斯皮尔伯格哈佛毕业演讲中文首发：听从内心，追随直觉

史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格，美国著名电影导演、编剧电影制作人、慈善家。斯皮尔伯格曾经三次荣获奥斯卡奖，并且是有史以来电影总票房最高的导演，他有三部电影包括《大白鲨》 、《E.T.外星人》与《侏罗纪公园》。

2016年5月26日，哈佛大学第365个毕业典礼日，斯皮尔伯格发表演讲。

英文演讲独家翻译：笔记侠 钟子涵  深度好文：6320字 | 7分钟阅读

https://v.qq.com/txp/iframe/player.html?vid=e03025vsufa&width=500&height=375&auto=0

全网完整版翻译首发

非常感谢Faust校长、Paul Choi校长 谢谢你们。非常荣幸能被邀请成为哈佛2016年毕业典礼的演讲嘉宾，在众位优秀的毕业生、热情的朋友和诸位家长前做演讲。今天让我们一起，祝贺2016届哈佛毕业生顺利毕业。

我清楚记得自己的毕业典礼，因为它仅发生在14年前。你们有多少人花了37年毕业的？像你们大多数一样，我也是十几岁时开始上大学，但是我大二时获得了好莱坞环球影城的理想工作机会，所以我辍学了。我告诉我父母，如果我的电影事业发展的不顺利，我会重新入学。

但我的电影事业一切进展顺利。

最后，我因为意义重大的原因重新回到学校。大多数人上学是为了教育，有人为了父母，但我是为了我的孩子。我是七个孩子的父亲，一直强调上大学的重要性，但我却没有上完大学。所以，在我50岁时，我重新回到加州州立大学长滩分校就读，并且获得学位。

另外补充一点：因为我拍摄的三部《侏罗纪公园》，古生物学课给了我学分，非常感谢。

《侏罗纪公园》剧照

当然，我选择辍学是因为我清楚地知道我想做什么。你们当中有些人或许清楚地知道自己想做什么，有些人却并不知道。也许你曾经认为知道了自己想做什么，但现在却在质疑你自己的选择。也许你们正坐在这里，试图找到方法说服自己的父母，你想成为一名医生而不是喜剧作家。

你们接下来选择做的事情，在电影里我们称作为“角色定义时刻”（characterdefining moment)。有些时刻场景你们非常熟悉，比如《星球大战：原力觉醒》里，Rey意识到身体里的原力，或者是《夺宝奇兵》里印第安那·琼斯战胜恐惧自愿送入“蛇口”。

一部两个小时的电影里，你会看到很多角色定义时刻，但是现实生活中，你每天都会遇到。人生是一系列强有力的“角色定义时刻”。我很幸运18岁的时候就清楚自己想要做什么，但我却不清楚“我是谁”。

怎么会呢？我们怎么会不知道自己是谁呢？

因为我们25岁之前，一直都在听取别人的声音，家长、老师向我们灌输智慧和信息，领导、导师以他们的角度告诉我们世界如何运转。

通常这些“声音”有权威性而且奏效，但有时怀疑会涌进我们的内心，尤其是当我们独立思考、发现这与我们的世界观并不一致时。一段时间内我们是可以允许自己压抑自己的想法、与这些矛盾共存的，允许它们定义我们自己的性格，就像哈利·尼尔森唱的“每个人都在议论我，所以我听不到自己内心”。

起初，我需要听取的内心声音几乎不可闻，很难被注意到，就像我高中时期一样。但一旦我开始留意内心所想，直觉就会降临。

我想大家需要明确一点：直觉并不同于意识。它们通常同时运作，但是有一点不同的是：你的意识会告诉你“这是你应该做的”，然而直觉会悄悄说“这是你能做的”。听从那个告诉你能做什么的声音，没有什么比它更能定义你的角色。

因为我一旦会听从我的直觉，我就会全力投入到一些项目中去，而放弃其它。

直到19世纪80年代时，我电影中的大多数，我猜你们可以称之为“逃避现实”。我不会拒绝任何这些电影的邀约，不只是《1941》。不止那一部，很多早期电影反映了我当时内心的价值观，如今我仍然在这样做。但我当时处于自己的电影泡沫中，因为我的辍学，我受限的世界观部分来自于我的想象，而不是外界教会我的。

《紫色》剧照

当我执导电影《紫色》时，这部电影开拓了我的眼界，印象颇为深刻。这个故事充满了深刻的痛苦和真理，就像当时Shug Avery说的，“一切都需要被爱”。我的本能直觉告诉我，这些富有灵感的电影人物应当被更多人所知道。通过制作那个电影，我认识到了制作电影可以是一个使命。

