「Part 7」2018政府工作报告中英文对照个人注释版

居民基本医保人均财政补助标准由240元提高到450元，

Government subsidies for basic medical insurance schemes have been increased from 240 to 450 yuan per person;

注：

居民基本医保

basic medical insurance schemes

财政补助

government subsidies

大病保险制度基本建立、已有1700多万人次受益，

the serious disease insurance system is basically in place, and has already benefited more than 17 million people;

注：

大病保险制度

the serious disease insurance system

异地就医住院费用实现直接结算，

the costs of hospitalization can now be settled where incurred;

注：

就医住院费用

the costs of hospitalization

异地直接结算

be settled where incurred

分级诊疗和医联体建设加快推进。

and the development of tiered medical diagnosis and treatment and healthcare consortiums has picked up pace.

注：

分级诊疗

tiered medical diagnosis and treatment

医联体(healthcare consortiums)是指区域医疗联合体，是将同一个区域内的医疗资源整合在一起，通常由一个区域内的三级医院与二级医院、社区医院、村医院组成一个医疗联合体。

持续合理提高退休人员基本养老金。

We have consistently made appropriate increases to basic old-age pensions for retirees.

注：

退休人员基本养老金

basic old-age pensions for retirees

提高低保、优抚等标准，

We have raised subsistence allowances, benefits for entitled groups, and other allowances,

注：

低保

subsistence allowances

优抚

benefits for entitled groups

完善社会救助制度，

and improved the social assistance system,

注：

社会救助制度

the social assistance system

近6000万低保人员和特困群众基本生活得到保障。

ensuring the livelihoods of close to 60 million people on subsistence allowances or living in extreme poverty.

注：

低保人员

people on subsistence allowances

特困群众

people living in extreme poverty

建立困难和重度残疾人“两项补贴”制度，惠及2100多万人。

We have put in place a system to provide living allowances for people with disabilities in financial difficulty and nursing care subsidies for people with serious disabilities, a system that has benefited over 21 million people.

注：

残疾人“两项补贴”制度是指困难残疾人生活补贴(living allowances for people with disabilities in financial difficulty)和重度残疾人护理补贴(nursing care subsidies for people with serious disabilities)制度。

惠及多少人/多少人受益

benefit ... people

实施全面两孩政策。

All couples can now have two children.

加快发展文化事业，文化产业年均增长13%以上。

We have moved faster to develop cultural programs, and seen the cultural industry grow at an average annual rate of over 13 percent.

注：

发展文化事业

develop cultural programs

全民健身广泛开展，

We have carried out Fitness-for-All programs, which are now in full swing;

注：

全民健身

Fitness-for-All programs

广泛展开/全面展开

be in full swing

体育健儿勇创佳绩。

and Chinese athletes have excelled in competition.

（八）坚持人与自然和谐发展，着力治理环境污染，生态文明建设取得明显成效。

Eighth, with a commitment to achieving harmony between human and nature, we have taken major steps to address pollution, and achieved notable progress in ecological conservation.

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树立绿水青山就是金山银山理念，以前所未有的决心和力度加强生态环境保护。

We have established the notion that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets and acted with resolve and intensity as never before to strengthen environmental protection.

注：

绿水青山就是金山银山

lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets

前所未有的

as never before

决心和力度

resolve and intensity

重拳整治大气污染，重点地区细颗粒物（PM2.5）平均浓度下降30%以上。

We have struck out hard against air pollution, thus achieving a drop of over 30 percent in the average density of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in key areas.

注：

重拳整治

strike out hard against

细颗粒物（PM2.5）

fine particulate matter (PM2.5)

平均浓度

the average density of

加强散煤治理，推进重点行业节能减排，

We have done more to reduce the use of low quality coal, pushed for progress in energy conservation and emission reductions in key industries,

注：

节能减排

energy conservation and emission reductions

散煤是相对于工业（发电、冶金、化工、医药、建材、供热等）用途燃煤而言的，主要指炊事、取暖等非工业用途的煤炭。还有一种说法认为散煤是指与型煤相对的“未经加过的煤炭产品”，即市场通常意义上的煤炭。

此处译为low quality coal，2016年则处理为untreated coal

对比2016年报告相关表述：

加强煤炭清洁高效利用，减少散煤使用，

We will work to promote cleaner and more efficient use of coal, ensure there is less use of untreated coal,

71%的煤电机组实现超低排放。

and seen 71 percent of coal-fired power plants achieving ultra-low emissions.

注：

煤电机组

coal-fired power plants

超低排放

ultra-low emissions

优化能源结构，煤炭消费比重下降8.1个百分点，清洁能源消费比重提高6.3个百分点。

We have improved the energy mix, cutting the share of coal consumption by 8.1 percentage points and increasing the share of clean energy consumption by 6.3 percentage points.

