为了更好地传播知识，推动期刊国际合作，本刊与《城市研究》（Urban Studies）杂志达成网络合作，不定期推送友刊的精选文章摘要。读者们可以借此了解国际城市研究的新动向，同时学习城市研究领域学术英文的正规表达。欢迎大家批评指正。Writing the Latin American city: Trajectories of urban scholarshipAbstract : Scholarship on urban Latin America is prolific and
multifaceted. The region not only is the most urbanisedin the world but also the most unequal. This distinctive feature makes it rich
and relevant for urban theory-making. This essay introduces a Virtual Special
Issue (VSI) on urban studies in Latin America that showcases a selection of
articles from the journal’s archives from the mid-1970s to the present. It aims
to locate urban studies scholarship in/about the region in the context of democratisation struggles and their urban
implications. On the one hand, it traces the intellectual trajectories of some
key urban debates bringing attention to their disciplinary, methodological and
theoretical underpinnings. The VSI identifies four well-established strands:
(1) Disputes around local governance; (2) Anatomy of uneven urbanisation; (3) Housing provision landscapes and
infrastructural assemblages; and (4) Economic geographies and variegated gentrifications. On the other hand, it delineates a
broad picture of the emergent debates and thematic, methodological and
geographical absences in the pages of this journal. Through this analysis, the
editorial concludes by identifying some potentially productive future
directions for research.
摘要：关于拉丁美洲城市的学术研究丰富多样。该地区不仅是世界上城市化程度最高的地区，也是最不平等的地区。这一显著特点使得拉丁美洲在城市理论制定方面具有丰富的现实意义。本文介绍了关于拉丁美洲城市研究的一份虚拟特刊（VSI: Virtual
Special Issue），并展示了从1970年代中期至今此份特刊中的精选文章。该特刊旨在将拉丁美洲地区的城市学术研究置于民主化斗争及其城市影响的背景之下。一方面，它追溯了一些关键城市辩论的思想轨迹，并关注其学科、方法论和理论基础。该虚拟特刊指出了四个已经确立且较为成熟的研究领域：（1）地方治理纷争；（2）不均衡的城市化；（3）住房供给图景和基础设施组合；及（4）经济地理和多种多样的绅士化。另一方面，它对特刊中出现的争论以及主题、方法论和地理学上的空白进行了概括。通过上述分析，论文最后指出了一些潜在的富有成效的未来研究方向。Keywords: Latin America, urban governance, urbanisation,
urban planning, urban theory
关键词：拉丁美洲，城市治理，城市化，城市规划，城市理论
原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980231184037The heterogeneous impacts of widespread upzoning:
Lessons from Auckland, New ZealandKa Shing Cheung（新西兰奥克兰大学）
Paavo Monkkonen（美国加州大学洛杉矶分校）
Chung Yim Yiu（新西兰奥克兰大学）
首次出版时间：2023/07/30｜研究论文
Abstract: Zoning reform is increasingly recognisedas an important strategy to increase housing affordability and environmental
sustainability. Few cities have undertaken significant upzoning of low-density neighbourhoods, making the 2016
Auckland Unitary Plan (AUP) probably the most ambitious zoning reform in the
world. Parcels zoned for single houses previously dominated Auckland, but
three-quarters of them now allow multiple units. Existing studies have
documented the building boom that followed this zoning reform, yet the
relatively rare case offers additional insights. In this article, we use appraisal,
census and zoning data on over 200,000 parcels in Auckland to answer three
research questions about the heterogeneous impacts of the AUP. First, to what
extent did upzoning increase the appraised value
of properties’ redevelopment options? Second, did upzoningincrease appraised property values to a greater degree in higher-income and
more centrally located neighbourhoods? Finally,
was zoning reform in Auckland significantly influenced by similar political
pressures as in other countries? That is, was upzoningless likely (and downzoning more likely) in
higher-income neighbourhoods? The answers to
these three questions are substantially, it’s complicated, and yes.摘要：人们日益认识到，分区改革是提高住房可负担性和环境可持续性的重要战略。很少有城市对低密度街区进行重大升级分区，因此2016年的“奥克兰统一规划”可能是世界上最雄心勃勒的分区改革。以前，奥克兰的地块多为独栋住宅用地，但现在，其中3/4的地块都允许建造多个单元。现有研究记录了这一分区改革后的建筑热潮，然而这一相对罕见的案例可以为我们提供更多的启示。在本文中，笔者利用奥克兰20多万个地块的评估、人口普查和分区数据，研究并回答了“奥克兰统一规划”这一分区改革产生不同影响的三个问题。首先，升级分区在多大程度上提高了房产重建方案的评估价值？其次，在收入较高、位置较中心的街区，分区是否在更大程度上提高了房产评估价值？最后，奥克兰的分区改革是否与其他国家一样，很大程度上受到如政治压力的影响？也就是说，在收入较高的街区，是不是升级分区的可能性较小（而降低分区的可能性较大）呢？这三个问题的答案分别是“很大程度上”“很复杂”和“是的”。Keywords: house prices, land use regulations, neighbourhood
effects, political economy, redevelopment option, upzoning关键词：房价，土地使用法规，邻里效应，政治经济学，重建方案，升级分区
原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980231190281
What might working from home mean for the geography of work and
commuting in the Greater Golden Horseshoe, Canada?居家办公对于加拿大大金马蹄地区的工作位置和通勤意味着什么？Matthias Sweet（加拿大多伦多都会大学）
Darren M Scott（加拿大麦克马斯特大学）
首次出版时间：2023/08/07｜研究论文
Abstract: The Covid-19 pandemic has
highlighted the precarity of urban society,
illustrating both opportunities and challenges. Teleworkingrates increased dramatically during the pandemic and may be sustained over the
long term. For transportation planners, these changes belie the broader
questions of how the geography of work and commuting will change based on
pandemic-induced shifts in teleworking and what
this will mean for society and policymaking. This study focuses on these
questions by using survey data (n = 2580) gathered in the autumn of 2021 to
explore the geography of current and prospective telework.
