪欧洲饮食的变化（新题）
12.阅读加试：恐龙灭绝
13.加试新题，蜥蜴如何改变肤色和行为来控制体温，或是生物钟biologicalrhythms
14.加试新题，某种蛇的生态入侵，或冰川撤退大陆架显露对海岸地区造成的影响，或温室效应带来的影响(如海水变热，融化贝壳等)与动物的体温管理二选一
经过昨天听力的轰炸式洗礼，今天的听力又现原题！还没有刷原题的宝贝们让我看到你们的泪水~~~
Conversation1
女生说她不想定牛奶，但工作人员说在学校必须定。女生说她不能吃含wet的食物,问怎么办?工作人员说食堂有不含wet的,要2010她去问食堂的人。女生建议说用label标明含不含wet,工作人员说有label红色的就是不含的。
Lecture1
一个特殊的 theater以及它的发明者,与 realistic theater不一样,这种剧一般反映现实问题,如全球变暖,但会用以前的例子,让观众保持客观。这个作者觉得看戏既是娱乐也是教育。
Lecture2
紫罗兰的 reproduction两种方法一个是昆虫传粉,一个是射种子紫罗兰花期很长,会调整茎和花蕊,吸引不同时期的传粉昆虫。过了花期,会长另一种花,不会开但会发射种子,一般5米远。教授还讲了个例子,阐述这个发射种子力道很大。
Conversation2
教授问学生 group assignment做的怎么样,学生说没做完。教授说可能有人偷懒然后举了俩例子。学生说没人偷懒。只是任务量不均匀。教授让他少给自己分配点任务。
类似篇章：TPO4C2
Lecture3
地球科学将一种特殊的 Ice age两种学说形成,它形成的时间特别短。
原题，同2016.8.27 Younger Dryas
Lecture4
美国历史美国1940s的一次人口大迁移欧洲经济衰落大量人涌入美国,导致一些州人太多。人们就往南部迁移,之前南部发展差所以人们都不乐意去。但后来因为纽约之类的城市人太多,南部也有了一些改善有工作机会,大家就都去南部了
原题，同2017.3.4
（美国移民历史Background Info.）
1940s美国人移居美国南部
移民的主要原因有两类，一类称为push，即驱使移民离开自己所在地的原因；另一类称为pull，即吸引移民来到新地区的原因。
例如，早起从欧洲移民来美国的人就是受到了这两种原因的驱使。一方面，自己所在的国家贫穷，并且看不到希望；另一方面，美国充满了机遇。同样的逻辑不仅仅适用于国家之间的移民，也适用于国内移民。
例如二战之后，美国繁荣发展，东部尤甚。众多的人口让很多有孩子或者准备要孩子的家庭感觉到东部太拥挤了，这就是push类原因。当时的南部地区虽然地广人稀，而且气候温暖，但是没有足够的基础设施也没有足够的工作机会，因此南部对于人们的pull还不够。
但是1940s之后，政府投资重金，在南部建立了水坝，发电厂等设施。政府还修筑了城市与城市之间的道路，同时由于家家户户都能买得起车，于是原来美国难以交通的南部城市也变的容易通行。此外，空调的应用让工作场所里的员工都能享有很好的工作环境。
这时，南部的pull足够了，土地便宜，工作机会又多，很多人开始往那里移民。
Conversation3
学生想听一个Prof的课，但是没有报上，所以想请求Prof enroll。
Lecture5
土星大气层和卡西尼卫星
（P.S.微博是个好东西，你值得拥有，15号卡西尼卫星刚刚与土星相撞）
本次考情分析由啄木鸟教育罗秀（口语）、陈琳玲（写作）、崔丹凤（阅读）、刘彩琳（听力）撰写，诚意推荐，转载需注明出处。
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