注：

能源结构

the energy mix

煤炭消费比重

the share of coal consumption

清洁能源消费比重

the share of clean energy consumption

提高燃油品质，淘汰黄标车和老旧车2000多万辆。

We have improved fuel quality, and taken over 20 million high-emission and old vehicles off the roads.

注：

黄标车和老旧车

high-emission and old vehicles

“黄标车”是高污染排放车辆的别称，是未达到国Ⅰ排放标准的汽油车，或未达到国Ⅲ排放标准的柴油车，因其贴的是黄色环保标志，因此称为黄标车。

加强重点流域海域水污染防治，化肥农药使用量实现零增长。

We have strengthened prevention and control measures against water pollution in key drainage basins and sea areas, and achieved zero growth in chemical fertilizer and pesticide use.

注：

重点流域海域

key drainage basins and sea areas

加强水污染防治

strengthen prevention and control measures against water pollution

化肥农药

chemical fertilizer and pesticide

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推进重大生态保护和修复工程，扩大退耕还林还草还湿，

We have pursued major ecological conservation and restoration projects, expanded the coverage of initiatives to turn marginal farmland into forest, grassland, and wetlands,

注：

重大生态保护和修复工程

major ecological conservation and restoration projects

退耕还林还草还湿

turn marginal farmland into forest, grassland, and wetlands

加强荒漠化、石漠化、水土流失综合治理。

and intensified comprehensive efforts to curb desertification, rock desertification, and soil erosion.

注：

荒漠化

desertification

石漠化

rock desertification

水土流失

soil erosion

开展中央环保督察，严肃查处违法案件。

We have launched central government inspections on environmental protection and investigated and prosecuted cases involving legal violations.

注：

中央环保督察

central government inspections on environmental protection

严肃查处违法案件

investigate and prosecute cases involving legal violations

积极推动《巴黎协定》签署生效，

We worked toward and saw that the Paris Agreement was put into force;

注：

《巴黎协定》

the Paris Agreement

我国在应对全球气候变化中发挥了重要作用。

China has played an important role in responding to global climate change.

（九）坚持依法全面履行政府职能，着力加强和创新社会治理，社会保持和谐稳定。

Ninth, with a commitment to fully performing government functions in accordance with law, we have focused on enhancing and developing new forms of social governance, and ensured social harmony and stability.

注：

依法全面履行政府职能

fully perform government functions in accordance with law

加强和创新社会治理

enhance and develop new forms of social governance

提请全国人大常委会制定修订法律95部，

We have submitted proposals to the NPC Standing Committee on formulating or revising 95 laws,

注：

全国人大常委会

the NPC Standing Committee

制定修订行政法规195部，

formulated or revised 195 sets of administrative regulations,

注：

行政法规

administrative regulations

修改废止一大批部门规章。

and revised or rescinded a large number of government department regulations.

注：

部门规章

government department regulations

「Part 5」刚出现过，

rescind：to make a law, agreement, order, or decision no longer have any (legal) power 废除；取消；撤销

The policy of charging air travellers for vegetarian meals proved unpopular and has already been rescinded.

事实证明，航空公司向素食乘客收取素餐费的做法不得人心，因而已被取消。

省、市、县政府部门制定公布权责清单。

Lists of powers and obligations have been formulated and released by provincial, city, and county government departments.

注：

权责清单

lists of powers and obligations

省、市、县政府部门

provincial, city, and county government departments

开展国务院大督查和专项督查，

We have introduced State Council accountability inspections and special inspections,

注：

国务院大督查

State Council accountability inspections

专项督查

special inspections

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对积极作为、成效突出的给予表彰和政策激励，

and commended and created policy incentives for those working proactively and doing an outstanding job,

注：

积极作为、成效突出的(人)

those working proactively and doing an outstanding job

对不作为的严肃问责。

while holding strictly to account those failing to fulfill their duties.

注：

不作为的(人)

those failing to fulfill their duties

创新城乡基层治理。

We have been making innovations in urban and rural primary level governance.

注：

城乡基层治理

urban and rural primary level governance

完善信访工作制度。

The system for handling public complaints has been improved.

注：

信访工作制度

the system for handling public complaints

扩大法律援助范围。

The coverage of legal aid has been expanded.

注：

法律援助范围

the coverage of legal aid

促进安全生产领域改革发展，事故总量和重特大事故数量持续下降。

We have promoted reform and improvements in workplace safety, and seen a continued drop in both the total number of accidents and the number of serious and major accidents.

注：

安全生产

workplace safety

重特大事故

serious and major accidents

改革完善食品药品监管，强化风险全程管控。

We have reformed and improved food and drug regulation and strengthened risk control over all related processes.

