初心诵 ┆ 师生接力共读《共产党宣言》第十三期，炎炎夏日聆听经典。

Original 2017-06-02 青马工作室 陕西师范大学马克思主义学院

他们责备资产阶级，与其说是因为它产生了无产阶级，不如说是因为它产生了革命的无产阶级。

——《共产党宣言》

初心诵，取“不忘初心，继续前进”之意。本档节目开播以来，得到了大家的大力支持。现在，小青马非常激动地宣布，初心诵第13期开播啦！殷老师携小伙伴们给大家带来不一样的经典体验，快来听听吧!

原文如下

法国和英国的贵族，按照他们的历史地位所负的使命，就是写一些抨击现代资产阶级社会的作品。在法国的1830年七月革命和英国的改革运动中，他们再一次被可恨的暴发户打败了。从此就再谈不上严重的政治斗争了。他们还能进行的只是文字斗争。但是，即使在文字方面也不可能重弹复辟时期的老调了。为了激起同情，贵族们不得不装模作样，似乎他们已经不关心自身的利益，只是为了被剥削的工人阶级的利益才去写对资产阶级的控诉书。他们用来泄愤的手段是：唱唱诅咒他们的新统治者的歌，并向他叽叽咕咕地说一些或多或少凶险的预言。

Owing to their historical position, it became the vocation of the aristocracies of France and England to write pamphlets against modern bourgeois society. In the French revolution of July 1830, and in the English reform agitation, these aristocracies again succumbed to the hateful upstart. Thenceforth, a serious political contest was altogether out of the question. A literary battle alone remained possible. But even in the domain of literature the old cries of the restoration period had become impossible. In order to arouse sympathy, the aristocracy were obliged to lose sight, apparently, of their own interests, and to formulate their indictment against the bourgeoisie in the interest of the exploited working class alone. Thus the aristocracy took their revenge by singing lampoons on their new master, and whispering in his ears sinister prophecies of coming catastrophe.

这样就产生了封建的社会主义，半是挽歌，半是谤文，半是过去的回音，半是未来的恫吓；它有时也能用辛辣、俏皮而尖刻的评论剌中资产阶级的心，但是它由于完全不能理解现代历史的进程而总是令人感到可笑。

为了拉拢人民，贵族们把无产阶级的乞食袋当作旗帜来挥舞。但是，每当人民跟着他们走的时候，都发现他们的臀部带有旧的封建纹章，于是就哈哈大笑，一哄而散。

In this way arose Feudal Socialism: half lamentation, half lampoon; half echo of the past, half menace of the future; at times, by its bitter, witty and incisive criticism, striking the bourgeoisie to the very heart's core; but always ludicrous in its effect, through total incapacity to comprehend the march of modern history.

The aristocracy, in order to rally the people to them, waved the proletarian alms-bag in front for a banner. But the people, so often as it joined them, saw on their hindquarters the old feudal coats of arms, and deserted with loud and irreverent laughter.

一部分法国正统派和“青年英国”，都演过这出戏。

封建主说，他们的剥削方式和资产阶级的剥削不同，那他们只是忘记了，他们是在完全不同的、目前已经过时的情况和条件下进行剥削的。他们说，在他们的统治下并没有出现过现代的无产阶级，那他们只是忘记了，现代的资产阶级正是他们的社会制度的必然产物。

不过，他们毫不掩饰自己的批评的反动性质，他们控告资产阶级的主要罪状正是在于：在资产阶级的统治下有一个将把整个旧社会制度炸毁的阶级发展起来。

One section of the French Legitimists and "Young England" exhibited this spectacle.

In pointing out that their mode of exploitation was different to that of the bourgeoisie, the feudalists forget that they exploited under circumstances and conditions that were quite different, and that are now antiquated. In showing that, under their rule, the modern proletariat never existed, they forget that the modern bourgeoisie is the necessary offspring of their own form of society.

For the rest, so little do they conceal the reactionary character of their criticism that their chief accusation against the bourgeoisie amounts to this, that under the bourgeois regime a class is being developed, which is destined to cut up root and branch the old order of society.

他们责备资产阶级，与其说是因为它产生了无产阶级，不如说是因为它产生了革命的无产阶级。

因此，在政治实践中，他们参与对工人阶级采取的一切暴力措施，在日常生活中，他们违背自己的那一套冠冕堂皇的言词，屈尊拾取金苹果，不顾信义、仁爱和名誉去做羊毛、甜菜和烧酒的买卖。

正如僧侣总是同封建主携手同行一样，僧侣的社会主义也总是同封建的社会主义携手同行的。

What they upbraid the bourgeoisie with is not so much that it creates a proletariat, as that it creates a revolutionary proletariat.

In political practice, therefore, they join in all coercive measures against the working class; and in ordinary life, despite their high falutin phrases, they stoop to pick up the golden apples dropped from the tree of industry, and to barter truth, love, and honour for traffic in wool, beetroot-sugar, and potato spirits.

As the parson has ever gone band in hand with the landlord, so has Clerical Socialism with Feudal Socialism.