我希望你们每个人都要有使命感。不要逃避使命感所带来的一切风险和挑战，尝试它、检验它、挑战它。

我的任务是制作至少改变世界两小时的电影。你们的任务是要永久地改变世界，你们是未来的希望，勇敢的创新者、开拓者、领导者和执行者。

你们开启光明未来的方法是学习历史。《侏罗纪公园》的编剧Michael Crichton，毕业于哈佛医学院，经常引用他最喜欢的一位教授说过的话“如果你不懂历史，你就一无所知。”就如同你是一片树叶却不自知作为树木一部分的角色。所以历史专业的学生们，从历史和文化的角度来讲，你们做了很棒的选择，虽然工作上并没有明显优势。

我们剩下的人就需要多做出些努力。社会化媒介的使命是诠释现在和未来，但是我不断在挑战让我的孩子们能够多花一些时间了解背后的故事，去探究真正发生了什么。因为弄懂自己是谁就是探究父母是谁，了解他们祖父母是谁。透过祖父母就知道他们移民过来时这个国家是什么样子。因为美国是一个移民国家，过去和现在都是。

所以对我来说，这意味着我们每个人都有自己的故事可讲，有很多故事可讲。如果可以的话，和你的父母、祖父母聊聊天，听听他们的故事。我保证，就像我向我的孩子保证的一样，一定收获颇丰，绝对不会无聊。

这是我为什么总是基于现实生活制作电影。我阅读历史，并不是为了说教，这只是额外好处，而是因为历史充满着你不会经历过的最伟大的故事。英雄与恶棍都不是文学中的构想，他们是所有历史的核心。

这也是为什么听从内心如此重要的原因。这也是迫使林肯和辛德勒做出正确的道德选择的原因。在你的定义时刻里，不要让道德心因为利己左右摇摆。坚持自我需要勇气，而勇敢需要背后很多人的支持。

如果你足够幸运，你会有像我父母一样开明的父母。我把母亲看做我的幸运女神。12岁时，我父亲给了我一个电影摄像机，也是因为有了这个，我可以更好地去感知这个世界，我很感谢我的父亲。现在我很感激父亲也来到哈佛，坐在这里。

我父亲今年99岁了，只比怀德纳图书馆（哈佛最大的图书馆今年100年）年轻1岁，但不像这个图书馆可以翻新，父亲已垂垂老矣。另外，父亲，在你身后有一位99岁的女士，这个之后我会介绍给她，好吗？

虽然你的家人并不能到场，但他们始终在背后支持你。《美好人生》结尾时，Clarence在书上写下了这样的话：只要你还拥有朋友，你的人生就不是失败的。希望你们毕业之后能继续保持在哈佛结下的友谊，并从中收获能与之分享生活的人。

斯皮尔伯格与妻子

我猜想你们之中的一些人多少会有一点激愤，并不想优柔寡断。我很赞成，我一直在强调直觉的重要性，而它也应当成为你生活中最重要的声音，直到你遇见一生挚爱。当我遇见Kate和她结婚时，我体会到了这一点，这也成为我生命中最重要的“角色定义时刻”。

爱、支持、勇气、直觉，所有这些东西都是成为英雄需要的，但是成为英雄还需要一样东西：战胜恶棍。你们都是幸运的，这个世界有很多“怪兽”，比如种族歧视、对同性恋的歧视、阶级仇恨、政治仇恨、宗教仇恨等。

当我还是孩子时，因为犹太血统我曾经被欺凌。这很令人苦恼，但是比起我父母和祖父母面对的局面，这个轻多了。我们真的相信反犹太主义正在消逝，但我们错了。过去两年间，将近20000犹太人离开欧洲寻找更好的生存之地。今年早期时候，奥巴马总统讲述这个可悲的事实时，我身在以色列大使馆。他说：“我们必须直面这个事实，反犹太主义再度高涨，我们不能否认这个事实”。

面对这个事实，我遵从内心，1994年创立了纳粹屠犹研究基金会USC Shoah Foundation。自从那时候，我们和63个国家53000位大屠杀幸存者和经历者交谈，制作视频证据材料。现在我们在收集来自卢旺达、柬埔寨、亚美尼亚、南京种族灭绝中的证据材料。因为我们永远不会忘记这场难以置信的屠杀行动，但它却频繁发生。这些暴行现在仍然在发生。我们不禁疑问“这样的仇恨什么时候停止？”更会好奇“它到底是怎么发生的？”