注：

食品药品监管

food and drug regulation

风险全程管控

risk control over all related processes

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加强地震、特大洪灾等防灾减灾救灾工作，

We have strengthened work on preventing, reducing, and providing relief for disasters, including earthquakes and serious flooding,

注：

防灾减灾救灾

preventing, reducing, and providing relief for disasters

健全分级负责、相互协同的应急机制，

and built stronger emergency response mechanisms employing a division of responsibilities between levels and close coordination.

注：

应急机制

emergency response mechanisms

分级负责、相互协同

a division of responsibilities between levels and close coordination

最大程度降低了灾害损失。

With this we have minimized the damage and loss inflicted by disasters to the greatest possible extent.

注：

灾害损失

the damage and loss inflicted by disasters

最大程度

to the greatest possible extent

加强国家安全。

China's national security is better safeguarded.

健全社会治安防控体系，依法打击各类违法犯罪，有力维护了公共安全。

We have improved the crime prevention and control system, worked in accordance with law to hit back against all types of crime and illegal behavior, and effectively safeguarded public security.

注：

社会治安防控体系

the crime prevention and control system

打击各类违法犯罪

hit back against all types of crime and illegal behavior

维护公共安全

safeguard public security

贯彻落实党中央全面从严治党部署，加强党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争。

We have implemented the Party Central Committee's decisions on exercising full and strict Party self-governance and done more to improve Party conduct, build a clean government, and fight corruption.

注：

党中央...部署

the Party Central Committee's decisions on

全面从严治党

exercising full and strict Party self-governance

党风

Party conduct

廉政建设

build a clean government

深入开展党的群众路线教育实践活动、

We have taken extensive action in raising awareness of and putting into practice the Party's mass line, 

注：

党的群众路线教育实践活动

the Party's mass line

“三严三实”专题教育、

in the Three Stricts and Three Earnests campaign, 

注：

“三严三实”：既严以修身、严以用权、严以律己；又谋事要实、创业要实、做人要实

The Three Stricts and Three Earnests refers to the need to be strict with oneself in practicing self-cultivation, using power, and exercising self-discipline; and to be earnest in one's thinking, work, and behavior.

“两学一做”学习教育，

and in the drive to see that Party members develop a good understanding of the Party Constitution, Party regulations, and General Secretary Xi Jinping's major policy addresses and live up to Party standards.

注：

“两学一做”：学党章党规、学系列讲话，做合格党员

develop a good understanding of the Party Constitution, Party regulations, and General Secretary Xi Jinping's major policy addresses and live up to Party standards

认真落实党中央八项规定精神，持之以恒纠正“四风”，

We have worked hard to ensure compliance withthe Central Committee's eight-point decision on improving conduct and staying engaged with the people and worked nonstop to address the practice of formalities for formalities' sake, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance.

注：

“八项规定”(the Central Committee's eight-point decision)：2012年12月4日，中共中央政治局召开会议，审议通过了中央政治局关于改进工作作风(improving conduct)、密切联系群众(staying engaged with the people)的八项规定。

持之以恒

work nonstop to

四风指形式主义(formalities for formalities' sake)、官僚主义(bureaucratism)、享乐主义(hedonism)和奢靡之风(extravagance)。

严格执行国务院“约法三章”。

We have strictly enforced the three-point State Council decision on curbing government spending.

注：

国务院“约法三章”(the three-point State Council decision)：政府性楼堂馆所一律不得新建，财政供养人员只减不增，公费接待、公费出国、公费购车只减不增。

严控新建政府性楼堂馆所和财政供养人员总量，

We have enforced strict controls over the construction of new government buildings and over the total number of people on the government payroll; 

注：

新建政府性楼堂馆所

the construction of new government buildings

财政供养人员总量

the total number of people on the government payroll

“三公”经费大幅压减。

and spending on official overseas visits, official vehicles, and official hospitality has been significantly reduced.

注：

“三公”经费

spending on official overseas visits, official vehicles, and official hospitality

加强行政监察和审计监督。

We have strengthened government supervision and auditing-based oversight.

注：

行政监察和审计监督

government supervision and auditing-based oversight

坚决查处和纠正违法违规行为，严厉惩处腐败分子，

We have taken strong steps to investigate, prosecute, and address violations of laws and regulations and severely punished those who have committed corruption.

注：

查处和纠正违法违规行为

investigate, prosecute, and address violations of laws and regulations

腐败分子

those who have committed corruption

反腐败斗争压倒性态势已经形成并巩固发展。

The anti-corruption campaign has built into a crushing tide, a tide with stronger and growing momentum.

注：

反腐败斗争

the anti-corruption campaign

压倒性态势

a crushing tide

「未完待续」

「持续更新中」

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