要给基督教禁欲主义涂上一层社会主义的色彩，是再容易不过了。基督教不是也激烈反对私有财产，反对婚姻，反对国家吗？它不是提倡用行善和求乞、独身和禁欲、修道和礼拜来代替这一切吗？基督教的社会主义，只不过是僧侣用来使贵族的怨愤神圣的圣水罢了。

封建贵族并不是被资产阶级所推翻的、其生活条件在现代资产阶级社会里日益恶化和消失的唯一阶级。中世纪的城关市民和小农等级是现代资产阶级的前身。在工商业不很发达的国家里，这个阶级还在新兴的资产阶级身旁勉强生存着。

Nothing is easier than to give Christian asceticism a Socialist tinge. Has not Christianity declaimed against private property, against marriage, against the State? Has it not preached in the place of these, charity and poverty, celibacy and mortification of the flesh, monastic life and Mother Church? Christian Socialism is but the holy, water with which the priest consecrates the heart-burnings of the aristocrat.

The feudal aristocracy was not the only class that has ruined by the bourgeoisie, not the only class whose conditions of existence pined and perished in the atmosphere of modern bourgeois society. The mediaeval burgesses and the small peasant proprietors were the precursors of the modern bourgeoisie. In those countries which are but little developed, industrially and commercially, these two classes still vegetate side by side with the rising bourgeoisie.

在现代文明已经发展的国家里，形成了一个新的小资产阶级，它摇摆于无产阶级和资产阶级之间，并且作为资产阶级社会的补充部分不断地重新组成。但是，这一阶级的成员经常被竞争抛到无产阶级队伍里去，而且，随着大工业的发展，他们甚至觉察到，他们很快就会完全失去他们作为现代社会中一个独立部分的地位，在商业、工业和农业中很快就会被监工和雇员所代替。

In countries where modern civilisation has become fully developed, a new class of petty bourgeois has been formed, fluctuating between proletariat and bourgeoisie and ever renewing itself as a supplementary part of bourgeois society. The individual members of this class, however, are being constantly hurled down into the proletariat by the action of competition, and, as modern industry develops, they even see the moment approaching when they will completely disappear as an independent section of modern society, to be replaced, in manufactures, agriculture and commerce, by overlookers, bailiffs and shopmen.

本期朗诵者

马克思主义学院

青年教师殷一博

寄语

这段内容节选自《共产党宣言》第三章《社会主义和共产主义的文献》，马恩在这里运用阶级分析的方法，对存在于当时社会上的几种虚假和曲解的“社会主义”做出了剖析和批判，这使得普通民众对当时纷繁复杂的思想流派有了一个理性的认识，从而可以更好的维护自身权益。希望同学们通过阅读经典，能够运用马克思主义来指导自己的实践活动，培养自己的“火眼金睛”！

文学院2014级

汉语言文学1班田皎皎

（英文朗诵）

感言

第一次认真的阅读《共产党宣言》，庄严肃穆的文字总是在提醒着我们不要忘了来时的路，突破樊笼和枷锁是一场场流血的战争，个人完全的自由和平等并非唾手可得。经典需要反复阅读反复品味，也可以用其科学的思想指导我们的生活，初心诵，不忘初心，前方路漫漫，总是需要回头看看来时的目的地在哪里。感谢初心诵幕后的每一个工作人员，也祝愿更多的学生加入到阅读经典的活动中来。

马克思主义学院2016级研究生

中共党史专业鱼洋

感言

感谢初心诵栏目组能给予我诵读经典的机会，不可否认的是，在近现代历史的征途中，以《共产党宣言》为代表的经典著作为社会的变革与进步提供了强有力的思想武器，同时，其中所蕴含的科学思维、立场与方法也还并未过时，值得我们继续借鉴。初心诵，加油！

马克思主义学院2016级研究生

马克思主义中国化研究专业岳攀

（英文朗诵）

感言

《共产党宣言》（下称“宣言”）显然是学者们讨论当代马克思主义和时代发展中的一个重要知识性来源和文献文本，他们试图通过对“宣言”的研究来体现对于现代社会新问题的理解，反过来，又试图对于新问题的理解溶于“宣言”文本的认识之中。这正是“宣言”作为马克思主义经典著作在超越了意识形态和社会制度之后所体现出来的时代生命力。那么，作为我们青年学子更多的要做的是诵读经典、学习经典、理解经典，将自己所学知识同时代发展中的重大问题结合。将理论运用于实践，这才是我们参与“初心诵”的初衷。愿我们能够不忘初心，坚持自己本初的人生理想！

马克思主义学院2014级思想政治

教育2班陈妍

感言

非常感谢初心诵节目给我这个诵读经典的机会，身为马克思主义学院的一名学生，诵读的时候脑海里无时无刻不回响起老师在讲授《共产党宣言的》激动人心的呐喊。

将经典传诵下去是每一个青年马克思主义者的责任，祝福马院，祝福青马，祝福初心诵！

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我们走，和小青马一起来读《宣言》吧！

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