《园林》学刊·卷首语（2024.01）丨城市绿地生态网络系统构建

本期专题

城市绿地生态网络

URBAN GREEN SPACE ECOLOGICAL NETWORK

（点击图片查看期刊目录）

·全文刊登于《园林》2024-01P01

·全文引文格式：张浪.城市绿地生态网络系统构建 [J].园林,2024,41(1):01.

 卷首语 

城市绿地生态网络系统构建

Systematic Construction of Urban Green

 Space Ecological Network

城市生态系统是城市人类与周围生物和非生物环境相互作用而形成的一类具有一定功能的网络结构，在其概念范畴下，形成了城市生态网络、城市蓝绿空间生态网络、城市绿地生态网络等。其中，城市绿地生态网络是在城市及其影响范围内，以提供生态与社会双重服务功能为目的，以城市建设用地内的城市绿地及城市建设用地外影响城市生态安全格局的林地、湿地等生态空间为要素，以连续性生态廊道为联结，所形成的网状空间系统。在用地紧张的城市化区域，城市绿地生态网络是提高用地复合效能的主要途径，其组分构成决定了其是城市生态系统组分主体之一，是与人居环境关系最密切、最可调、且投资相对低的生态空间载体。

与传统城市绿地系统不同，城市绿地生态网络更强调城市生物多样性保护需求，兼顾公众人居生态环境需求，提高人居环境的生态质量，强调营造、维护和恢复多样化、层次化、系统化的城市生态空间网络体系。目前国内外关于城市绿地生态网络的研究，存在内在机制不明、理论方法不完善、智能规划系统及科学评价与决策支持平台尚缺乏等问题。由本人组建并带领的EcoLA研究团队，在城市绿地生态网络系统构建领域开展了为期近十年的科技攻关和示范应用，创建了城市绿地生态网络有机进化理论，研建了城市绿地生态网络系统构建方法，创建了一些城市生态廊道连接度的高效提升关键技术，研制了城市生态网络布局结构的智能规划系统平台（试用版），为高效能城市绿地生态网络的规划、建设和管控奠定了基础。

本期专题“城市绿地生态网络”，聚焦基本概念辨析、网络演进机制、情景模拟与评估、智能规划系统、精准修复策略等方面。在理论研究方面，辨析了中国国土空间规划语境下城市绿地生态网络的概念内涵、构建方法及发展方向；提出将生态网络作为一种捍卫城市空间特色的“空间工具”，超越当前“空间生产”的局限性，引导了一种内涵式的特色空间“生产”方式。在技术研发和应用方面，以桂林市为对象，模拟了多情景下城市土地利用变化格局，并采用景观格局指数，对模拟产生的多个生态网络的有效性进行了评价和对比；以北京海淀北部新区和亦庄新城为对象，精准识别了城市生态空间受损部位及受损程度，并基于城市空间结构模式提出生态网络优化建议和改进措施；以江苏省昆山市密集城区的189个街区单元为研究对象，探讨了城市绿地生态网络在协同冬夏季小气候环境中的低效空间识别与精准修复技术方法，为优化人居环境宜居性、提升城市绿地生态网络气候调节服务效能提供技术参考。最后，将保护生物多样性、提升功能连接度作为城市尺度绿地生态网络构建的核心目标，梳理和综合图论、生境质量评价、最小累积阻力模型和电路理论等模型和方法，介绍了一套技术流程明确的城市绿地生态网络智能规划系统。

国土空间规划背景下，在人口稠密、用地紧缺的城市，特别是中心城以及周边区域，城市绿地生态网络规划已成为重要专项内容之一。本期推出了城市绿地生态网络从理论研究到关键技术研发与应用的最新进展，提出了城市绿地生态网络系统构建理论基础与探索实践的重点，以期更多专家学者加入该领域的研究与实践中。

Urban ecosystem is a kind of network structure with certain functions formed by the interaction between urban human beings and the surrounding biotic and abiotic environments, and under its conceptual scope, urban ecological network, urban blue-green space ecological network, urban green space ecological network (UGSEN) have been formed. Among them, the UGSEN is a network space system formed in the city and its influence area with the purpose of providing both ecological and social services, with the urban green space within the urban construction land and the ecological space such as woodland and wetland outside the urban construction land affecting the ecological security pattern of the city as elements, and with the continuity of ecological corridors as links. In urbanized areas with tight land use, the UGSEN is the main way to improve the efficiency of land use composite, and its component composition determines that it is one of the main components of the urban ecosystem, and that it is the ecological space carrier that has the closest relationship with the human environment, is the most adjustable, and has a relatively low level of investment.

Different from the traditional urban green space system, the UGSEN places more emphasis on the urban biodiversity protection needs, takes into account the public’s habitat ecological environment needs, and emphasizes the creation, maintenance and restoration of a diversified, hierarchical and systematic urban ecological space network system. At present, the research on the UGSEN at home and abroad has problems such as unknown inner mechanism, imperfect theory and method, and lack of intelligent planning system and scientific evaluation and decision-making support platform. The EcoLA research team formed and led by myself has carried out scientific and technological research and demonstration application in the field of the UGSEN system construction for about ten years, created the theory of organic evolution of urban green space ecological network, developed the method of urban green space ecological network system construction, created the key technology of efficiently improving the connectivity of urban ecological corridors, and developed the platform of intelligent planning system for the layout structure of urban ecological network, which provides the basis for a highly efficient urban green space ecological network. In addition, we have developed an intelligent planning system platform (trial version) for urban ecological network layout structure, which lays the foundation for the planning, construction and control of high-efficiency urban green space ecological network.

The topic of this issue “Urban Green Space Ecological Network” focuses on the analysis of basic concepts, network evolution mechanism, scenario simulation and assessment, intelligent planning system, and precise restoration strategy. In terms of theoretical research, the concept, construction methods, and development direction of UGSEN in the context of China’s national spatial planning were analyzed; The ecological networks as a “spatial tool” to defend urban spatial characteristics transcends the limitations of current “spatial production” was proposed and a connotative and distinctive spatial “production” approach was guided. In terms of technological research and application, Guilin City was taken as the object to simulate the urban land use change pattern under multiple scenarios, and the landscape pattern index was used to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of multiple ecological networks generated by the simulation; Taking Beijing Haidian North New Area and Yizhuang New City as objects, the damaged areas and degrees of urban ecological space were accurately identified, and ecological network optimization suggestions and improvement measures were proposed based on the urban spatial structure model; Taking 189 block units in the densely populated urban area of Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province as the research object, this paper explores the inefficient spatial identification and precise restoration technology methods of UGSEN in the collaborative winter and summer microclimate environment, providing technical reference for optimizing the livability of living environment and improving the efficiency of UGSEN climate regulation services. Finally, the protection of biodiversity and the enhancement of functional connectivity are the core goals of constructing UGSENs. Models and methods such as graph theory, habitat quality evaluation, minimum cumulative resistance model, and circuit theory were summarized and integrated to introduce an intelligent planning system for urban green space ecological networks with clear technical processes.

In the context of territorial spatial planning, UGSEN planning has become one of the important special contents in densely populated cities with land scarcity, especially in central cities and their surrounding areas. This issue presents the latest progress of UGSEN from theoretical research to the development and application of key technologies, and puts forward the theoretical foundation of the construction of UGSEN system and the focus of exploration and practice, with the hope that more experts and scholars will join in the research and practice in this field.

Editor-in-Chief

编辑校对丨刘   杰              微信排版丨戴嘉旻              文章审核丨钱秀苇   戴嘉旻

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