现在，我不得不告诉Red Sox的粉丝，我们厌烦部落主义。除了为主队加油外，部落主义也有其黑暗的一面。由于基因，我们把世界分为“我们”和“他们”。因此，目前亟待解决的问题是：我们如何团结起来寻找所谓的“我们”？我们如何做这件事？这仍需要我们做更多努力做更多工作，有时我感觉这项工作甚至从未开始。不仅是反犹太主义正在高涨，伊斯兰恐惧也正在高涨。被歧视的任何人没有区别，都是因为“仇恨”，无论是穆斯林、犹太人、边境的少数民族还是同性恋群体。

于我而言，对你们而言，摆脱更多仇恨的唯一答案就是拥有更多人性。我们必须用好奇心代替恐惧。“我们”和“他们”，我们要通过与每个人建立联系，来找到“我们”。相信我们是同一部落的成员，与每一个灵魂感同身受，即便是隔壁耶鲁大学的学生。（我的儿子毕业于耶鲁大学，谢谢。）

但同情心不只是应该停留在感性层面，而应将其付诸实践，比如选举、和平的抗议，为那些不能畅所欲言或者有困难的人辩护与高呼。如果你热衷帮助他人，请遵从你的内心，竭尽所能。

如果说到帮助他人的行为，你不妨看看好莱坞那个有价值的纪念教堂。它的南墙以哈佛校友会命名，以二战牺牲生命的学生、校职员工们，总共697条生命。他们曾经站立于你们现在站立的地方，却已经离我们而去。1945年，这个教堂开始使用时，哈佛的James Conant校长赋予这些勇敢的人们以荣誉，呼吁大家学习他们这种事迹，将他们的伟大功绩发扬光大。

70年后，这些话仍然适用。因为他们的牺牲并不是一代人能偿还的简单债务。每一代人都必须学会感激。就像我们不能忘记那些暴行一样，我们也不能忘记那些为自由抗争的人士。因此当你离开校园进入社会时，请继续保持发扬的精神，向他们学习，就像《拯救大兵瑞恩》里说的，“不要辜负你的生命”。

请保持联系，不要忽视眼神交流。

可能这并不是你希望从创造了媒体的人，身上听到的道理，但现在我们花费大量时间在手机上，而不是看身边的人。所以，从现在开始，在座的各位，请与你周边的人身边任何人对视几秒钟。他们也许站在你身后，也许隔着几排人，眼神交流即可。你现在感受到的就是我们要分享的博爱精神，即便混合着一点点社会不安。

即便你不记得今天的任何东西，我希望你能记住此刻的交流。你们所有人过去四年发生了很多故事，即将开启新的人生，你们今天站立的地方，下一代人也会站立在这。我在我的电影里想象过很多种未来的可能性，但你们将决定真正的未来，我希望那将是正义和和平。

最后，我希望你们都能有一个“真正的，好莱坞式的欢乐大结局”。我希望你们能跑赢T.rex恐龙，能抓到罪犯。另外，考虑到你们的父母，时不时地象E.T. 一样，回家看看！

谢谢大家！

 以下是完整英文版：

Thank you, thank you, President Faust, and Paul Choi,thank you so much.

It’s an honor and a thrill to address this group of distinguished alumni and supportive friends and kvelling parents. We’ve all gathered to share in the joy of this day, so please join me in congratulating Harvard’s Class of 2016.

I can remember my own college graduation, which is easy, since it was only 14 years ago. How many of you took 37 years to graduate? Because, like most of you, I began college in my teens, but sophomore year, I was offered my dream job at Universal Studios, so I dropped out. I told my parents if my movie career didn’t go well, I’d re-enroll.

It went all right.

But eventually, I returned for one big reason. Most people go to college for an education, and some go for their parents, but I went for my kids. I’m the father of seven, and I kept insisting on the importance of going to college, but I hadn’t walked the walk. 

So, in my fifties, I re-enrolled at Cal State- Long Beach, and I earned my degree.

I just have to add: It helped that they gave me course credit in paleontology for the work I did on Jurassic Park. That’s three units forJurassic Park, thank you.

Well I left college because I knew exactly what I wanted to do, and some of you know, too - but some of you don’t. Or maybe you thought you knew but are now questioning that choice. Maybe you’re sitting there trying to figure out how to tell your parents that you want to be a doctor and not a comedy writer.

Well, what you choose to do next is what we call in the movies the ‘character-defining moment.’ Now, these are moments you’re very familiar with, like in the last Star Wars: The Force Awakens, when Rey realizes the force is with her. Or Indiana Jones choosing mission over fear by jumping over a pile of snakes.

