为了更好地传播知识，推动期刊国际合作，本刊与《城市研究》（Urban Studies）杂志达成网络合作，不定期推送友刊的精选文章摘要。读者们可以借此了解国际城市研究的新动向，同时学习城市研究领域学术英文的正规表达。欢迎大家批评指正。Spatialising degrowth
in Southern cities: Everyday park-making for (un)commoningManisha Anantharaman（美国加州圣玛丽学院）
Marlyne Sahakian（瑞士日内瓦大学）
Czarina Saloma（菲律宾马尼拉大学）
首次出版时间：2023/2/12｜研究论文
Abstract: Answering the call in this special issue to
spatialise degrowth studies beyond the Global North, this paper examines
practices of ‘park-making’ in Chennai and Metro Manila as a potential degrowth
pathway. Parks in the coastal mega cities of Metro Manila and Chennai can be
seen as relics of a colonial era, and spaces coherent with capitalist,
growth-oriented and consumerist logics. At the same time, however, they become
spaces that prefigure alternative ways of organising social life in the city
based upon values of conviviality, care and sharing. Using qualitative methods
of analysis, this paper examines what practices people engage with to satisfy
their everyday needs in parks, but also the dynamics of exclusion and
contestation that play out in these spaces. In doing so, we evaluate when and
under what conditions park-making supports practices of de-growth and commoning
beyond consumerist culture. Both commoning and uncommoning practices are detailed,
revealing the role of provisioning systems that lead to the satisfaction of
needs for some at the expense of others. Further, writing from cities that are
highly unequal, and where the basic needs of many are yet to be met, we assert
that understanding how degrowth manifests in these contexts can only be
revealed through a situated urban political ecology approach. Spatialising
degrowth in cities of the Global South should start with a focus on everyday
practices, study power relationally and explore the scope for a radical
incrementalism.摘要：为了响应对全球北方地区以外的空间“反增长至上”*进行研究的呼吁，本文将金奈和马尼拉大都会的公园建设实践作为一种可能的“反增长至上”途径进行了研究。马尼拉大都会和金奈等沿海特大城市的公园可被视为殖民时代的遗迹，是按照资本主义、以增长为导向和消费主义逻辑打造的空间。然而，人们还可以利用其他基于欢乐、关怀和分享价值观的方式来组织城市社会生活，而这些公园就可以提供相应的空间。本文使用定性分析方法，考察了人们在公园中进行哪些活动来满足他们的日常需求，以及在这些空间中发生的排斥和竞争动态。在此过程中，我们评估了公园建设支持超越消费主义文化的“反增长至上”和共享实践的时间和条件。我们详细介绍了一些共享和不共享的实践，揭示了供应系统的作用，这些系统会以牺牲一些人的利益为代价来满足另外一些人的需求。此外，基于对高度不平等的城市以及许多人的基本需求尚未得到满足的城市的研究，我们认为，只有通过情境化的城市政治生态学方法才能揭示“反增长至上”在这些情境中的表现方式。发展中国家城市的空间化“反增长至上”应该从关注日常实践开始，研究相关的权力并探索激进渐进主义的范围。
* 原中文摘要将degrowth翻译为“去增长”，我刊认为degrowth针对的是过去多年来的“增长至上”论，因此“反增长至上”可能是更好的翻译，因此作了替换。下文同此。Keywords: Chennai, degrowth, everyday life, Metro
Manila, parks, urban commons
关键词：金奈, 反增长至上, 日常生活, 马尼拉大都会, 公园, 城市共享资源原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221148386
Degrowth is coming to
town: What can it learn from critical perspectives on urban transport?
“反增长至上”即将到来——它可以从城市交通的批判性观点中学到什么？
Wojciech Kębłowski（比利时布鲁塞尔自由大学）首次出版时间：2023/2/16｜研究论文
Abstract: Degrowth offers a particularly
trans-disciplinary and robust critique of growth-driven configurations of
space, society and economy. However, its proponents are yet to seriously engage
with urban environments by clearly outlining how, where, for whom and under
what conditions the principles of degrowth could be applied in urban contexts.
