藤校G5博士书单 | 建筑历史与理论的相关文献阅读推荐 Vol.1
Vol.1 本期书目
建筑博士的必读书目 1
— 维特鲁威，阿尔伯蒂和米开朗基罗
藤校G5等海内外名校学院都有哪些推荐书目？有哪些好材料值得细细阅读？以及如何更好且全面地补充理论方面的背景知识？在TechArt的「藤校G5博士书单」中，博士导师们和小编们一起挖掘与整理了建筑、城市、艺术等领域的优质书单，并搜索了各大名校的硕士与博士的必读书目，希望能与有兴趣补充相关领域知识的小伙伴们一同分享。
文章全文4400字，阅读时间8分钟
本期【建筑历史与建筑理论】的推荐书单：
第一章. Vitruvius | 维特鲁威
About Vitruvius | 关于维特鲁威
1. De architectura / On Architecture / The Ten Books on Architecture
2. Vitruvius: Writing the Body of Architecture
3. Represntation: Images of the World in Ciceronian Oratory
第二章. Leon Battista Alberti | 莱昂·巴蒂斯塔·阿尔伯蒂
About Alberti | 关于阿尔伯蒂
1. De re aedificatoria
2. Leonis Baptiste Alberti
3. Interpreting the Renaissance：Princes, Cities, Architects
4. The Rule and the Model: On the Theory of Architecture and Urbanism
第三章. Michelangelo |米开朗基罗
About Michelangelo | 关于米开朗基罗
1. Life, Letters, and Poetry
2. Michelangelo and the Language of Art
3. Form and Meaning
第一章. Vitruvius | 维特鲁威
About Vitruvius | 关于维特鲁威
维特鲁威与建筑十书, (图片来源：Wikipedia)
马尔库斯·维特鲁威·波利奥（Marcus Vitruvius Pollio）约公元前80年或前70年，是古罗马、建筑师和工程师，以他的《建筑十书》得以闻名（De Architectura）。他在书中为建筑设计提出了三个主要标准：持久、有用、美观（firmitas, utilitas, venustas），认为建筑是对自然的模仿，人类也用自然材料造建筑物保护自己，并先后总结了多立克柱式、爱奥尼柱式和科林斯柱式，以及最美比例-人体比例。维特鲁威可能并不是古代西方第一位建筑师，但是首位能把建筑原理记载下来的人，他的描述中也包括多种现代建筑门类，包括建筑设计、工程设计、园林规划、艺术加工和工艺制造等。
建筑十书中维特鲁威的人体比例（左），与达芬奇所绘的维特鲁威人（右），图片来源：Wikipedia
1. De architectura / On Architecture / The Ten Books on Architecture
“建筑理论第一书”
作者
Vitruvius
出版年份
1960
出版方
Dover Publications
维特鲁威的《建筑十书》，自文艺复兴以来一直都被认为是关于建筑理论的第一本书，也是古典建筑经典的主要理论来源，被学者们称为最有影响的建筑专著之一。全书共有十卷，包括建筑设计基本原理、建筑构图原理、城市规划、建筑材料等内容。本书所包含的内容如下：
第一书【建筑的产生——建筑的功能和建筑师的学习】,
第二书【房屋的起源、发展——建筑材料】
第三书【Ionic神庙】
第四书【Doric和Corinthian柱式，神庙的布局】
第五书【公共场所的布置——广场和会堂，元老院，剧场，体育馆，浴室，港口】
第六书【私人住宅的推理和均衡】
第七书【内部装饰】
第八书【水】
第九书【时间——星象和日规的制作】
第十书【机械的制造方法和工具的调控方法】
De architectura (On architecture, published as Ten Books on Architecture) is a treatise on architecture written by the Roman architect and military engineer Marcus Vitruvius Pollio and dedicated to his patron, the emperor Caesar Augustus, as a guide for building projects. As the only treatise on architecture to survive from antiquity, it has been regarded since the Renaissance as the first book on architectural theory, as well as a major source on the canon of classical architecture. It contains a variety of information on Greek and Roman buildings, as well as prescriptions for the planning and design of military camps, cities, and structures both large (aqueducts, buildings, baths, harbours) and small (machines, measuring devices, instruments).Since Vitruvius published before the development of cross vaulting, domes, concrete, and other innovations associated with Imperial Roman architecture, his ten books are not regarded as a source of information on these hallmarks of Roman building design and technology.
