每周分子 | Molecule of the Week

Original ACS 美国化学会 ACS美国化学会 2022-07-01

收录于合集 #每周分子 110个

每周分子：螺旋内酯甾酮

Molecule of the Week: Spironolactone

螺旋内酯甾酮是一种甾体醛固酮阻滞剂。John a . Cella和Robert C. Tweit于1959年在G. D. Searle & Co.1(伊利诺斯州Skokie)最早报道了螺旋内酯甾酮。醛固酮是一种重要的皮质类固醇激素，它能在肾脏和其他器官中储存钠并调节血压，但是在治疗心力衰竭、高血压和其他疾病患者的积液时，必须对其进行抑制。

Cella和Tweit的文章是关于新型醛固酮阻滞剂系列的第二篇。在第一篇文章中，他们报道了在非口服给药时效果最好的化合物。螺旋内酯甾酮和类似化合物在口服时表现出更好的阻滞活性。

螺旋内酯甾酮被列入世界卫生组织的基本药物清单。时至今日，在美国每年这种药物被开出超过1000万次处方。然而，这种药物有许多副作用，包括高血钾、恶心、尿频和脱水。它还具有类似雌激素的作用，会降低男性的性欲。近年来，这种雌激素特性在变性女性激素治疗中非常有用。

螺旋内酯甾酮信息速览

CAS 登记号	52-01-7
SciFinder命名	Pregn-4-ene-21-carboxylic acid, 7-(acetylthio)-17-hydroxy-3-oxo-, γ-lactone, (7α,17α)-
分子式	C₂₄H₃₂O₄S
摩尔质量	416.57 g/mol
外观	白色至浅褐色结晶性粉末
熔点	134–135 ºC^a
水溶性	22 mg/L

螺旋内酯甾酮危害信息

GHS*分类：急性毒性，口服，分类4
H302-吞食有害
GHS*分类：生殖毒性，分类1B
H360-可能损害生育能力或胎儿

【关于每周分子】

自2001年以来，“每周分子”已成为广受欢迎的栏目。多数分子由读者推荐。每个结构都经由科学家审查，并以3-D和平面图像的形式显示，同时附有该分子简介。可以通过美国化学文摘社 (CAS) 提供的SciFinder中的CAS REGISTRY获取“每周分子”的更多信息。CAS REGISTRY中的每条物质信息都展示了物质的CAS登记号、索引名、通用名、商品名、书目信息等其他更多信息。发送邮件至motw@acs.org推荐您感兴趣的分子吧。

Spironolactone is a steroidal aldosterone blocker that was first reported in 1959 by John A. Cella and Robert C. Tweit at G. D. Searle & Co.1 (Skokie, IL). Aldosterone is an essential corticosteroid hormone that conserves sodium in the kidneys and other organs and regulates blood pressure. But it must be suppressed to treat fluid buildup in patients with heart failure, high blood pressure, and other conditions.

Cella and Tweit’s article was the second in a series on novel aldosterone blockers. In the first article, they reported compounds that worked best when administered parenterally. Spironolactone and similar compounds showed improved blocking activity when administered orally.

Spironolactone is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. To this day, it is prescribed more than ten million times a year in the United States. The drug, however, has numerous adverse side effects, including high blood potassium, nausea, frequent urination, and dehydration. It also has estrogen-like effects, which can decrease sex drive in men. In recent years, this estrogenic property has been useful in feminizing hormone therapy for transgender women.

Spironolactone fast facts

CAS Reg. No.	52-01-7
SciFinder nomenclature	Pregn-4-ene-21-carboxylic acid, 7-(acetylthio)-17-hydroxy-3-oxo-, γ-lactone, (7α,17α)-
Empirical formula	C₂₄H₃₂O₄S
Molar mass	416.57 g/mol
Appearance	White to light tan crystalline powder
Melting Point	134–135 ºC^a
Water solubility	22 mg/L

Spironolactone hazard information

Hazard class：Acute toxicity, oral, category 4
H302-Harmful if swallowed
Hazard class：Reproductive toxicity, category 1B
H360-May damage fertility or the unborn child

About Molecule of the Week

MOTW has been a popular feature on ACS website since 2001. Many molecules are suggested by our website visitors. Every structure is reviewed by a scientist and displayed in 3-D and flat images with a brief description. Each week’s molecule also links to a sample record from the CAS REGISTRY, which is searched using SciFinder. Each record displays the registry number, index name and synonyms, bibliographic information, and more. Send us a molecule suggestion at motw@acs.org.

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