证入无我的利益（1）| 雷迪西亚多
作者：雷迪大师
<译者按>雷迪大师(Ledi Sayadaw 1846-1923)，是缅甸当代僧人中，德行、学养兼具的修行人，他的著作等身，多达七十六册，其中十六册是用巴利文撰写，其余为缅甸文。他也是二十世纪初期，获得国际佛教团体肯定的南传僧人，英国巴利圣典协会(PTS)出版他的作品《哲学关系》，法国巴黎佛教团体也派人专访，足见他修行魅力之所在。一九一一年，印度政府更特赠Aggamaha-pandita(首席大智者)的头衔，声誉益隆。雷迪大师力主推动四念处直观法门，尤其是以"受念处"为入手，他并自巴利三藏中铺陈了完整的体系，对缅甸佛教的影响，可说是既深且远。本文系译自《佛教手册》附录之二，为Anatta Dipani(无我手册)的浓缩英译本。
I shall show here the advantages arising from the realization of the characteristic of not-self (anattaa).
现在，我将揭示证入"无我"所生起的利益。
If one can clearly perceive the characteristic of anattaa, one achieves the knowledge pertaining to the path of stream-entry (sotaapatti-magga-.taa.na), wherein ego-delusion (atta-di.t.thi) and personality belief (sakkaaya-di.t.thi) are totally eradicated.
如果一位修行人能够清澈地觉知到"无我"的特征，他就达到了"预流果"的境界，因而完整地断除"我见"或"身见"。
Anattaa Realization and Past Kamma 证入"无我"与过去的业
All beings who drift and circle in the long and beginningless round of rebirths called samsaara rarely encounter the teachings of a Buddha. They may not encounter them for the time of even a hundred thousand world-cycles. They may not get the opportunity of hearing of a Buddha’s teachings even once while an infinite number of world-cycles elapse. The number of existences and world-cycles in which beings have been afflicted by evil and error predominate. Hence, in the mental make-up of a being, there is always an infinite number of unwholesome actions (akusala-kamma) that can result in its falling into a world of utmost torment (aviici-niraya), or in being reborn in other worlds of woe.
在无止尽、漫长的轮回中流转的众生，能够遇见佛教是非常难得的，在百千万劫中，他们总是遇不到佛教，也没有机会聆听佛陀的教诲。无数世与劫数中，众生总是受到先前的恶业与错误所折磨。因此，在众生的作意思维中，这些无数的业总是让他们堕入无间地狱。同样地，这些无止尽的业也会让他们堕入等活地狱以及其他的地狱，或者以饿鬼、阿修罗、畜生等等方式再生。
Ego-delusion is the foremost of the unwholesome kamma of old and accompanies beings incessantly. As long as personality-belief exists, these old unwholesome actions are fiery and full of strength. Though beings may be enjoying happiness and splendour as deities, as divine rulers (Sakka) or in the fine-material or immaterial Brahma worlds, yet they necessarily exist, as it were, with their heads forever turned towards the four worlds of woe (apaaya).
"我见"是旧恶业之首，因此，持续地依附在众生上。只要"身见"存在，这些旧恶业就会非常猛烈，充满力量。虽然众生可以像在六天界的天神或帝释天尽情享乐，终究还是会落入四苦界。同样地，众生虽然可以在色梵天、无色梵天尽情享乐，他们终究还是会落入四苦界。
Palm fruits in a palm grove have an ever-existing tendency to fall to the ground, even though they may be attached to the very top of a palm tree. So long as the stalks are firm the fruits will remain on the tree; but as soon as the stalks weaken they will inevitably fall to the ground. In the same way, deities and Brahma gods afflicted with ego-delusion will be able to exist in their respective worlds only as long as the "stalks" of vital life force as deities and Brahmas remain intact. But when these "stalks" of vital life force are severed, they inevitably fall into worlds below, just like the palm fruits. This happens because personality-belief, which is ever present in the mental make-up of a being, is a great burden (heavier than even the Mount Meru) in as much as personality-belief gathers in its fold an infinite number of unwholesome kamma accumulated in the past.