书中部分截图（文字整理自：豆瓣读书JC, Wikipedia）
（图片来源：《建筑十书》中的部分截图）
2. Vitruvius: Writing the Body of Architecture
“建筑与身体的关系”
作者
Indra Kagis McEwen
出版年份
2002
出版方
The MIT Press
本书作为建筑十书的补充，进一步讲述了空间与身体之间的比例关系。本书一共有4个章节，第1章“The Angelic Body”结合所在年代的事件和思想，以及斯多葛主义和斯多葛语言理论的角度，论述什么是身体建筑。第2章“The Herculean Body”论述了维特鲁威与与奥古斯都的关系，和政治思想如何与建筑思想相互结合与影响。第3章“The Body Beautiful”则讨论了比例、几何形状与建筑美感之间的关系，以及美感在建立环境与大众秩序中的作用。最后的第4章“The Body of the King”探讨了奥古斯塔的建筑、城市、以及艺术计划的性质和空前的程度。
Vitruvius's aim was to present his discipline as the means for making the emperor's body congruent with the imagined body of the world he would rule. Each of the book's four chapters treats a different Vitruvian "body." Chapter 1, "The Angelic Body," deals with the book as a book, in terms of contemporary events and thought, particularly Stoicism and Stoic theories of language. Chapter 2, "The Herculean Body," addresses the book's and its author's relation to Augustus, whose double Vitruvius means the architect to be. Chapter 3, "The Body Beautiful," discusses the relation of proportion and geometry to the architectural beauty and the role of beauty in forging the new world order. Finally, Chapter 4, "The Body of the King," explores the nature and unprecedented extent of Augustan building programs. Included is an examination of the famous statue of Augustus from Prima Porta, sculpted soon after the appearance of De architectura.
（文字整理自：Mit Press）
建筑与人体之间的比例关系（图片来源：gee-eg.com）
3. Representation: Images of the World in Ciceronian Oratory
“社会环境，政治思潮与建筑”
作者
Ann Vasaly
出版年份
1993
出版方
The MIT Press
本书主要结合马尔库斯·图利乌斯西塞罗（古罗马的政治思想家）的古罗马社会、政治思想，所在的社会环境，以及相关的演讲记录，与读者一起重新理解古迹的功能与规划，并为古典研究中一个重要的新探究领域做出了巨大贡献。书中的第一章节也涵盖了对维特鲁威的讲解，以及建筑、城规与政治决策，以及社会思潮之间的联系与影响。
Ann Vasaly introduces representation theory into the study of Ciceronian persuasion and contends that an understanding of milieu—social, political, topographical—is crucial to understanding Ciceronian oratory.Vasaly investigates the way Cicero represented the contemporary physical world—places, topography, and monuments, both those seen and those merely mentioned—to his listeners and demonstrates how he used these representations to persuade. Her exceptionally well-written study deftly recaptures the immediacy of Cicero's oratory and makes a trenchant contribution to an important new area of inquiry in Classical Studies.
（文字整理自：books.google.com）
公开演讲现场（ 图片来源：theclassicslobrary.com ）
-Eric Voegelin, Order and History (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Press, 1957).
-Hans-Joachim Fritz, Vitruv (Munster: LIT Verlag, 1995).
第二章. Leon Battista Alberti | 莱昂·巴蒂斯塔·阿尔伯蒂
About Alberti | 关于阿尔伯蒂
圣母玛利亚教堂的立面比例by Leon Battista Alberti, (图片来源：reddit.com)
莱昂·巴蒂斯塔·阿尔伯蒂（Leon Battista Alberti）是文艺复兴时期意大利的建筑师和建筑理论家，且被誉为是复兴时期的代表建筑师，主要著作有：《论建筑》（De re aedificatoria）、《论雕塑》(De statua) 和《论绘画》(De pictura) 。其中De re aedificatoria作为当时第一部完整的建筑理论著作，推动了文艺复兴运动的发展。这本书里面体现了从文艺复兴人文主义者的角度讨论了建筑的可能性，并提出根据欧几里得的数学原理，在圆形、方形等基本集合体制上进行合乎比例的重新组合，以找到建筑中“美的黄金分割”。
1. De re aedificatoria（On the Art of Building）
“阿尔伯蒂建筑十书”
作者
Leon Battista Alberti
出版年份
1556
出版方
The MIT Press
《论建筑》是关于意大利文艺复兴时期写的第一本理论书。文中的很多内容呼应了维特鲁威《建筑十书》中的部分章节，但阿尔贝蒂对他的维特鲁威的观点也持辩证态度。在他的讨论中，也加入了柏拉图和亚里士多德等各种各样的文学观点的相关资料，同时也结合了部分社会学理论。本书一共包括十个部分：
第一本书：线条
第二本书：材料
第三本书：建筑
第四本书：公共工程
第五本书：个人作品
第六本书：装饰品
第七本书：神圣建筑的装饰品
第八本书：公共世俗建筑装饰
第九本书：私人建筑装饰
第十本书：建筑物的复原
On the Art of Building was the first theoretical book on the subject written in the Italian Renaissance. Though Ten Books consciously echoes Vitruvius's writing, Alberti also adopts a critical attitude toward his predecessor. In his discussion, Alberti includes a wide variety of literary sources, including Plato and Aristotle, presenting a concise version of the sociology of architecture. De re aedificatoria is subdivided into ten books and includes:
Book One: Lineaments
