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中英对照 | 最高人民法院关于发布第31批指导性案例的通知
来源 | 北大法宝法律法规库
北大法宝英文译本库
[CLI Code]CLI.3.5112078(EN)
目 录 | ||
指导案例172号 | 秦家学滥伐林木刑事附带民事公益诉讼案 | People v. Qin Jiaxue (criminal case of deforestation with an incidental civil public interest action) |
指导案例173号 | 北京市朝阳区自然之友环境研究所诉中国水电顾问集团新平开发有限公司、中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司生态环境保护民事公益诉讼案 | Chaoyang District Friends of Nature Environmental Research Institute of Beijing Municipality v. Hydrochina Corporation Xinping Development Co., Ltd. and POWERCHINA Kunming Engineering Corporation Limited (civil public interest action for ecological and environmental protection) |
指导案例174号 | 中国生物多样性保护与绿色发展基金会诉雅砻江流域水电开发有限公司生态环境保护民事公益诉讼案 | China Biodiversity Conservation and Green Development Foundation v. Yalong River Hydropower Development Co., Ltd. (civil public interest action for ecological and environmental protection) |
指导案例175号 | 江苏省泰州市人民检察院诉王小朋等59人生态破坏民事公益诉讼案 | The People's Procuratorate of Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province v. 59 Persons including Wang Xiaopeng (civil public interest action for ecological damage) |
指导案例176号 | 湖南省益阳市人民检察院诉夏顺安等15人生态破坏民事公益诉讼案 | The People's Procuratorate of Yiyang City, Hunan Province v. 15 Persons including Xia Shun'an (civil public interest action for ecological damage) |
指导案例177号 | 海南临高盈海船务有限公司诉三沙市渔政支队行政处罚案 | Hainan Lin'gao Yinghai Shipping Co., Ltd. v. Fishery Administration Corps of Sansha City (administrative penalty) |
指导案例178号 | 北海市乃志海洋科技有限公司诉北海市海洋与渔业局行政处罚案 | Beihai Naizhi Ocean Technology Co., Ltd. v. Ocean and Fishery Bureau of Beihai City (administrative penalty) |
Notice by the Supreme People's Court of Issuing the Thirty-First Group of Guiding Cases
指导案例172号 (Guiding Case No. 172)秦家学滥伐林木刑事附带民事公益诉讼案People v. Qin Jiaxue (criminal case of deforestation with an incidental civil public interest action)关键词 [Keywords]刑事/滥伐林木罪/生态修复/补植复绿/专家意见/保证金criminal, crime of deforestation, ecological restoration, revegetation, expert opinion, deposit裁判要点 [Key Points of Judgment]1.人民法院确定被告人森林生态环境修复义务时，可以参考专家意见及林业规划设计单位、自然保护区主管部门等出具的专业意见，明确履行修复义务的树种、树龄、地点、数量、存活率及完成时间等具体要求。1. When determining a defendant's obligation to restore the forest ecology and environment, the people's court may refer to expert opinions and the professional opinions issued by forestry planning and design entities and nature reserve authorities, among others, and specify the tree species, tree age, location, number, survival rate, completion time, and other specific requirements for performance of the obligation of restoration.2.被告人自愿交纳保证金作为履行生态环境修复义务担保的，人民法院可以将该情形作为从轻量刑情节。2. If defendant voluntarily pays a deposit to secure performance of the obligation to restore the ecology and environment, the people's court may regard the circumstance as a circumstance for sentencing on a light scale.指导案例173号 (Guiding Case No. 173)北京市朝阳区自然之友环境研究所诉中国水电顾问集团新平开发有限公司、中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司生态环境保护民事公益诉讼案Chaoyang District Friends of Nature Environmental Research Institute of Beijing Municipality v. Hydrochina Corporation Xinping Development Co., Ltd. and POWERCHINA Kunming Engineering Corporation Limited (civil public interest action for ecological and environmental protection)关键词 [Keywords]民事/生态环境保护民事公益诉讼/损害社会公共利益/重大风险/濒危野生动植物civil, civil public interest action for ecological and environmental protection, injury to the public interest, material risk, endangered wild animals and plants裁判要点 [Key Points of Judgment]人民法院审理环境民事公益诉讼案件，应当贯彻保护优先、预防为主原则。原告提供证据证明项目建设将对濒危野生动植物栖息地及生态系统造成毁灭性、不可逆转的损害后果，人民法院应当从被保护对象的独有价值、损害结果发生的可能性、损害后果的严重性及不可逆性等方面，综合判断被告的行为是否具有《最高人民法院关于审理环境民事公益诉讼案件适用法律若干问题的解释》第一条规定的“损害社会公共利益重大风险”。When trying an environmental civil public interest action case, the people's court shall implement the principle of giving priority to protection and focusing on prevention. If plaintiff provides evidence that project construction will cause devastating and irreversible injurious consequences for the habitats for endangered wild animals and plants and the ecosystem, the people's court shall take into account the unique value of protectees, the possibility of injurious results, seriousness and irreversibility of injurious consequences, and other aspects in judging whether the conduct of defendant presents "material risk of injuring the public interest" in Article 1 of the Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Environmental Civil Public Interest Action Cases.