抗癌药零关税，跟仿制药Say Goodbye
大家好，我是M君，一个集经验
与才华于一身的良心小编。
几年前有一个特别引人关注的新闻，号称“中国代购抗癌仿制药第一人”的陆勇由于帮助白血病病友从印度规模性地购入靶向药物（targeted drug）”格列卫”的便宜仿制药在北京被捕，被起诉“销售假药罪（crime of selling quack medicine）”。上千名病友集体写信请求对陆勇从轻处罚，最后以公检部门（public prosecutor）撤销起诉，陆勇被释放结束。
以这个故事为原型的电影，在上周上映了，那就是《我不是药神》。电影上映后好评如潮，同时也将公众的视线带到了癌症治疗这一方面上来。致命的病魔，高昂的治疗费用，让许多的患者感到绝望。但是，随着国家关于抗癌药零关税政策的实施，又重燃了万千癌症患者心中的希望。和M君一起，来了解一下这项最新的福利政策吧。
Day Day Up
https://v.qq.com/txp/iframe/player.html?vid=n0720ae73j5&width=500&height=375&auto=0
癌症，至今都是一个困扰着世界医学界的难题。
Even today, cancer is still one of the most difficult diseases to tackle.
根据国家癌症中心发布的《2018年全国最新癌症报告》，2014年，我国全国恶性肿瘤新发病例数约为380万例。这意味着，每分钟都有7个人被确诊为癌症。
According to a research study conducted by the National Cancer Center of China released in 2018, there were about 3.8 million new cases in 2014 in China. That means at least seven new patients are diagnosed with cancer every minute.
与其他国家不同的是，在我国男性中发病率较高的癌症分别是肺癌、胃癌和肝癌，而在女性中发病率较高的是乳腺癌、肺癌和结直肠癌。而无论是在男性还是女性群体中，肺癌的死亡率都是位列第一的。
In China, the most common forms of cancer for men are lung cancer, gastric cancer and liver cancer. For females, they are breast cancer, lung cancer and colorectal cancer. Deaths from lung cancer are the highest among all cancers.
针对这一现象，来自北京胸科医院的主任医师张树才说，由于早筛意识较弱，加上很多患者忽视了如咳嗽、胸痛、痰中带血这样的早期信号，很多患者来医院确诊时，病情就已经发展到了中晚期。而这也意味着，可用的治疗手段和治疗效果都很有限。
"Most patients have already reached the late stage of cancer when they are diagnosed. The later they are diagnosed, the fewer methods we could take, and less positive effects we could achieve," said Dr. Zhang Shucai, the director of the Department of Oncology at Beijing Chest Hospital, when explaining why the death rate of lung cancer is relatively higher in China.
Financial burden
然而癌症带给患者的往往不仅是身体的损害，还有巨大的资金压力。
But cancer brings more than physical pain to patients, it also brings a tremendous financial burden to them and their families.
对于很多癌症患者来说，定期用靶向治疗药物是最有效的治疗方法之一。但每年高达几十万的昂贵价格，却让很多患者的家庭难以承受。
Taking medicines for targeted therapy is one of the most effective treatments for cancer patients. But many medicines are imported, and are not covered by the country's public health insurance. This means that cancer medicine can cost a patient hundreds of thousands of dollars out of pocket every year.
一些患者家庭甚至不得不远赴印度，去购买便宜的仿制药以维持生命。
So some families barely scrape by in order to keep their loved ones alive, even going so far as to smuggle cheap copycat drugs from India.
但这个现状，从去年的9月份开始出现了转机。
However, the situation has improved since last September.
Access for every patient
通过政府的谈判和统一采购，进口抗癌药的价格自去年九月份开始大幅下降，并且很多都纳入了医保范围。报销后，患者甚至可以节省高达至88%的费用。
Through the Chinese government's procurement and negotiations, the price for imported medicine dropped drastically. Also, most cancer medicines were put on the list of drugs that are covered by public health insurance, netting patients savings of up to 88 percent.
今年两会总理记者会上，李克强总理明确提出对群众、患者急需的抗癌药品，进口税率要力争做到零税率。
This year, Chinese Premier Li Keqiang announced that there will be no tariffs for imported cancer medicine. That will help patients save a further 10 to 20 percent.
自2018年5月1日起，包括抗癌药在内的所有普通药品、具有抗癌作用的生物碱类药品及有实际进口的中成药进口关税降至零。政府的这一系列针对抗癌药的“组合拳”政策，到底能为患者节省多少钱呢？我们帮患者算了一笔账。
So just how much money can a cancer patient save?
以治疗肺癌常用的贝伐珠单抗为例，2017年9月以前，费用是每个月25,985元。9月份降价后，价格下降到了9990元。进入医保目录后，个人承担费用仅为1898元。
Take the drug Bevacizumab, one of the most common medicines for lung cancer, as an example. Before September 2017, lung cancer patients had to spend 25,985 yuan every month. After the price was reduced in September, the drug came down to 9,990 yuan per month. That means a price cut of more than 50 percent.