Book Two: Materials
Book Three: Construction
Book Four: Public Works
Book Five: Works of Individuals
Book Six: Ornament
Book Seven: Ornament to Sacred Buildings
Book Eight: Ornament to Public Secular Buildings
Book Nine: Ornament to Private Buildings
Book Ten: Restoration of Buildings
（文字整理自：Wikipedia）
书中关于建筑比例的插图（图片来源：mullenbooks.com）
2. Interpreting the Renaissance：Princes, Cities, Architects
“文艺复兴建筑”
作者
Manfredo Tafuri
出版年份
2006
出版方
Yale University Press
本书作者结合了社会与文化背景，从多种角度分析了文艺复兴时期的建筑，也让读者们塑造起对整个时期的广泛理解。作者通过对意大利的城市，如佛罗伦萨，罗马和威尼斯的建筑等总结了主要项目的历史和建筑思想，并提出了一系列问题：用什么理论术语来描述建筑的人文主义语言？建筑语言是否可以确定该时期城市战略背后的政治动机？
Manfredo Tafuri analyzes Renaissance architecture from a variety of perspectives, exploring questions that occupied him for over thirty years. What theoretical terms were used to describe the humanist analogy between architecture and language? Is it possible to identify the political motivations behind the period’s new urban strategies? Tafuri studies the theory and practice of Renaissance architecture, offering new and compelling readings of its various social, intellectual and cultural contexts, while providing a broad understanding of uses of representation that shaped the entire era. He synthesizes the history of architectural ideas and projects through discussions of the great centres of architectural innovation in Italy (Florence, Rome, and Venice), key patrons from the middle of the fifteenth century to the early sixteenth century, and crucial figures such as Leon Battista Alberti, Filippo Brunelleschi and Giulio Romano.
（文字整理自：books.google.com）
文艺复兴建筑手稿（图片来源: metmuseum.org）
3. The Roots of Architectural Invention: Site, Enclosure, Materials
“场地、围合结构和材料”
作者
David Leatherbarrow
出版年份
1993
出版方
Cambridge University Press
建筑中的场地、围合结构和材料是建筑史和建筑理论的研究内容。它挑战了当代对风格的关注，认为场地、围合结构和材料是建筑设计的基本元素。文本由Perrault、F.L.Wright和Le Corbusier等理论家提出的，讨论了包括现代的和历史建筑物与建筑理论。概述建筑中的典型思维、空间记忆、艺术，场地等在大众活动中的相关定义。
Site, Enclosure and Materials in Architecture is a study in the history and theory of architecture. Challenging the contemporary concentration on style, it argues that site, enclosure and materials are fundamental elements in sound architectural design. Each of the chapters in this study reviews and criticises current assumptions and then provides an analysis of historical texts, by such theoreticians as Perrault, F. L. Wright, and Le Corbusier, in so far as they illuminate current thinking. Outlining typical thinking in architecture, with reference to rhetoric and the art of memory, site, enclosure and materials in architecture defines architecture as a form of representation that is caught up in the temporal unfolding of human events.
（文字整理至: Cambridge press）
作者
Françoise Choay
出版年份
1980
出版方
The MIT Press
本书在建筑和城市主义理论的开创性著作的译本中阐明了两种理论流派的交织命运。一个由阿尔伯蒂的建筑规则书De re aedificatoria代表，另一个由托马斯·莫尔对乌托邦的理想化投影代表。作者以遵循这两种体裁的轨迹，以追溯与“城市主义”一词相关的知识谱系。Choay调查并重新排列了传统史学的格局，提出了一个连贯的系统来解密我们的主文本，以及一种新的方法来考虑我们对建筑环境的事实掌握的含义。
In this long-awaited translation of her seminal work on architecture and urbanistic theory, Francoise Choay elucidates the entwined fate of two theoretical genres. One is represented by Alberti's architectural rule book De re aedificatoria, the other by Thomas More's idealizing projection of Utopia. Choay pursues the trajectories of these two genres in order to trace the genealogy of a third, more heterogeneous discourse associated with the term "urbanism."Choay surveys and rearranges the landscape of conventional historiography, assigning new value to the familiar landmarks, and tracing down to our own epoch texts descended from Alberti's treatise and More's utopian model. She proposes a coherent system for deciphering our master texts as well as a new means for considering the implications of our de facto mastery of the built environment.