指导案例174号 (Guiding Case No. 174)中国生物多样性保护与绿色发展基金会诉雅砻江流域水电开发有限公司生态环境保护民事公益诉讼案China Biodiversity Conservation and Green Development Foundation v. Yalong River Hydropower Development Co., Ltd. (civil public interest action for ecological and environmental protection)关键词 [Keywords]民事/生态环境保护民事公益诉讼/潜在风险/预防性措施/濒危野生植物civil, civil public interest action for ecological and environmental protection, potential risk, preventive measures, endangered wild plants裁判要点 [Key Points of Judgment]人民法院审理环境民事公益诉讼案件，应当贯彻绿色发展理念和风险预防原则，根据现有证据和科学技术认为项目建成后可能对案涉地濒危野生植物生存环境造成破坏，存在影响其生存的潜在风险，从而损害生态环境公共利益的，可以判决被告采取预防性措施，将对濒危野生植物生存的影响纳入建设项目的环境影响评价，促进环境保护和经济发展的协调。When trying an environmental civil public interest action case, the people's court shall implement the concept of green development and the principle of risk prevention, and may adjudge defendant to take preventive measures, include the impact on the survival of endangered wild plants in the environmental impact assessment of the construction project, and promote the coordination of environmental protection and economic development, if it holds based on existing evidence, science, and technology that the project after completion might cause damage to the living environment for the endangered wild plants involved in the case and carry potential risk affecting their survival, thereby injuring the public interest in the ecology and environment.指导案例175号 (Guiding Case No. 175)江苏省泰州市人民检察院诉王小朋等59人生态破坏民事公益诉讼案The People's Procuratorate of Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province v. 59 Persons including Wang Xiaopeng (civil public interest action for ecological damage)关键词 [Keywords]民事/生态破坏民事公益诉讼/非法捕捞/共同侵权/生态资源损害赔偿civil, civil public interest action for ecological damage, illegal fishing, joint tort, compensation for damage to ecological resources裁判要点 [Key Points of Judgment]1.当收购者明知其所收购的鱼苗系非法捕捞所得，仍与非法捕捞者建立固定买卖关系，形成完整利益链条，共同损害生态资源的，收购者应当与捕捞者对共同实施侵权行为造成的生态资源损失承担连带赔偿责任。1. Where a buyer establishes a fixed buyer-seller relationship with an illegal fisher to form a complete chain of interests and jointly damage ecological resources with knowledge that the fish fry bought is derived from illegal fishing, the buyer shall be jointly and several liable with the fisher for compensation for the loss of ecological resources caused by the jointly committed tort.2.侵权人使用禁用网具非法捕捞，在造成其捕捞的特定鱼类资源损失的同时，也破坏了相应区域其他水生生物资源，严重损害生物多样性的，应当承担包括特定鱼类资源损失和其他水生生物资源损失在内的生态资源损失赔偿责任。当生态资源损失难以确定时，人民法院应当结合生态破坏的范围和程度、资源的稀缺性、恢复所需费用等因素，充分考量非法行为的方式破坏性、时间敏感性、地点特殊性等特点，并参考专家意见，综合作出判断。2. Where a tortfeasor uses banned nets for illegal fishing, not only causing the loss of the specific fish resources caught by him or her, but also causing damage to the other aquatic life resources in the corresponding area and seriously damaging biological diversity, the tortfeasor shall be liable for compensation for the loss of ecological resources including specific fish resources and other aquatic life resources. When the loss of ecological resources is difficult to determine, the people's courts shall make a determination in light of factors such as the scope and extent of ecological damage, the scarcity of resources, and the cost of restoration, giving full consideration to the destructiveness of methods, sensitivity of time, particularity of location, and other characteristics of the violation, by referring to expert opinions.指导案例176号 (Guiding Case No. 176)湖南省益阳市人民检察院诉夏顺安等15人生态破坏民事公益诉讼案The People's Procuratorate of Yiyang City, Hunan Province v. 15 Persons including Xia Shun'an (civil public interest action for ecological damage)关键词 [Keywords]民事/生态破坏民事公益诉讼/生态环境修复/损害担责/全面赔偿/非法采砂civil, civil public interest action for ecological damage, ecological and environmental restoration, liability for damage, full compensation, illegal sand mining裁判要点 [Key Points of Judgment]人民法院审理环境民事公益诉讼案件，应当贯彻损害担责、全面赔偿原则，对于破坏生态违法犯罪行为不仅要依法追究刑事责任，还要依法追究生态环境损害民事责任。