棕榈树上的果子，虽然是长在树巅，果子终究会掉落地面。只要棕榈树榦依然挺立，果子就会挂在树上，不过，一旦这些树榦萎靡了，果子无可避免地掉落地面。同样地，只要天神、梵天的生命"树榦"，依旧完整无缺，天神、梵天有机会生于天界与梵天界而受"我见"的折磨。这些生命"树榦"一旦切断了，他们必定沦入低层的苦界，就像果子掉落地面一样。因为"身见"是恒常地出现在众生的作意思维中，"身见"所带来的苦恼，远比摩奴大山还要巨大，这是因为"身见"在其内在意识中，聚合了无穷的恶业。
Thus beings who harbour within themselves this personality-belief are continually under pressure to gradually descend or directly to fall towards the worlds of woe although they may be living in the highest of the Brahma worlds. The cases of beings living in the lower Brahma worlds, or in the celestial or human world, are much worse and need no further comment. Although such beings may exist as the rulers of Brahma worlds or of celestial worlds, yet their mental makeup contains (ready-made) the eight great hells, the lesser hells, the worlds of ghosts and demons, and the animal realm. It is because these beings do not know that the tendency towards those misery-filled lower realms is always present in their mental make-up that the Brahma kings and divine kings can afford to derive pleasure and enjoyment from their form of existence.
因此，众生即使生活在最高的梵天界当中，只要作意思维的"身见"依旧存在，就会持续地沦入苦界。至于生活于低层的梵天界或天神界，乃至于人类的众生，情况就更糟了，勿庸多说了。虽然这些众生可能是梵天王、天神王或帝释天王，他们的作意思维，就含藏了八层地狱。同样地，他们的作意思维，也含藏了无数的低层地狱、饿鬼道、阿修罗道与畜生道。这是因为这些众生没有体会到，沦入这些低层与贪吝世界的倾向是恒常地呈现在他们的作意思维当中，而梵天王以及天神王仍然从这些境界中追逐快乐。
But all the old unwholesome actions that have accompanied beings throughout the long and beginningless round of rebirths will be extinguished completely when their head and chief, personality-belief (sakkaaya-di.t.thi), has been made to disappear entirely.
当旧恶业之首的"身见"，完全灭尽了，伴随众生而无止尽轮回的一切旧恶业，会澈底熄灭。
Apart from that old unwholesome kamma that had accompanied beings since time immemorial, even in the case of the numerous unwholesome actions committed in the present existence (such as killing or stealing), their (rebirth-producing) tendencies entirely disappear as soon as their head and chief, the personality-belief, becomes completely extinguished. For such beings there may remain occasion to fear affliction by vermin, but there no longer remains any occasion for them to fear the resultants of the infinite number of past unwholesome actions.
不用说从前世伴随而来的旧恶业，只要在今生所作的无数恶业中，诸如杀生、偷盗的业，只有当"身见"完全熄灭了，他们的果报才会澈底消失。对于这类众生而言，还是会害怕虱子、昆虫的迫害，但是，已经不需畏惧过无尽恶业的果报。
Beings whose mental make-up is entirely freed from personality-belief have, as it were, their heads turned towards the higher planes of the celestial and Brahma worlds even though they may be living in the human world. And if living in the lower celestial and Brahma realms, their heads are always turned towards the higher planes of those worlds. They resemble the vapours that invariably rise upwards from forests and mountains during the latter part of the rainy season.
这些作意思维的众生，一旦完全从"身见"中解脱出来，即使他们还是人类，却已转向天神界以及梵天界了。虽然他们还在低层的天神界以及梵天界，从那时起，就会转生较高级的天神界以及梵天界。就好像雨季末期，蒸气会不断从山林中浮升起来。
This shows the greatness of the advantages arising from the extinction of personality-belief as far as relating to past kamma.
由于断除"身见"所生起的利益，与过去的业果有关连，这正显示了断除"身见"的重要性。
礼敬彼世尊、 阿拉汉 、正自觉者！
Namo Tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammāsambuddhassa
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