（文字整理自：books.google.com）
阿尔伯蒂的建筑作品，(左) Tempio Malatestiano，(中) Santa Maria Novella，(右) Sant' Andrea
（图片来源: alberti-architecture.weebly.com）
-Geroge Hersey, Pythagorean Places (Ithaca Cornell University Press, 1976).
-David Summers, Visual Culture (Hannover: Wesleyan University Press, 1994).
第三章. Michelangelo | 米开朗基罗
About Michelangelo | 关于米开朗基罗
米开朗琪罗建筑手稿, (图片来源：iMuseum)
米开朗基罗兼顾建筑师与雕塑家，相比于同代建筑师对于古典比例的固守，米开朗基罗却从一个雕塑家独特的三维视角来提炼建筑。他所用的手法，如破坏传统的视觉均衡，以渲染空间气氛，而这种对于古典母题的创造性应用将文艺复兴引入了后期的手法主义。
作者
Michelangelo
出版年份
1987
出版方
Michelangelo Buonarroti
米开朗基罗不仅是雕塑家，建筑师和画家，也同时是杰出的诗人和文字作家，本书翻译了米开朗基罗的书信和诗歌以及部分学生的创作生活，侧面体现他们的建筑与艺术理念。
Michelangelo was, apart from being a sculptor, architect, and painter of genius, a poet and letter-writer of remarkable accomplishment. George Bull, a distinguished translator of many Italian classics, has brought his skill and experience to bear on translating this new selection of Michelangelo's letters and poetry, as well as the Life, the biography written by Michelangelo's pupil.
（文字整理自：books.google.com）
米开朗基罗的建筑绘图手稿（图片来源: The Architect’s Newspaper）
作者
James S. Ackeman, James Stokes Ackerman, John Newman
出版年份
1986
出版方
University of Chicago Press
在本书中，作者详细考虑了米开朗基罗在佛罗伦萨和罗马设计的建筑，结合了当时所绘的建筑图纸，以及当时的艺术审美，详细分析了美第奇教堂，法尔内塞宫，圣彼得大教堂和卡皮托利诺山。同时，作者基于年代背景也研究了米开朗基罗在十六世纪对于整个行业的影响。
In this widely acclaimed work, James Ackerman considers in detail the buildings designed by Michelangelo in Florence and Rome--including the Medici Chapel, the Farnese Palace, the Basilica of St. Peter, and the Capitoline Hill. He then turns to an examination of the artist's architectural drawings, theory, and practice. As Ackerman points out, Michelangelo worked on many projects started or completed by other architects. Consequently, this study provides insights into the achievements of the whole profession during the sixteenth century. The text is supplemented with 140 black-and-white illustrations and is followed by a scholarly catalogue of Michelangelo's buildings that discusses chronology, authorship, and condition.
（文字整理自：books.google.com）
米开朗基罗的圣洛伦佐教堂圣器收藏室,（图片来源：douban)
3. Michelangelo's Theory of Art
“米开朗琪罗的创作源头”
作者
Robert John Clements
出版年份
1961
出版方
Gramercy Pub. Co
本书主要讲述了米开朗基罗的思想和概念来源，包括他的艺术理论。作者同时从柏拉图、亚里士多德、普罗提努斯和其他希腊作家中总结相关的观点，寻找与总结创作概念的源头。
Excerpt from the Introduction: We shall set for this study the task of seeking the sources of Michelangelo’s ideas and concepts, including those on the periphery of his art theory. We shall look for them in Plato, Aristotle, Plotinus, and in other Hellenic or Alexandrian writers available in translation or widely discussed in the Cinquecento, for apparently Michelangelo knew no Greek. Nor can we escape the obligation to correlate Michelangelo’s theories with his creative productions in all the arts, seeking their meaning to their composer…We shall study in what measure his theoretical ideas affected his technique and even his choice of the subject matter.
（文字整理自：books.google.com）
-Geroge Hersey, Pythagorean Places (Ithaca Cornell University Press, 1976).
-Francoise Choay, The Rule and the Model (Camb. Mass: MIT Press, 1997).
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