In this article, I focus on transport as a vehicle for understanding and
addressing this challenge, thus contributing to the broader agenda of
spatialising and urbanising degrowth. I turn to the specific case of ‘fare-free
public transport’ (FFPT), a policy that exists in full form in nearly 300
localities worldwide. By referring to empirical material collected in FFPT
programmes in Aubagne (France), Tallinn (Estonia) and Chengdu (China), I show
that fare abolition can act as a policy that contradicts many principles of
growth-driven capitalism by advancing an agenda of inter- and intra-municipal
solidarity, working towards socio-spatial justice. Consequently, I demonstrate
that when analysing and planning urban transport, degrowth may well build on
diverse ‘critical’ perspectives on transport to engage head-on with explicitly
political–economic questions underpinning urban agendas, thus avoiding joining
the glossary of de-politicised and technocratic notions, and disregarding the
socio-economic, political and spatial complexity of the urban. In this way, the
article contributes to ongoing reflections about the role of urbanisation in
the degrowth debate.摘要：“反增长至上”对以增长为驱动的空间、社会和经济配置提出了跨学科的、有力的批评。然而，“反增长至上”的倡导者尚未认真地参与城市环境治理，他们没有明确提出如何、在何处、为谁以及在什么条件下将“反增长至上”原则应用于城市情境。在这篇论文中，我们重点关注交通，将其作为理解和应对这一挑战的工具，从而为更广泛的空间化和城市化“反增长至上”议程做出贡献。我们将“免费公共交通”（FFPT）作为具体案例。全球有近 300 个地区发布了完整的免费公共交通政策。我们收集了欧巴涅（法国）、塔林（爱沙尼亚）和成都（中国）的FFPT计划相关的实证材料，这些材料表明取消交通费可推进各地区之间以及地区内的团结议程，是一项与许多以增长为驱动的资本主义原则相矛盾的政策，有助于实现社会空间正义。因此，我们证明，在分析和规划城市交通时，“反增长至上”也许应基于关于交通的不同批判性观点，直面构成城市议程基础的明确的政治经济问题，从而避免成为去政治化和技术官僚主义的概念，忽视了城市的社会经济、政治和空间复杂性。通过这种方式，本文有助于持续反思城市化在“反增长至上”争论中所处的角色。Keywords: degrowth, fare-free public transport,
mobility, transport, urban policy
关键词：反增长至上, 免费公共交通, 流动性, 交通, 城市政策原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221149825
Private urbanism and the spatial rationalities of
urban governance
城市私有化与城市治理的空间合理性
Austin Dziwornu Ablo（加纳大学）首次出版时间：2022/8/28｜研究论文
Abstract: Many
cities across Africa are characterised by poor planning, housing deficit, waste
management challenges and land-use conflicts. Government efforts to address
these challenges remain inadequate, with increased private sector participation
in urban governance which in recent times has taken the form of privatised
cities. Deploying governmentality – the distributed and subjectified statehood
– as an analytical frame, and with data produced through interviews,
observation and review of various documents, this article analyses spatial
rationalities of private city development in Ghana. Rationalities are viewed as
drawing boundaries and producing order to foster correct comportments in
analysing the logic underlying actors’ approach to private city development.
For the state, private city projects provide a quick fix to the urban planning
and governance challenges by providing critical infrastructure and development
control. Investors view private city developments as profitable ventures that
offer the so-called ‘ideal cities’ that can respond to urban governance
challenges. The discourses regarding privatised cities are focused on
technocratic notions such as tenure security, development control and service
delivery. It is, however, argued that the focus, target and strategies of
privatised cities are piecemeal and limited in scope and cannot address the
urban governance challenges confronting African cities.摘要：许多非洲城市的特点是规划不善、住房短缺、废物管理举步维艰和土地使用冲突。政府应对这些挑战的努力仍然不足，而私营部门越来越多地参与城市治理，近来出现了城市私有化开发的形式。本文以治理方式（政府的分散性和主体性）为分析框架，通过采访、观察和查阅各种文件产生的数据，分析了加纳市私有化开发的空间理性。在分析行动者关于城市私有化开发时所采用的逻辑基础时，研究认为理性的作用是划定界限并产生秩序，以开展正确的行动。对于政府而言，城市私有化开发项目通过提供关键的基础设施和发展控制，为城市规划和治理所遇到的挑战提供快速解决方案。投资者认为城市私有化开发是有利可图的，实现了能够应对城市治理挑战的所谓“理想城市”。关于城市私有化开发的讨论主要集中于使用权保障、发展控制和服务交付等“技术统治论”概念。然而，我们认为城市私有化开发的重点、目标和战略是碎片化的且范围受限，无法解决非洲城市面临的城市治理挑战。Keywords: Accra, Ghana, governmentality, private
cities, spatial rationality, urban governance
关键词：阿克拉, 加纳, 治理, 私有化城市, 空间理性, 城市治理
原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221110692
Rescaling of the land regime in the making of
city-regions: A case study of China’s Pearl River Delta
城市区域建设过程中的土地体制尺度重构——以中国珠江三角洲为例
首次出版时间：2022/7/19｜研究论文
Abstract: Ubiquitous in fast-urbanising China,
land-driven urban growth is increasingly inter-urban in nature – a trend that
is underexplored in the literature. Grounded in a conceptual framework
concerning the rescaling of the land regime, this study probes the unfolding
land development processes of city-regionalism. Key findings of an examination
of the Shenzhen–Shanwei Special Cooperation Zone in the Pearl River Delta are
as follows: land regime rescaling is an emergent driving force for city-region
making in China; the rescaled land regime centres on uneven capacities among
the states of cooperating cities and benefit sharing (immediate land-related
profit and potential long-term profit); provincial government engagement is
fundamental to legitimatising this contested process; the rescaled land regime
has been orchestrated by state interests in land development, rather than
business interests released by marketisation, spawning a ‘stretching’ state
territoriality of the central city. This article furthers the field’s
understanding of a ‘world of city-regionalisms’ through a situated account of
emerging city-regionalism characterised by land development in the Chinese
context.摘要：土地驱动的城市增长在快速城市化的中国无处不在，其越来越具有跨城市的性质，但这一趋势在文献中未被充分研究。本研究立足于土地体制尺度重构这一概念框架，探讨城市区域化的土地开发过程。对珠江三角洲深汕特别合作区考察的主要发现如下：土地体制尺度重构是中国城市区域建设的新兴动力；土地体制尺度重构的重点是合作城市的政府之间的能力不平衡和利益分享（与土地相关的直接利润和潜在的长期利润）；省级政府的参与对于使这一有争议的过程合法化至关重要；土地体制尺度重构是由政府在土地开发方面的利益而不是由市场化释放的商业利益所策划的，其酿成了中心城市政府领域的“延伸”。本文通过对中国背景下以土地开发为特征的新兴城市—区域化的情境化描述，进一步加深了该领域对“城市—区域化世界”的理解。Keywords: city-regionalism, land regime, Pearl River
Delta, provincial government, regional cooperation
关键词：城市区域化, 土地体制，珠三角, 省级政府, 区域合作原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221101781
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