【说文载道】别材别趣

【 说文载道 】

别材别趣Distinct Subject and Artistic Taste

详解

诗歌应具有的特殊题材和特殊的人生趣味。北宋以来，在黄庭坚的倡导下，江西诗派追求学问，以议论入诗，忽略诗歌自身的感兴特点。南宋严羽对此深为不满，在《沧浪诗话》中提出这个概念，旨在划清诗与非诗的界限，说明诗歌的本质是吟咏情性，而不是堆砌书本知识、卖弄学问；诗歌重在表现感受、传达意味，而不是单纯阐发义理，诗的义理应融化在审美意象中。“别材别趣”的提出，说明文论家注意到了诗歌自身的审美特性，倡导回归唐诗的创作方式和风格。

Poetry should have its distinct subject and artistic taste. In the Northern Song Dynasty, inspired by Huang Tingjian, poets of the Jiangxi School used poetry as a means to express views on public issues. In doing so, they tended to overlook the use of inspiring and evocative language unique to poetic expression. In Canglang’s Criticism of Poetry, literary critic Yan Yu of the Southern Song Dynasty expressed his dismay at this trend. He argued that poetry should have its distinctive subject and purpose and that poetry should express the poet’s sentiment and emotion rather than piling book knowledge or showing off learning or presenting theories. The message of a poem should be expressed through its aesthetic depiction. The advocating of distinct subject and artistic taste by Yan Yu shows that by the time of the Southern Song Dynasty, literary critics had recognized the distinctive features of poetic expression and called for return to the creative style of poetry writing of the Tang Dynasty.

非诗也。要皆经义策论之有韵者尔，少者千篇，多者万首，或逞辨博，或尚理致，或负材力，
集各有诗，诗各自为体；三百年间虽人各有集，刘克庄︽竹溪诗序︾

◎ 宋朝300年之间，虽然人人有文集，集中都有诗，诗又各有自己擅长的体式，这些诗或者崇尚义理情致，或者自负才学，或者逞辩夸博，少的成千篇，多的上万首，全都是阐发儒家经义或论述时政对策的文章，只不过押上韵罢了，根本不能算诗。

◎ During the 300 years of the Song Dynasty, a lot of people published collections of literary works, many of which contained poems dealing with different subject matters. In these poems, some authors showcased their arguments, while others paraded their learning or indulged in scholarly debate. Some published 1,000 poems, and others published even 10,000 poems; but most of them were merely rhymed essays that expounded Confucian classics or discussed current policies. They were just not poetry. (Liu Kezhuang: Preface to A Collection of Zhuxi’s Poems)

编辑：Ms. Liu

审核：徐蕾莹

● 由《中华思想文化术语》编委会授权发布 ●

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