The study focuses on the Greater Golden Horseshoe, the mega-region in Southern
Ontario, representing a fifth of Canadians. Survey data document telework practices before and during the pandemic,
including prospective future telework practices.
Inferential models are used to develop working-from-home scenarios which are
allocated spatially based on respondents’ locations of work and residence.
Findings indicate that telework appears to be
poised to increase most relative to pre-pandemic levels around downtown Toronto
based on locations of work, but increases in teleworkingare more dispersed based on employees’ locations of residence. Contrary to
expectations by many, teleworking is not
significantly linked to home–work disconnect – suggesting that telework is poised to weaken the commute–housing
trade-off embedded in bid rent theory. Together, these results portend a poor
outlook for downtown urban agglomeration economies but also more nuanced
impacts than simply inducing sprawl.摘要：新冠疫情凸显了城市社会的不稳定性，表明了机遇与挑战并存。在新冠疫情期间，远程工作率急剧上升，并可能长期保持下去。对于交通规划者来说，这些变化掩盖了更广泛的问题，包括：疫情引起的远程办公的转变；工作的地理位置和通勤会如何变化；以及这对社会和政策制定将意味着什么。本研究利用2021年秋季收集的调查数据（n=2580），重点考察了以上问题，以探索当前和未来远程工作的地理分布情况。本文重点研究了加拿大安大略省南部的特大地区——大金马蹄地区（Greater
Golden Horseshoe），该地区的人口占加拿大总人口的1/5。调查数据记录了新冠疫情之前和期间的远程工作实践，包括预期的未来远程工作实践。推理模型用于制定在家办公方案，并根据受访者的工作地点和居住地点进行空间分配。研究结果表明，与新冠疫情前相比：从工作地点来看，多伦多市中心附近的远程工作似乎增加最多；但从员工的居住地点来看，远程工作的增加较为分散。与许多人的预期相反，远程办公与家与工作脱离之间的关系并不显著——这表明远程办公有望削弱竞租理论中的通勤与住房权衡。总之，这些结果预示着市中心城市集聚经济的前景不容乐观，但是远程办公可能会带来更微妙的影响而不仅仅是导致无序扩张。Keywords: commuting, downtown, telework,
urban geography, working from home关键词：通勤，市中心，远程办公，城市地理，居家办公
原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980231186499Reimagining Urban Living Labs: Enter the Urban Drama LabCecilie Sachs Olsen（挪威奥斯陆城市大学）Merlijn Van Hulst（荷兰蒂尔堡大学）
首次出版时间：2023/08/02｜研究论文Abstract: In this paper we introduce the Urban Drama Lab as a new manifestation
of Urban Living Labs. We expand current debates concerning Urban Living Labs by
contrasting and comparing them with knowledge and practices developed in the
field of theatre and performance. This enables us to scrutinisethe ways in which stakeholders, issues and interests are represented and, in
extension, performed in Urban Living Labs. We argue that this is important for
two reasons: (1) because the current focus of Urban Living Labs on offering a
real-world testing ground for urban experimentation constitutes a specific way
of representing and performing stakeholders, issues, and interests, but that
(2) questions of representation are seldom explicitly addressed because Urban
Living Labs are seen to offer direct access to the real-world in a presumably
‘neutral’ setting. The Urban Drama Lab foregroundsthat Urban Living Labs can never be neutral and free from structures of power
but that they can set up a frame in which these structures can be scrutinised, assessed and possibly remodelled and rearranged. We conclude that the Urban
Drama Lab might enable a fuller understanding of how the Urban Living Lab may
address not only complex urban challenges, but also how it might also engage
better with the power relations, contestations,
conflicts and politics that are often at the core of these challenges.
摘要：在本文中，我们介绍了作为城市生活实验室新表现形式的城市戏剧实验室。我们将城市生活实验室与戏剧和表演领域的知识和实践进行对照和比较，从而扩展当前有关城市生活实验室的讨论。这让我们能够对城市生活实验室中利益相关者、问题和利益乃至表现方式进行审视。我们认为这一点很重要，原因有二：一是因为城市生活实验室目前关注的重点是为城市实验提供一个真实世界的试验场，这构成了代表和表现利益相关者、问题和利益的一种特定方式；二是由于城市生活实验室被认为是在一个假定的“中立”环境中提供直接接触真实世界的机会，因此很少明确地讨论代表性问题。城市戏剧实验室强调，城市生活实验室永远不可能是中立的，也不可能摆脱权力结构，但他们可以建立一个框架，在这个框架中，这些结构可以被细致审视、评估，并可能被重塑和重新安排。我们的结论是，城市戏剧实验室也许可以让我们更全面地了解城市生活实验室如何应对复杂的城市挑战，以及如何更好地处理权力关系、质疑、冲突和政治，这些往往是这些挑战的核心问题。Keywords: applied theatre, conflict, experimentation, transformation, Urban
Living Labs
关键词：应用剧场，冲突，实验，转型，城市生活实验室
原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980231187771
Urban Studies 文章精选(202-207）
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