关税和相应的增值税取消后，有望在此基础上再减少20%的费用。
After medical insurance, patients only need to pay 1,898 yuan per month, or less than one-tenth of the drug's cost before price reductions. After tax cuts, the price could go down to 1,518 yuan.
Zhang said even though targeted therapy is effective, few could take it before.
"But now we can feel the change: many more patients can try the medicines for targeted therapy," he said.
Allowing more imported medicines not only satisfies patients' urgent need for better treatment, it will also spur domestic pharmaceutical companies to develop China's own medicines.
李克强总理强调“不光要把关税降下来，要更多部门联动，从生产、流通、原料进口等各方面综合施策，真正把药品价格降下来，要先紧盯住患者最为急需的有效的几种抗癌药品，把价格降下来，让患者及家属对急需的进口抗癌药价格降低有切实感受！”
This year, the Chinese government emphasized speeding up the timeline for the tariff cuts, for importing newly developed medicine and adding them under the scope of the country's public health insurance.
As part of the global community, China is working toward making the most advanced medicine from all corners of the world accessible for every patient.
不得不说，抗癌药零关税的政策是癌症患者们的巨大福音，购买和走私仿制药的行为将会减少，越来越多的患者能够吃上进口的专利药。M君就再来给大家普及一点关于药品的小知识：
1. 什么是仿制药？
仿制药是指与商品名药在剂量、安全性和效力（strength）（不管如何服用）、质量、作用（performance）以及适应症（intended use）上相同的一种仿制品（copy）。
A generic drug is a pharmaceutical drug has the same chemical substance as originally developed and patented innovative drug. The generic drug has the same active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) as the original, but may differ in characteristics such as manufacturing process, formulation, excipients, color, taste, and packaging.
简单说就是：
Generic drug, therapeutic substance that is equivalent to a brand name drug with respect to its intended use, its effects on the body, and its fate within the body.
2. 什么是专利药/原研药？（brand name drug）
专利药是在全球最先提出申请，并获得专利保护的药品，一般有20年的保护期，其他企业在保护期截止之前不得仿制的药品。
专利药的研制过程包括发现阶段、临床前开发、新药临床前申请(IND)、新药临床试验I期、新药临床试验Ⅱ期、新药临床试验Ⅲ期、新药申请(NDA)。这些药品只有拥有这些专利药品的公司才能生产，或由他们自己转让别人生产。
Prescription drugs marketed with a specific brand name by the company that manufactures it, usually the company which develops and patents it. When patents run out, generic versions of many popular drugs are marketed at lower cost by other companies.
简单说就是:
A drug that has a trade name and is protected by a patent (can be produced and sold only by the company holding the patent).
3. 药品商品名和通用名
在中国，常见的西药名称有三种：通用名、英文名、商品名。
药品的通用名，中国药品通用名称（China Approved Drug Names,简称：CADN），由药典委员会按照《药品通用名称命名原则》组织制定并报卫生部备案的药品的法定名称，是同一种成分或相同配方组成的药品在中国境内的通用名称，具有强制性和约束性。因此，凡上市流通的药品的标签、说明书或包装上必须要用通用名称。
Generic name. Each medicine has an approved name called the generic name. A group of medicines that have similar actions often have similar-sounding generic names. For example, phenoxymethylpenicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin and flucloxacillin are in one group of antibiotics.
药品的商品名，是指经国家药品监督管理部门批准的特定企业使用的该药品专用的商品名称，如对乙酰氨基酚是解热镇痛药，它的通用名是乙酰氨基酚，不同药厂生产的含有对乙酰氨基酚的复方制剂，其商品名有百服咛、泰诺林、必理通等。
Brand (trade) name. Many medicines also have one or more brand names. This is chosen by the company that makes it. Several companies may make the same generic medicine, each with their own brand name.
药品的英文名称采用世界卫生组织编订的国际非专利药名（International Nonproprietary Names for Pharmaceutical Substances，简称INN）；INN没有的，采用其他合适的英文名称。
4. 仿制药如何命名？
当药物受专利保护时，公司按药物的商品名营销药物。当药物专利保护到期时（不再受专利保护），公司可以按通用名或商品名营销其产品。申请专利到期药物上市批准的其它公司必须使用相同的通用名，但是可以创建自己的商品名。因而，相同的仿制药可以按通用名或多个商品名之一销售。
When a drug is under patent protection, the company markets it under its brand name. When the drug is off-patent (no longer protected by patent), the company may market its product under either the generic name or brand name. Other companies that file for approval to market the off-patent drug must use the same generic name but can create their own brand name. As a result, the same generic drug may be sold under either the generic name (for example, ibuprofen) or one of many brand names (such as Advil or Motrin).
我只是一条分割线
这里有最新时事新闻，这里有最精选的复习备考资料，MTI备考，你想要的，M君都会有！M君带着最新最全的MTI备考资料，等着你哦！喜欢M君的话，请给M君的文章点赞分享，你们的支持，是M君更新最大的动力！
MTI备考，M君与你同在！积累、练习、阅读，尽在MTI资料与资讯！
关注M君，各种干货喂饱你！
长按右侧二维码，关注
往期精选 Editors' Choice