Now in a two-hour movie, you get a handful of character-defining moments, but in real life, you face them every day. Life is one strong, long string of character-defining moments. And I was lucky that at 18 I knew what I exactly wanted to do. But I didn’t know who I was. How could I? And how could any of us? Because for the first 25 years of our lives, we are trained to listen to voices that are not our own. Parents and professors fill our heads with wisdom and information, and then employers and mentors take their place and explain how this world really works.

And usually these voices of authority make sense, but sometimes, doubt starts to creep into our heads and into our hearts. And even when we think, ‘that’s not quite how I see the world,’ it’s kind of easier to just to nod in agreement and go along, and for a while, I let that going along define my character. Because I was repressing my own point of view, because like in that Nilsson song, ‘Everybody was talkingat me, so I couldn’t hear the echoes of my mind.’

And at first, the internal voice I needed to listen to was hardly audible, and it was hardly noticeable --kind of like me in high school. But then I started paying more attention, and my intuition kicked in.

And I want to be clear that your intuition is different from your conscience. They work in tandem, but here’s the distinction: Your conscience shouts, ‘here’s what you should do,’ while your intuition whispers, ‘here’s what you could do.’ Listen to that voice that tells you what you could do. Nothing will define your character more than that.

Because once I turned to my intuition, and I tuned into it, certain projects began to pull me into them, and others, I turned away from.

And up until the 1980s, my movies were mostly, I guess what you could call ‘escapist.’ And I don’t dismiss any of these movies --not even 1941. Not even that one. And many of these early films reflected the values that I cared deeply about, and I still do. But I was in a celluloid bubble, because I’d cut my education short, my worldview was limited to what I could dream up in my head, not what the world could teach me.

But then I directed The Color Purple. And this one film opened my eyes to experiences that I never could have imagined, and yet were all too real. This story was filled with deep pain and deeper truths, like when Shug Avery says, ‘Everything wants to be loved.’ My gut, which was my intuition, told me that more people needed to meet these characters and experience these truths. And while making that film, I realized that a movie could also be a mission.

I hope all of you find that sense of mission. Don’t turn away from what’s painful. Examine it. Challenge it.

My job is to create a world that lasts two hours. Your job is to create a world that lasts forever. You are the future innovators, motivators, leaders and caretakers.

And the way you create a better future is by studying the past. Jurassic Park writer Michael Crichton, who graduated from both this college and this medical school, liked to quote a favorite professor of his who said that if you didn’t know history, you didn’t know anything. You were a leaf that didn’t know it was part of a tree. So history majors: Good choice, you’re in great shape...Not in the job market, but culturally.

The rest of us have to make a little effort. Social media that we’re inundated and swarmed with is about the here and now. But I’ve been fighting and fighting inside my own family to get all my kids to look behind them, to look at what already has happened. Because to understand who they are is to understand who were[A8]  were, and who their grandparents were, and then, what this country was like when they emigrated here. We are a nation of immigrants -- at least for now.

So to me, this means we all have to tell our own stories. We have so many stories to tell. Talk to your parents and your grandparents, if you can, and ask them about their stories. And I promise you, like I have promised my kids, you will not be bored.

And that’s why I so often make movies based on real-life events. I look to history not to be didactic, ‘cause that’s just a bonus, but I look because the past is filled with the greatest stories that have ever been told. Heroes and villains are not literary constructs, but they’re at the heart of all history.

And again, this is why it’s so important to listen to your internal whisper. It’s the same one that compelled Abraham Lincoln and Oskar Schindler to make the correct moral choices. In your defining moments, do not let your morals be swayed by convenience or expediency. Sticking to your character requires a lot of courage. And to be courageous, you’re going to need a lot of support.

And if you’re lucky, you have parents like mine. I consider my mom my lucky charm. And when I was 12 years old, my father handed me a movie camera, the tool that allowed me to make sense of this world. And I am so grateful to him for that. And I am grateful that he’s here at Harvard, sitting right down there.

My dad is 99 years old, which means he’s only one year younger than Widener Library. But unlike Widener, he’s had zero cosmetic work. And dad, there’s a lady behind you, also 99, and I’ll introduce you after this is over, okay?

But look, if your family’s not always available, there’s backup. Near the end of It’s a Wonderful Life -- you remember that movie, It’s a Wonderful Life? Clarence the Angel inscribes a book with this: “No man is a failure who has friends.” And I hope you hang on to the friendships you’ve made here at Harvard. And among your friends, I hope you find someone you want to share your life with. I imagine some of you in this yard may be a tad cynical, but I want to be unapologetically sentimental. I spoke about the importance of intuition and how there’s no greater voice to follow. That is, until you meet the love of your life. And this is what happened when I met and married Kate, and that became the greatest character-defining moment of my life.