认定非法采砂行为所导致的生态环境损害范围和损失时，应当根据水环境质量、河床结构、水源涵养、水生生物资源等方面的受损情况进行全面评估、合理认定。When trying environmental civil public interest action cases, the people's courts shall, on the principle of liability for damage and full compensation, hold defendants not only criminally liable for the illegal and criminal acts injurious to the ecology, but also civilly liable for ecological and environmental damage, according to the law. When determining the scope of ecological and environmental damage and the loss caused by illegal sand mining, comprehensive assessment and reasonable determination shall be made based on the damage in the aspects such as the quality of the water environment, riverbed structure, water source conservation, and aquatic life resources.指导案例177号 (Guiding Case No. 177)海南临高盈海船务有限公司诉三沙市渔政支队行政处罚案Hainan Lin'gao Yinghai Shipping Co., Ltd. v. Fishery Administration Corps of Sansha City (administrative penalty)关键词 [Keywords]行政/行政处罚/《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》/非法运输/珍贵、濒危水生野生动物及其制品/珊瑚、砗磲administrative, administrative penalty, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, illegal transportation, precious and endangered aquatic wild animals and their products, Anthozoa and Tridacnidae裁判要点 [Key Points of Judgment]我国为《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》缔约国，对于列入该公约附录一、附录二中的珊瑚、砗磲的所有种，无论活体、死体，还是相关制品，均应依法给予保护。行为人非法运输该公约附录一、附录二中的珊瑚、砗磲，行政机关依照野生动物保护法等有关规定作出行政处罚的，人民法院应予支持。China as a party to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora shall afford protection in accordance with the law to Anthozoa and Tridacnidae spp. listed in Appendices I and II of the Convention, whether live, dead, or related products. If an actor illegally transports the Anthozoa and Tridacnidae listed in Appendices I and II of the Convention, and the administrative authorities impose an administrative penalty in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Wildlife Protection Law, among others, the people's court shall uphold the administrative penalty.指导案例178号 (Guiding Case No. 178)北海市乃志海洋科技有限公司诉北海市海洋与渔业局行政处罚案Beihai Naizhi Ocean Technology Co., Ltd. v. Ocean and Fishery Bureau of Beihai City (administrative penalty)关键词 [Keywords]行政/行政处罚/非法围海、填海/海岸线保护/海洋生态环境/共同违法认定/从轻或者减轻行政处罚administrative, administrative penalty, illegal reclamation, protection of coastline, marine ecology and environment, determination of joint violation, administrative penalty on a light scale or mitigated administrative penalty裁判要点 [Key Points of Judgment]1.行为人未依法取得海域使用权，在海岸线向海一侧以平整场地及围堰护岸等方式，实施筑堤围割海域，将海域填成土地并形成有效岸线，改变海域自然属性的用海活动可以认定为构成非法围海、填海。1. If an actor conducts sea use activities of building dikes to enclose a sea area on the seaward side of the coastline by leveling grounds, building cofferdams to protect dikes, and other means, filling the sea area to create land and form an effective coastline, and changing the natural attributes of the sea area, without acquiring a right to use the sea area in accordance with the law, the actor may be determined to commit illegal reclamation.2.同一海域内，行为人在无共同违法意思联络的情形下，先后各自以其独立的行为进行围海、填海，并造成不同损害后果的，不属于共同违法的情形。行政机关认定各行为人的上述行为已构成独立的行政违法行为，并对各行为人进行相互独立的行政处罚，人民法院应予支持。对于同一海域内先后存在两个以上相互独立的非法围海、填海行为，行为人应各自承担相应的行政法律责任，在后的违法行为不因在先的违法行为适用从轻或者减轻行政处罚的有关规定。2. If actors perform independent acts of reclamation in the same sea area one after another with different harmful consequences, without intention to jointly violate the law, they fall outside the circumstance of joint violation of the law. If the administrative authorities determine the above act of each actor to constitute an independent administrative violation, and impose an independent administrative penalty on each actor, the people's court shall uphold the determination and administrative penalty. For not less than independent illegal acts of reclamation in the same sea area, the actors shall each bear the corresponding administrative legal liability, the provisions on administrative penalties on a light scale or mitigated penalties shall not apply to subsequent illegal acts because of previous illegal acts.
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责任编辑 | 吴晓婧
审核人员 | 曲鹏翔 董帅
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