《JDE》| Liu et al：“蓝天”的代价：中国的环境法规，技术升级和劳动力需求

摘要：为了应对更严格的环境法规，制造业公司需要开展减少污染的生产活动并更改可能会影响其劳动力需求的最佳生产决策。我们使用十年的公司级面板数据集（1998年至2007年），使用配对倾向得分匹配（PSM）和双重差分（DID）估计来研究国家空气污染治理政策对中国就业的影响。我们发现，中国重点城市空气污染治理（KCAPC）政策有效地将二氧化硫（SO2）排放降低了约26％。新的环境法规减少了约3％的制造业劳动力需求。最重要的是，因为企业主要通过生产技术升级来减少污染排放，因此劳动力需求下降部分是由于技术进步拉动劳动生产率的提高。减少污染带来的结果是，国内制造企业的低技能雇员和工人更容易受到环境法规的影响。

关键词：劳动力需求；环境法规；空气污染治理；制造公司；中国

Abstract:   To cope with the stricter environmental regulation, manufacturing firms need to carry out pollution reduction activities and change their optimal production decisions, which may affect their labor demand. Using a ten-year firm-level panel dataset (1998–2007), we use an estimation technique pairing propensity score matching (PSM) with a difference-in-differences (DID) estimator to examine the impacts of a national air pollution control policy on employment in China. We find that China's Key Cities for Air Pollution Control (KCAPC) policy effectively lowered sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions by approximately 26%. The new environmental regulation significantly reduced manufacturing labor demand by approximately 3%. Most importantly, firms reduce pollution emission mainly by upgrading production technology so the decline in labor is partly due to the increase in labor productivity brought about by technological progress. As a result of pollution reduction, low-skilled employees and workers in domestic manufacturing firms are more affected by environmental regulation in China.

Key Words：Labor demand; Environmental regulation; Air pollution control; Manufacturing firm; China

《Journal of Development Economics》（JDE）最新影响因子2.649。发表有关经济发展各个方面的研究论文，是学界公认的发展经济学领域的顶级期刊。

原文链接：

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304387820301851

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