Love, support, courage, intuition. All of these things are in your hero’s quiver, but still, a hero needs one more thing: A hero needs a villain to vanquish. And you’re all in luck. This world is full of monsters. And there’s racism, homophobia, ethnic hatred, class hatred, there’s political hatred, and there’s religious hatred.

As a kid, I was bullied -- for being Jewish. This was upsetting, but compared to what my parents and grandparents had faced, it felt tame. Because we truly believed that anti-Semitism was fading. And we were wrong. Over the last two years, nearly 20,000 Jews have left Europe to find higher ground. And earlier this year, I was at the Israeli embassy when President Obama stated the sad truth. He said: ‘We must confront the reality that around the world, anti-Semitism is on the rise. We cannot deny it.’

My own desire to confront that reality compelled me to start, in 1994, the Shoah Foundation. And since then, we’ve spoken to over 53,000 Holocaust survivors and witnesses in 63 countries and taken all their video testimonies. And we’re now gathering testimonies from genocides in Rwanda, Cambodia, Armenia and Nanking. Because we must never forget that the inconceivable doesn’t happen -- it happens frequently. Atrocities are happening right now. And so we wonder not just, ‘When will this hatred end?’ but, ‘How did it begin?’

Now, I don’t have to tell a crowd of Red Sox fans that we are wired for tribalism. But beyond rooting for the home team, tribalism has a much darker side. Instinctively and maybe even genetically, we divide the world into ‘us’ and ‘them.’ So the burning question must be: How do all of us together find the ‘we?’ How do we do that? There’s still so much work to be done, and sometimes I feel the work hasn’t even begun. And it’s not just anti-Semitism that’s surging -- Islamophobia’s on the rise, too. Because there’s no difference between anyone who is discriminated against, whether it’s the Muslims, or the Jews, or minorities on the border states, or the LGBT community -- it is all big one hate.

And to me, and, I think, to all of you, the only answer to more hate is more humanity. We gotta repair -- we have to replace fear with curiosity. ‘Us’ and ‘them’ -- we’ll find the ‘we’ by connecting with each other. And by believing that we’re members of the same tribe. And by feeling empathy for every soul -- even Yale’s.

My son graduated from Yale, thank you …

But make sure this empathy isn’t just something that you feel. Make it something you act upon. That means vote. Peaceably protest. Speak up for those who can’t and speak up for those who may be shouting but aren’t being hard. Let your conscience shout as loud as it wants if you’re using it in the service of others.

And as an example of action in service of others, you need to look no further than this Hollywood-worthy backdrop of Memorial Church. Its south wall bears the names of Harvard alumni -- like President Faust has already mentioned -- students and faculty members, who gave their lives in World War II. All told, 697 souls, who once tread the ground where stand now, were lost. And at a service in this church in late 1945, Harvard President James Conant -- which President Faust also mentioned -- honored the brave and called upon the community to ‘reflect the radiance of their deeds.’

Seventy years later, this message still holds true. Because their sacrifice is not a debt that can be repaid in a single generation. It must be repaid with every generation. Just as we must never forget the atrocities, we must never forget those who fought for freedom. So as you leave this college and head out into the world, continue please to ‘reflect the radiance of their deeds,’ or as Captain Miller in Saving Private Ryan would say, “Earn this.”

And please stay connected. Please never lose eye contact. This may not be a lesson you want to hear from a person who creates media, but we are spending more time looking down at our devices than we are looking in each other’s eyes. So, forgive me, but let’s start right now. Everyone here, please find someone’s eyes to look into. Students, and alumni and you too, President Faust, all of you, turn to someone you don’t know or don’t know very well. They may be standing behind you, or a couple of rows ahead. Just let your eyes meet. That’s it. That emotion you’re feeling is our shared humanity mixed in with a little social discomfort.

But, if you remember nothing else from today, I hope you remember this moment of human connection. And I hope you all had a lot of that over the past four years. Because today you start down the path of becoming the generation on which the next generation stands. And I’ve imagined many possible futures in my films, but you will determine the actual future. And I hope that it’s filled with justice and peace.

And finally, I wish you all a true, Hollywood-style happy ending. I hope you outrun the T. rex, catch the criminal and for your parents’ sake, maybe every now and then, just like E.T.: Go home. Thank you.

英文原稿地址：https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/276561

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